英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译

1、英语四级阅读理解基础练习及答案翻译英语四级阅读理解基础练习一：Uponreachinganappropriateageusuallybetween18and21years,childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,touleavethenestMandbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nor

2、dochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses配偶throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveofth

3、eirchoices.来源：Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydelibera

4、telydecidenottogointohisfathersbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather*sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamilyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAm

5、ericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself-relianceandindependence.1. Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofyoungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing?ATheyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.BTheywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.CTheyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.DTheywanttochallengetheauthorityoft

6、heirparents.2. MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof.AloveBfinancialconcernCtheirparentsDfamilybackground3. Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat.AAmericanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparentsBmostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildrenCAmericanyoungadultspossesscul

7、turalvaluesofindependenceDonceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently4. Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather*sbusinessmainlybecauseAhewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschoolBhewantstoprovehisindependenceChewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveofDhewantstoshowhislovefor

8、hisparents5. ThesubjectmatterofthisselectionisAfamilyvaluesBmarriagearrangementsCthepursuitofacareerDdecisionmaking答案：CACBA子女一旦到适当年龄通常是18至21岁，要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础,青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的

9、选择。许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。有时为了证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也亳不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了白主、独立的文化价值观念。英语四级阅读理解基础练习二：BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheushortsleepersMhadbeenmoreorlessaverageinthei

10、rsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneral,theseushortsleepsvappe

11、aredambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist不动摇intheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.AndmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappearunormalvoruacceptableMtotheirfriendsandassociates.Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,theusho

12、rtsleepersMdidpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.ThesleeppatternsoftheushortsleepersMweresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sleeppatternsshow

13、nbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic疯人.TheulongsleepersMwerequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytend

14、edtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidtheushortsleepers.”Manyoftheulongsleeperswereshy,anxious,introverted内向，inhibited压抑，passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselvesparticularlyinsocialsituations.Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.1. Accordingtothereport,.Amanyshortsleepe

15、rsneedlesssleepbynatureBmanyshortsleepersareobligedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirworkClongsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringthedayDmanylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood2. Manyushortsleepersarelikelytoholdtheviewthat.Asleepisawithdrawalfrom

16、therealityBsleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgementCsleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogramDsleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles3. Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers.AareideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflifeBoftenneglecttheconsequencesofinadequatesleepCdonotknowh

17、owtorelaxproperlyDaremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems4. Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmight.AappeardisturbedBbecomeenergeticCfeeldissatisfiedDbeextremelydepressed5. WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage?AIfonesleepsinadequately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryis

18、weakenedBThesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownbymanymentalpatientsCLongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleepDShortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest答案：DCBAB贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左右，由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿