2020中考英语定语从句系统讲与练外研版

1、 2020 中考英语：定语从句系统讲与练 一、 定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词， 定 语从句一般放在先行词的后面 . 二、 定语从句的关系词 关系词常有 3 个作用：1,引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which ， who （宾格 whom,所有格 whose）等；关系副词包括 where， when，why 等。关系代词和关系 副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、 定语从句的分类 根据定语

2、从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。 1限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去， 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整， 意 义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词， 女口： I was the only person in myoffice who was in vited. 2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 非限制性定语从句。 它与主句的关系不十分密切， 只是对其附加说明， 也就是讲即便去掉定语 从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这

3、样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。 且 关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句， 女口： Michael Jask on，who is the greatest sin ger in the world ， passed away in 2020. 女口： Mary lived in the city of Hongkong ， where used to be a small poor countryside. 四、 关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作 宾语可省略。例如： Mary likes music that

4、is quiet and gen tle. （ 语） 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The coat （ that ）I put on the desk is blue. （ 语） 我放在桌子上的那件外套 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 是蓝色的。 2. which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。 例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. ( The film （ which ） we saw last night was wonderful. （ 语） 我们昨天晚上看

5、的那部电影很好看。 3. who , whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 在定语从句中充当宾语， 常可省略。在口语中， 有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。 例如： The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. （ 语） 经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。 Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to ？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语） Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 4. wh

6、ose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 .可译为的” 例如： He has a friend whose father is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替 例如 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. = The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whos

7、e cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 注意：（ 1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时， who， that ， which 可省略，但 介词在关系代词前时，只能用介词 +which/whom ”结构。 例如： This is the house in which we lived last year. 这是我们去年居住的房子。 Do you know the girl with whom your teacher is talking. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本 英文小说。 （2） 含有

8、介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。 例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 （3） that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。 例如： The city that/which she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。 语） 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。 （4） 指物时关系词只能用 that 的情况： a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只 能用 that ， 而不用

9、 which. 例如： He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是 第一个通过考试的人。 b. 被修饰的先行词为 all ， any ， much， many ， everything, anything ， none ， the one 等不定代词时， 只能用 that ，而不用 which. 例如： Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop ？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？ c. 先行词被 the only ， the very ， the same， the last ， l

10、ittle ， few 等词修饰时， 只 能用 that ，而不用 which. 例如： This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那 辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that ， 而不用 which. 例如： I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。 e. 以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that. 例如： Who is the girl that

11、 is crying ？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？ f. 主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that ，而不用 which. 例如： There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。 g. 关系代词作表语时一般不用 who, 而用 that 。如 : He is not the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。 （ 从句中 that 是 was 的表语 ） （ 5）关系词只能用 which ，而不用 that 的情况： a. 先行词为 that ， those 时，用 which ，

12、 而不用 that. 例如： What s that which is under the desk ？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which ，而不用 that. 例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间 c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用 which ， 而不用 that. 例如： Tom came back ， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法 （1） when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the t

13、ime when he arrived. 这是他到达的时间。 （2） where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。 This is the house where （in which） he lives. 3） why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 总迟到。 六、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律 关系代词 whom 或 which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可

14、放在后面，也可提前构成介词+关系 代词 whom （先行词指人 ）/which（ 先行词指物 ）引导定语从句 （ 这种方法更为正式 ） 。 例:Mary is the girl whoml borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whoml borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。 ls this the room that/which he once lived in? = ls this the room in which he once lived? =ls this the room where he once

15、 lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗 ? 常见的有以下几种情况 : 1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he lives. 这是他住的房 间。 l can see the playground where / on which they do sports. 我能看见他们进行运动的操 场。 2. when= on/in/at which 例:I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一年。 I still rememb

16、er the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。 I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched. 我仍然记得那个火箭 发射的时刻。 3. why=for which 例: This is the reason why / for which he was killed. 这是他被杀害的原因。 但下列情况下介词不能提前 : 用 who 代替 whom 用 that 代替 which时，介词不能提前。例： Hes the boy who I learn

17、ed English from. 这是我向他学英语的男孩。 This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。 当 whom、which 省去时介词不能提前。例 ：Is he the boy you went there with? 他是和你 一起去那儿的男孩吗 ? This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。 没人知道他为什么上学 当 whom， which 作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时 ， 介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例You re the very man whom I m

18、 looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。 热身训练 . 单项填空。 D. it 4. Can you lend me the dictionary A. that you bought B. you bought C. that you bought it D. which you bought it with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree of which. D. who A. in that we live B. on whic

19、h we live C. where we live in D. we 二. 用适当的关系代词 that ， which ， who ， whom 填空。 1. The first thing _ you must do is to have a meal. 2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fool s Day in the west. 3. The family _ had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends. 4. The house _ we liv

20、e in is very old.1. -Do you know the man is talking with your father -Yes ， he s our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river I can swim ？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one 3. This is the best hotel in the city I know. A. where B. which C. that the other day 5. Anyone 6.

21、My watch is not the only thing is missing.A. that B. it C. which who 7. The man coat is black is waiting at the gateA. who B. whose C. that D 8. The girl is reading my sister. A. which ； is B. whom ； was C. who ； is D. who was 9. I love places the people are really friendly.A. that B. which C. where

22、 10. The world is made up of matter. live in 5. Didn t you see the man _ I talked with just now ？ 初中英语定语从句练习题（一） 一. 选择填空 1. Don t talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. D. the one 3. Is thi

23、s factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldn t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing po

24、int is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to ope

25、rate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I ll tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree,_ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. th

26、at C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We re talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Tom s

27、sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing in which 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that against B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17

28、. Didn t you see the man _ ? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. tha

29、t is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. “How do you like the book? ” - “It s quite different from _ I read last month. ” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had lready taken them. A. the ones B. ones C.

30、some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. whic

31、h B. where C. that D. about which 25. It s the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that you ve arrived D. when you ve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that B. which C. when D. in which 27. May the fourth is

32、the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. Weare going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live mygrandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at

33、B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “ Red Flag ” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa. A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost

34、directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not _ a fool _ . A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 34. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 3

35、5. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He i

36、s a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. Do you know the town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 40. I don t like _ you speak to her. A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the wa

37、y of which 41. The two things _ they felt very pro ud are Jim s gold watch and Della s hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we _ . A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had 43. Do you know which hotel _ ? A. she is stay

38、ing B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in 44. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C . all D. which 45. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that 46. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. A. them B. that

39、C. which D. those 47. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ muchhelp for knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of 49. T

40、he great day we looked forward to _ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 50. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 初中英语定语从句练习题（二） 用适当的关系词填空： 1. I still remember the night _ I first came to the house. 2. Ill never forget the day _ we met each other

41、 last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _ is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _ I spent with your family. 5. Ill never forget the last day _ we spent together. 6. This is the school _ I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place _ we visited last week? 8.

42、 Do you still remember the place _ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _ is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _ lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai, _ live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing, _ is the capital of China. 13

43、. There was a time _ there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time _ you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _ I met John yesterday. 16. It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 17. The moment _ I saw you, I recognized（ 认出 ）you. 18

44、. This is the very novel about _ weve talked so much. 19. This is the way _ he did it. 20. Who is the student _ was late for school today? 21. Who _ knows him wants to make friends with him? 22. What else was there in my brother _ you didnt like? 23. He lives in the room _ window faces to the south.

45、 24. He lives in the room, the window _ faces to the south. 25. This is Mr. John for _ son I brought a book yesterday. 26. This is Mr. John for _ I bought a book yesterday. 27. This is the hour _ the place is always full of women and children. 28. And there is one point _ Id like your advice. 29. Wi

46、nter is the time of year _ the days are short and nights are long. 30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place _ you may spend your weekend. 初中英语定语从句练习题（三） 充分考虑先行词在从句中的句法作用） 1. A football fan（ 球迷 ） is _ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D

47、. what 2. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 4. The matter _ you were argui

48、ng about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. Who _ has common sense （常识） will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. All the apples _ f

49、ell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. which D. what 8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 9. I ll tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orph

50、an. A. who B. who s C. whose D. which 11. Is this the museum _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 12. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 13. -How do you like the book? - It s quite different from _ I re

51、ad last month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 14. Which sentence is wrong? A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more foo

52、d on the same amount of land. D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth. 15. The train _ she was traveling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 16. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. on which C. under which D. wh

53、ich 17. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 18. It s the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D.when youve arrived 19. He often helps the students _ he thinks are

54、 not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because 20. The Second World War _ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. when B. during that C. in which D. which 21. He was born in the year _ the Anti-Japanese War broke out. A. which B. when C. on which D. during which 22. Mr. Cros

55、sett will never forget the day _ he spent with his various students. A. when B. which C. during which D. on which 23. This is just the place _ I am longing to visit these years. A. that B. where C. in which D. to where 24. Weare going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents

56、 and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 25. The hotel _ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 26. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. than 27. He is not _ a fool _ . A. suc

57、h/as he is looked B. such/as he looks C. as/as 28. Is that the reason _ you are in favor of the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 29. Some of the roads were flooded, _ made our journey more difficult. A. which B. it C. what D. that 30. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.

58、 A. that B. as C. who D. what 31. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 32. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most 33. My glasses, _ I was like a blin

59、d man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that 34. Mr. Wu, _ everybody likes, is going to give us a talk on chemistry. A. whom B. that C. which D. / 35. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell us. A. who B. whom C. that D. / 36. _ , the co

60、mpass was first made in China. A. It is know to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to all 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which