Book3_U3_重点词汇讲解

1、U3 重点词汇讲解 1. destroy (destroyed, destroyed)v. 破坏 注意该词与ruin, damage 等词的区别：destroy: 多指彻底地、毁灭性地破坏，含导致无用，不能或很难再修复的意味。 ruin: 多指因外部原因而受到严重破坏或毁灭，侧重破坏的彻底性;也可用于引申意义, 如 ruin ones future, ruin ones career。该词做名词时，注意下列搭配：fall into ruin (崩溃)，be in ruins (在废墟中) damage: 多指对无生命物体的损害，造成降低价值、破坏功能等后果, 但仍可修复。可用作名词,常用词组d

2、o/cause damage to。 例如：(1) The building was completely destroyed by the fire. 大火完全毁掉了这幢大楼。(2) The repairman tried to repair the car which was damaged in an accident. 修理工试图修复在事故中被损坏的车子。(3) The earthquake did a lot of damage to the city. 地震对城市造成了巨大的损失。（4）It rained for 3 days, which ruined my holiday. 雨

3、下了三天，把我的假期毁掉了2. remains（1）n. 剩余物 She fed the remains of her dinner to the cat. 她用剩余的饭菜喂猫。同时，该词还能表示“遗址”和“遗体”。例如：The archeologist discovered the remains of an ancient culture. 考古学家发现了一处古文明遗址。His remains were buried in Westminster. 他的遗体被安放在威斯敏斯特大教堂。 应注意该词为复数形式，类似的词还有：ruins (废墟，遗址)，goods (货物) ，riches, （

4、财富），arms (武器)，fireworks (烟火), wages（工资），sweets（糖果），crossroads（十字路口）等。 （2）vi. 遗留、继续存在 Few villages remained after the flood.洪水过后，几乎没有村庄剩下。 After the fire, very little remained of the temple. 火灾过后，寺庙所剩无几。 remain 为系动词，后接名词、形容词、分词、介词短语等。 He remained the leader after the election. 选举过后，他仍是领导。 The place r

5、emains warm all winter. 这个地方整个冬天都很温暖。 He remained sitting in the classroom after the examination. 考试后，他仍然坐在教室里。 也可表示留待以后去看、去做、去说等。 Much remains to be done.还有很多事要做。 It remains to be seen whether the decision is right or not. 该决定正确与否有待将来见分晓。3 condition（1） 该词为不可数名词时，意思为“状况，状态”。如：be in good/ poor condit

6、ion 处于好的/坏的状态be out of condition 健康/状况不好辨析：state 、condition、situationstate指“人或物存在或所处的某一种状态”，必须与a连用。试比较：在冬天恶劣的天气下，路况很差。The roads are in a terrible state after the severe winter weather. The roads are in terrible condition after the severe winter weather. situation: 境况；情势；情景It is important for us to u

7、se a word or phrase according to the situation in language studies. 在语言学习中，我们应根据情境使用单词或词组。He was in a dangerous situation. 他处于危险的形势中。（2）该词为可数名词时，意思为“条件”。如： Ability and effort are conditions of success. 才能和努力是成功的条件。（3）当该词为复数形式时，指（居住、工作或做事情的）环境、境况、条件。如： living/housing/working conditions 生活/住房/工作条件 He

8、was brought in /under difficult conditions. 他是在极其困难的情况下被养大的。 词组搭配：（1）on condition that 在条件下（=only if/ so long as）They agreed to lend us the money on condition that we pay it back within one month. 他们同意借钱给我们，只要我们一个月内还。（2）on /under no condition 无论如何都不，决不 （= in no case/by no menans）Under no condition c

9、an we break the law. 我们决不能触犯法律。4 concerned(1) adj.意思为“忧虑的，担心的”，常与介词about、for搭配使用。如： Concerned parents held a meeting about the childrens education. 忧心忡忡的家长们就孩子们的教育问题开了会。The mother is concerned about her childs health. 母亲很担忧她小孩的健康。 (2) concern 用作动词，表示“影响、涉及；关于；使担忧；感兴趣”。 常用结构：be concerned with “关于”; a

10、s /so far as concerned “就而言 ; concern oneself with/about sth.“忙于，关心”。例如： The book concerns the discovery of a lost civilization. 这本书与发现失落的文明有关。This novel is concerned with energy crisis. 这本小说与能源危机有关。As far as I am concerned, I share the view of the second group. 就我而言,我同意第二种人的观点。 He never concerns hi

11、mself with housework. 他从来都不做家务。 (3) concern 也可用做名词，意为“担忧，关心的事，重要的事”。如：We have to pay attention to the public concern about corruption. 我们不得不注意到公众对于腐败现象的关注。 The president expressed his concern for the economic crisis. 总统表达了他对此次经济危机的关注。（4）concerning 为介词，“关于、涉及”（=regarding）。如： All books concerning the

12、Internet were sold out. 所有关于网络的书都卖光了。5sink (1) vi. 意思为“下沉, 下降”。过去式、过去动词为sank, sunk。例如： The ship sank to the bottom of the ocean. 船沉到大洋底部。 She sank into the armchair. 她陷在单座沙发里。 The sun was sinking in the west. 太阳西坠。 My heart sank when I heard the terrible news. 当我听到这个可怕的消息时，心里陡然一沉。 （2）n. 指（厨房里的）洗涤池，洗

13、碗槽。 Dont just leave your dirty plated in the sink. 别把脏盘子往洗碗池里一放就了事。6influence （1）vt. “影响”。例如： Can the planets influence human character, as astrologers claim? 行星能象占星家所宣称那样对人的性格有所影响吗？ 注意与affect的区别： influence指在人们的思想、行为等方面产生间接的、潜移默化的影响。如： Probably we influenced each other. 也许我们影响了彼此。 affect的影响则比较直接，常指对

14、他人情感上的影响，有时也表示“对产生不利影响”。如： The terrible news didnt affect her at all. 这个可怕的消息并没有影响她。 The economic crisis has seriously affected German exports. 经济危机已严重影响了德国的出口。 （2）n. The moon has an influence on animal behavior. 月亮能够影响动物的行为。注意下列搭配： exercise / have an influence (effect) on/over 对 有影响力 under the infl

15、uence of sb. / under ones influence 在某人的影响下7. declare (1) vt.“宣布、宣告、声明”，后接名词或从句。 The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.第二天，罗斯福总统宣布对日作战。 The Chinese government declared a ban on plastic bags. 中国政府宣布禁止使用塑料带。 The suspect declared that he was innocent. 该嫌疑犯声称自己是清白的。 (2

16、)也可接复合宾语结构，宾语补足语可由形容词、不定式、分词等充当。如：The suspect declared himself innocent. 该嫌疑犯声称自己是清白的。They declared his story to be true. 他们声称他们的故事是真的。The teacher declared Mike chosen. 老师宣布迈克被选上了。(3)注意declare和announce的区别declare : 用于正式场合，指“正式宣布”，“郑重宣布”。announce：用于普通场合，指“宣布”，“使公开”，“在无线电、电视上主持介绍”。They announced their

17、engagement to the family. 他们向家里宣布订婚。The captain announced that the plane would take off. 机长宣布飞机即将起飞。8bury vt.“埋葬”。 The workers were buried alive when the earthquake happened. 地震爆发时，工人被活埋了。 She buried her face in her hands and wept. 她掩面而哭。 be buried in/ bury oneself in 埋头于，专心致志于，类似意义有 be lost in, be

18、absorbed in 等。 He buried himself in the books. 他埋头读书。9. drive (drove, driven) vt. 迫使某人（生气、发疯等） It drives me angry to think that the keys were in my pocket all along. drive sb. to do sth.驱使或迫使某人做某事 The greedy boss drove the workers to work all night long.贪婪的老板驱使工人整晚都工作。 迫使某物移动或进入某位置；打、敲、戳等 To mend a

19、broken chair, he drove a nail into wood. 为了修椅子，他把钉子敲进木头里。10. feed (fed, fed) vt. 为提供食物；养活 He has a large family to feed. 他有一大家子要养活。 feed sth. to sb. 把 喂给/ feed sb. with sth. 用喂 你可以用这根骨头来喂狗。 You can feed this bone to the dog. You can feed the dog with this bone. feed on 以为主食 The cow feeds on hay. 奶牛以

20、草为主食。11. take over(1)接管，接收，接任 (take sth. over from sb.)He expects to take over the business when his father retires. 他希望他父亲退休时，由他接管生意。比较：He expects that his father will hand over the business to him.他希望父亲能把企业传给他掌管。Would you like me to take over the driving for a while?你愿意让我接替你开会车吗？(2) 拓展：take in 吸收，

21、欺骗Dont be taken in by his promises for he never realizes them. 不要被他的承诺欺骗，他从来都不兑现。They often drive to the countryside to take in the fresh air there.他们经常开车到乡村吸收新鲜空气。take on 雇佣，呈现，承担China has taken on a new look since its reform 自改革以来，中国呈现出新的面貌。I feel honored to take on the role as a volunteer. 能担任志愿者

22、的工作，我感到很荣幸。The supermarket took on extra workers during vacations. 超市在节假日雇佣更多的工人。take off 起飞，脱下（衣帽），事业腾飞His career has taken off since he got the first gold medal. 自他得到第一块金牌后，他的事业就开始腾飞了。take up 占据，从事，开始After retirement my grandfather took up photography as a hobby. 退休后，我爷爷喜欢上了摄影。The huge bed took up

23、 half of the rooms space.床占了房间一半的空间。take down 记下，取下The students took down what the teacher said in class. 学生们记下了老师所说的话。take back 收回（所说的话），退回（某物）If you refuse to take back what you said, I will never forgive you. 如果你不收回你所说的话，我定不原谅你。take after 相像 In looks she takes after her father. 他在相貌上和他父亲长得很像。12.

24、carry out 实施He failed to carry out his promise. 他未能实现他的承诺。Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly carried out. 决定一旦做出，就应被坚决实施。Our manager must be happy if he sees this plan carried out. 看到这个项目可以实施,经理一定会很开心的。拓展：carry on 进行They carry on a conversation in English every day. 他们每天用英语进行对话。We will ca

25、rry on as arranged and they can do their worst. 我们还按我们的计划行事,他们爱使坏就随便他们吧。carry away 使失去理智，使人迷住He was carried away by emotion. 他被感情支配失去了理智。carry through 进行到底His faith and courage carried him through.他的信心和勇气让他度过了难关。13in memory of 纪念 He wrote a poem in memory of his dead wife. 他为亡妻写了一首诗，以示纪念。 归纳类似结构短语：

26、in hope of 满怀希望 in search of 搜寻 in honor of 为了纪念 in need of 需要 in place of 代替 in favor of 支持14in use正在使用中 The old dictionary is no longer in use.这本老字典已经不用了。 拓展： out of use 不再使用 come into use 使用起来When did the word “net” come into use? 单词”net”什么时候开始使用的?(be) of useThese maps may be of great use to you

27、on your trip.这些地图可能对你旅行很有帮助。make use of 利用Make full use every chance you have to practice English.好好利用你拥有的每个机会练习英语. Its no use doing sth. Its no use crying over split milk. = There is no point in crying over spilt milk. 对着打翻的牛奶哭泣是没用的。 (覆水难收)归纳类似结构：in danger 在危险中in debt 负债in trouble 在困境中in secret 秘密地

28、in silence 悄悄地in public公开地15in return 作为报答（常作状语） I wish I could do something for you in return. 我希望能为你做点事以示报答。 in return for I gave her a present in return for her kindness to us. 我送她礼物作为对她好心的报答。16. be /go on board 在船上、飞机上 Have the passengers gone on board yet? 旅客已经登机了吗？练习 一、首字母填空完成句子 1Its hard to i

29、magine how this quiet volcano d_ the whole city! 2. C_ environmentalists expressed their worry over the pollution of the Yangtze River.3. One of the c_ of this job is that you agree to work abroad.4. It is my teachers i_ that made me finally take up my present career as an English teacher.5. Many pe

30、ople were b_ alive when the building collapsed.6. He threw away the r_ of a meal in the trash. 7. The ship began to s_ when it hit an iceberg. 8. The colonies d_ their independence from England. 9. Very long noises in the factory can d _ people mad. 10. The earthquake left the whole town in r_.二、根据中

31、文填空完成句子1人们将建造一座纪念碑以悼念那些在地震中遇难的人们。 A monument will be set up _ _ _ victims in the earthquake.2粗心毁了他的前途。 A careless mistake _ _ _.3由于还有很多工作有待完成，他没有时间休息。With a lot of work _ _ _ _, he could spare no time for a rest.4. 我们订购的所有货物都到达了, 而且状况良好。 All the goods we ordered have arrived _ _ _.5. 他因出色地完成了任务而受到表扬

32、。He was praised for having _ _ the mission perfectly. 6. 不要沉迷于电脑游戏，你父母在为你担心。Dont be addicted to the computer games. Your parents _ _ _ you.7他们通过购买股份的方式接管了我们公司。They _ _ our company by buying up shares. 8主席宣布会议开始。The chairman _ the meeting _. 9. 我们给彼德一件精美的礼物，作为对他合作的回报。We gave Peter a nice present _ _

33、_ his cooperation. 10. 为了多赚钱，他被迫做几份兼职。He _ _ _ take several part-time jobs to earn more money . 三、选词语填空完成句子in return carry out on board be concerned about in use feed on have an influence over in poor condition take over1. The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.2.

34、 When he died, his wife _ the business.3. I helped him with housework and he gave me some money _.4. All passengers _ tried their best to save the sick woman.5. His words _ me, which made me become an honest person.6. Due to the severe damage, the bridge is no longer _.7. A sheep which _ this kind o

35、f special grass usually grows much faster than one on ordinary.8. He cant work any more because he is _.9. _ her book, she didnt hear the knock at the door.10. We _ your safety in the quake-stricken area. Please contact us soon.四、用所给词语编写故事。destroy, concerned, sink, influence, ruins, bury, in return(for), in memory of, on board, carry outKey一、 首字母填空完成句子1destroyed 2. Concerned 3. conditions 4. influence 5. buried 6. remains 7. sink 8. declar