书面表达中的典型错误及应对策略

1、高考书面表达中的典型错误及应对策略一、审题、构思上的错误1 .审题草率，偏离主题，缺漏要点或无限发挥。对策：制定合理的答题方案，完成书表要安排足够的时间，一般 20-25分钟。 下笔前，认真审题，弄清文章的主题、体裁、时态等，归纳出内容要点，列出提纲， 打草稿，用810句英语句子表达出来，切勿匆匆下笔。另外，注意根据需要适当 发挥，一般一至两句，不可无限发挥而影响了重要内容的表达。2 .思路混乱，从头至尾只有一段，或随意过多地分段，发表观点类的作文中常 犯自相矛盾的错误。如“以高中生对文、理科的选择为话题，用英语介绍一下你所做的选择，并说 明理由”，有的考生第一段就亮明了观点“选择理科”&qu

2、ot;I decided to choose scienceas my main subject. The reasons are as follows： 接下来，便说明了选理科的理由，但 在文章快要结束时却写道 “ But my physics is weak. Whats more, I like history very much, so I decided on arts as my main subject of study.这样前后自相矛盾, 不知道考 生的选择到底是什么。对策：考生可根据事件发生的先后顺序以及事物之间的内在联系，进行合理排 序、分段。首段要点明主题，亮明观点，中间

3、段围绕主题展开描述，根据需要可用 一至两段，结尾段一定要呼应首段，将主题升华（首尾呼应，结尾升华） ，不要出现 自相矛盾的情况。二、词法上的错误1 .词汇搭配不当，如：问题句: I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.修改旬：I can introduce our country to foreigners in English.对策：平时熟记高频单词、固定搭配，考试时，在运用某个单词或者短语时，慎重考虑这个单词或短语与其它内容是否搭配。2 .词性中的张冠李戴(1)问题旬：My English is very well.修改旬

4、： My English is very good.(2) 问题旬：I want to make friends with students from others country.修改旬：I want to make friends with students from other countries.对策：平时记单词时除了词义，还要识记其词性、名词的可数性与不可数性、 动词的延续性与非延续性、及物与不及物等。写作时，如果对所写单词的词性没有 把握，可换用其它的单词。3 .时态错误大部分考生段首句子的时态还正确，但段中就开始出错，或者前半旬时态还正 确，后半句就错了。因为这部分考生对各种时态

5、的用法以及什么样的文体该用什么 时态还弄不清。如：4 1)问题旬：I "d be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp.修改旬：I 'd be grateful if you accept me as a member of your camp.问题句:I was told that he has been looking for a new job all through thesummer.修改旬：I was told that he had been looking for a new job all

6、through the summer.对策：弄清各种文体对应的时态，如日记应该用过去时态，通知用将来时态， 发表观点类的文章及图表作文用现在时态，书信根据需要可以交叉使用现在时态、 将来时态和过去时态。写完后还要认真检查，看一下时态呼应一致方面是否出现了 错误。4.语态错误形式多为：不及物动词误用被动形式，不规则动词的过去分词变化拼写错误，该用被动语态的地方没有用被动语态。如：问题句:I got a message that a summer camp w川 be hold in Singapore.修改旬：I got a message that a summer camp w川 bield

7、 in Singapore.问题句:I hope I w川 accept as a member of your summer camp.修改旬：I hope I w川 be accepted as a member of your summer camp.对策：平时有意识地进行主、被动语态方面的转换练习，熟记不规则动词的过 去分词变化形式。写作时，要确保运用被动形式的是及物动词，检查动词的过去分 词形式是否写错，并思考一下此处语态应用是否合适。三、句法结构上的错误1.句子结构不完整阅卷发现：句子结构不完整的情况常出现在定语从句以及需要跟双宾语的动词结构中。问题句:I'd like t

8、o communicate with students come from foreign countries.修改句：I'd like to communicate with studentswho come from different countries. I'd like to communicate with studentsfrom different countries.问题句:I can tell the foreign students about China.剖析：“告诉某人某物”为tell sb sth o修改旬：I can tell the foreig

9、n studentssomething about China.对策：掌握好主谓、主谓宾、主系表、主谓双宾、主谓宾补五种基本句型和there be结构。通过翻译、改错、改写、转换句型等将句法结构内化，要有意识地经常运 用已纠正的常错句型，注意句子结构的完整性。2 .悬垂修饰语现象悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语或修饰语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。分词、不定式、动名词和省略句作为修饰语时考生受汉语影响常会出现悬垂现象。(1) 问题旬：In order to help us learn English well, a foreign teacher w川 be hired. 修改旬：In order t

10、o help us learn English well,our school w川 hire a foreignteacher.(2) 问题旬： At the age of 19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.修改旬： When my sister was 19, she left hometown for Harvard University.When I was 19, my sister left hometown for Harvard University.对策：使用非谓语动词和省略句作为修饰语时，要注意使它们的逻辑

11、主语与句 子的主语保持一致(独立主格结构除外)。运用短语作从何时，要记住短语所表达的 内容不得与后面主句所描述的内容有所冲突或者造成歧义。3 .汉语式英语，逐字翻译比如表达“我对这项活动感兴趣，想参加。”问题旬：I'm interested in the activity and want to take part in.修改旬：I'm interested in the activity and want to take part irit.表达“公园里有一则告示，上面写道：注意安全，道路光滑。问题句:There is a notice in the park, writin

12、g： “To take notice of safe, slippery sideway ”修改旬：There is a notice in the park,saying ： “Watch your step . Slippery sideway.对策：养成用英语思维进行写作的习惯，不逐字翻译题目所列的要求，遇到自拆分修改：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually because it己没有把握的，可换一种方式表达。4 .语法关系不一致表现为：主谓不一致、指代不一致、单复数不一致、比较对象不一致、时态不一

13、致等方面。如：(1) 问题旬：In the bedroom there are a bed, a desk and a chair.修改旬：In the bedroom thereis a bed, a desk and a chair.(2) 问题旬： The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like it.修改旬： The shoes are very beautiful. I think you will like them.对策：日常学习中，要多留心各种特殊的语法关系，注意培养英语语感。写作 完成后，只要认真检查，就可以避免类似错误

14、的出现。5 .重复累赘6 1)累赘句： I can speak fluent English fluently.简洁旬：I can speakfluent English./ I can speak Englishfluently.7 2)累赘句： Just as the saying goes every coin has two sides: it is the same with the private cars, that is to say, it has its disadvantages.简洁旬：Just as the saying goes,every coins has tw

15、o sides：so does the private cars或 Every coin has two sides,so does the private cars.对策：英语有一个原则叫简洁原则(又叫经济原则)一一能用三词不用四词。平时进行长句短写训练，学会用省略的方法使句子简洁明了。写作完成后，要认真 检查，看有无重复累赘句。7.句式结构单一，无连接词(1) 结构单一旬：I'm Li Hua. I'm a middle school student. fm from China. 修改旬：I'm Li Hua, a middle school student fr

16、om China.(2)结构单一旬： You practise more reading, you will improve your reading ability. 修改旬：If you practise more reading, you will improve your reading ability.对策：学会恰当使用连接词、同位语、非谓语动词、短语等对结构单一的英语 句子进行合并，进行简单句和复合句的转换训练，逐步掌握较复杂句式。四、“高级表达”误区现象不少考生(尤其成绩较好的)在写作时，将过多的注意力放在“高级表达”上 面。他们过多使用所谓的“高级词汇”、“高级语法结构”，以期

17、能让自己的作文“技高一筹”，提高得分档次。但好多情况下却弄巧成拙，造成了复杂结构堆砌，错误百出。即陷入了所谓“高级表达”的误区。这种现象在考卷中也很普遍。如：For so many years tough studying, I have conquered English. I totally master English. I can speak magnificent English. And I want to make my voice be widely heard throughout the world. So I want to take part in your summe

18、r camp.剖析：考生虽然很认真地使用了 “高级词汇”：tough, conquer, master, magnificent 等，但因为不够简洁准确，有的用词也不符合中学生的身份，反而使语言啰嗦，晦 涩难懂。修改：I've been learning English for many years, and I speafluent English now. What is more, I 'll be able to tell students from other countries something about China and learn about their

19、countries as well. I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.又如：I strongly hope that this plan should be carried out continually not only because it has given us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent ability but also because we really feel much happier than ever

20、 before.剖析：该句用词39个，包含了一个宾语从句，两个状语从句，太冗长。has allowed us more space to develop our critical thinking and independent ability. What' s more we really feel much happier than ever before.（一个主从复合旬、一 个简单句，连接词使句子流畅连贯）对策：使用词汇、语法结构应该简洁、准确、恰当、通俗易懂，少用生僻词， 同时在达到了基本的组句能力以后，再去恰当追求写复杂结构的句子，不要为了所 谓的“高级结构”而牵强使用，走

21、出所谓“高级结构”的误区。对于冗长啰嗦的长 句子可运用拆分省略法，使其简洁有力。总之，只要我们针对高考英语书面表达中的典型错误，采取必要的对策，指导 学生扎实训练，提醒学生高考中有针对性地检查纠正，就一定能够降低出错率，提 高得分档次，增加高考获胜的筹码。第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是中学生李华，你的美国笔友Paul想了解一下中国的用餐习俗。请写一封英文邮件向他作简要介绍。要点如下：1.主人请客人先人座；2.使用筷子进餐；3.吃饭不出声响；4.客人先动筷子；5.餐毕客人向主人致谢。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。You mentioned you are i

22、nterested in Chinese table manners, so I ' m writing to give you a第二节书面表达（满分 25分）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim要来中闰旅游，向你询问外国人如何在中国买火车票。请写一封邮件，给予答复。要点如下：1 .火车票采用实名制，外国人需凭护照购买。 :2 .购买方式：电话预定（上网查阅当地订票服务电话）网络订购（http:/www . 12306. cn ）窗口购票（当地预售点、火车站售票处）注意：1 .词数100左右；2 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3 .开头已为你写好。参考词汇：实名制火车票 real-n

23、ame ticketDear Jim,I am glad to hear that you are coming to travel in China .Dear Jim,I am glad to hear that you are coming to travel in China. It is important for you, a foreigner, to keep the following in mind to make your journeys smooth and enjoyable.For railway journeys, we have to buy real-name tickets, in which basic personal information is included. So a foreigner is supposed to use the passport. You can get your ticket in three ways. First, you can book on the phone. Search online or consult the locals for the number. Second, visit the official