英文合同翻译常见词注解(中)

1、vl.O可编辑可修改英文合同翻译常见词注解(中)一.notwithstanding释义：inspiteof(prep.)尽管；nevertheless(adv.)仍然用法：法律文件常用词，比although正式。语法：作介词用时，放在要引导的让步状语前例LNotwithstandingtheprovisionsofArticle91oftheseRegulations,whenabusinessestablishmentinchargeofconsolidatedtaxfilingfailstocomputethetaxableincomeofdifferentbusinessestablis

2、hmentsappropriatelyonaseparatebasis,thelocaltaxauthoritiesmaymakereasonableapportionmentofthetaxableincomeamongthesebusinessestablishments,undertheirrespectiveproportionofbusinessincome,costsandexpenses,assets,thenumberofstaffandworkers,ortheamountofwages.注释：( 1) NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofArticl

3、e91oftheseRegulations：虽有本细则第九Hk条的规定( 2) abusinessestablishmentinchargeofconsolidatedtaxfiling：负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构( 3) failtocomputethetaxableincomeofdifferentbusinessestablishmentsappropriatelyonaseparatebasis：不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额( 4) thelocaltaxauthoritiesmaymakereasonableapportionmentofthetaxableinc

4、omeamongthesebusinessestablishments：当地税务机关可以对应税所得在各营业机构之间合理分配( 5) undertheirrespectiveproportionofbusinessincome,costsandexpenses,assets,thenumberofstaffandworkers,ortheamountofwages:按照营业收入比例、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例参考译文：虽有本细则第九十一条的规定，负责合并申报缴纳所得税的营业机构不能合理地分别计算各营业机构的应纳税所得额时，当地税务机关可以对应税所得总额，按照营业收入比例

5、、成本和费用比例、资产比例、职工人数或者工资数额的比例，在各营业机构之间合理分配。例2：If,notwithstandingSub-Clause,anydamageoccurstoanybridgeorroadcommunicatingwithorontheroutestothesiteduetothetransportofmaterialsorplant,theContractorshallnotifytheEngineerofthematterinquestion,withacopytotheEmployer,assoonashebecomesawareofsuchdamageorasso

6、onashereceivesanyclaimfromtheauthorityentitledtomakesuchclaim.注释：(1) notwithstandingSub-Clause：尽管有款的规定(2) anydamageoccurstoanybridgeorroadcommunicatingwithorontheroutestothesite：对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害(3) duetothetransportofmaterialsorplant：因运输材料或设备(4) theauthorityentitledtomakesuchclaim：有权提出止匕

7、类索赔的机构参考译文：尽管有款的规定，但如果发生因运输材料或设备而对通往现场或位于通往现场路线上任何桥梁或道路造成任何损害时，承包人在得知此类损害之后，或者收到有权提出此类索赔的机构的任何索赔要求之后，应立即通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交给业主。例3：TheEngineershall,fromtimetotime,haveauthoritytoissueinstructionsonthefollowingmattersthat:1)anyworksshall,intheopinionoftheEngineer,beremovedandre-executed,notwithstandinganyp

8、revioustestthereoforinterimpaymenttherefor,becausethefollowingitemsfailtomeettherequirementsandprovisionsoftheContract:(i) thematerials,Plantorworkmanship,or(ii) thedesignbytheContractororforwhichheisresponsible.注释：(1) haveauthoritytoissueinstructionsonthefollowingmatters：有权对下列事项发出指示(2) intheopinion

9、oftheEngineer：工程师认为(3) anyworksshallberemovedandre-executed：任何工程均应拆除并重新施工(4) notwithstandinganyprevioustestthereoforinterimpaymenttherefor：尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款(5) 5)failtomeettherequirementsandprovisionsoftheContract：不符合合同规定参考译文：工程师有权随时对下列事项发出指示：1）尽管事先已对其进行过任何检验或临时付款，但对工程师认为任何工程因以下各项不符合合同规定的，均应拆除并重新施

10、工：（1）材料、工程设备或工艺；或（2）由承包人设计或承包人对其负有责任的设计。例4：NotwithstandinganyotherprovisionoftheContract,iftheContractorintendstoclaimanyadditionalpaymentpursuanttoanyClauseoftheseConditionsorotherprovisions,theContractorinquestionshall,within28daysaftertheeventgivingrisetotheclaimhasfirstarisen,notifytheEngineerof

11、hisintention,withacopytotheEmployer.注释:(1) notwithstandinganyotherprovisionoftheContract：尽管本合同有其它规定(2) intendtoclaimanyadditionalpayment：打算索取任何追加付款(3) 3)within28daysaftertheeventgivingrisetotheclaimhasfirstarisen：在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内(4) notifytheEngineerofhisintention：将其索赔意向通知工程师参考译文：尽管本合同有其它规定，如果承包人根

12、据本合同的任何条款或其他有关规定打算索取任何追加付款的话，他都应在引起索赔的事件第一次发生后28天内，将其索赔意向通知工程师，并将一份副本呈交业主。例5：TheWorksshallbemeasurednet,notwithstandinganygeneralorlocalcustom,exceptwhereotherwiseprovidedforinthecontract.注释：(1) theWorksshallbemeasurednet：工程计量应该计量净值(2) notwithstandinganygeneralorlocalcustom：无论通常的和当地的习惯如何anygeneralor

13、localcustom：通常的和当地的习惯参考译文：无论通常的和当地的习惯如何，工程计量应该计量净值，但合同另有规定的除外。例6：NotwithstandingtheprovisionsofthisClauseoranyotherClauseoftheContract,nopaymentcertificatesshallbeissuedbytheEngineeruntiltheperformancesecurityissubmittedbytheContractorundertheContractandapprovedbytheEmployer.注释：(1) notwithstandingth

14、eprovisionsofthisClauseoranyotherClauseoftheContract：尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定(2) paymentcertificate：支付款证书(3) theperformancesecurity：履约保证参考译文：尽管有本条款或任何其它合同条款的规定，在承包人提交履约保证并经业主批准之前，工程师不对任何支付款额开具证书。例7：NotwithstandingtheissueoftheDefectsLiabilityCertificate,theContractorandtheEmployershallremainliableforthefu

15、lfillmentofanyoutstandingobligationincurredundertheprovisionsoftheContractwhentheDefectsLiabilityCertificateisissued.Todeterminethenatureandextentoftheobligationsinquestion,theContractshallbedeemedtoremaininforceandbebindinguponthepartiesthereto.注释：(1) notwithstandingtheissueoftheDefectsLiabilityCer

16、tificate：尽管颁发了缺陷责任证书thedefectsliabilitycertificate：缺陷责任证书(2) anyoutstandingobligation：尚未履行的义务(3) 3)todeterminethenatureandextentoftheobligationsinquestion：为了确定任何此类义务的性质和范围参考译文：尽管颁发了缺陷责任证书，但承包人和业主仍应对在缺陷责任证书颁发时尚未履行的义务承担责任。为了确定任何此类义务的性质和范围，合同应被认为对合同双方仍然有效。例8：NotwithstandingIB,theOwnerreservestherightto

17、acceptorrejectanyBid,andtoannulthebiddingprocessandtorejectallBids,atanytimepriortotheawardoftheContract,withouttherebyincurringanyliabilitytotheaffectedBidderorBiddersoranyobligationtoinformtheaffectedBidderorBiddersofgroundsforitsaction.注释：(1) notwithstandingIB：尽管有款的规定IB：InstructionstoBidders投标者须知

18、。注：IB不能译成”对投标者的指示”,因为在投标阶段，业主与投标人之间没有合同关系，即上下级关系。合同成立后，投标人成为承包人，那么可以就“对承包人的指示”，这里只能译成“投标者须知”。(2) Bid：投标(书)(3) toannul：putanendto废除，废止(4) awardofContract：授予合同(5) 5)thereby：bythatmeans；bydoingorsayingthat由止匕，因此，是以(6) affectedBidder:受影响的投标人(7) groundsforitsaction：行为的根据(或原因)9vl.O可编辑可修改参考译文：尽管有款的规定，业主在授予

19、合同前，有保留授受或拒绝任何投标、废除投标程序、拒绝所有投标的权利，而且不承担由此而对投标人造成的不利条件的责任，同是也不承担通知受影响的投标人有关业主作出这一决定的原因的义务。十二.shall释义：应该，必须用法：在合同等法律文件中，表示强制性承担法律或合同义务。有时可用will,但力度比shall弱。这时决不能用“must”或“should"。should在法律文件里往往用作“if”,只表示“如果”之意。例1TheboardmeetingshallbecalledandpresidedoverbytheChairman.ShouldtheChairmanbeabsent,thev

20、ice-Chairmanshall,inprinciple,callandpresideovertheboardmeeting.注释：(1) TheboardmeetingshallbecalledandpresidedoverbytheChairman.：董事会会议应由董事长召集并主持theboardmeeting：董事会会议presideover：主持(2) thevice-Chairman：副董事长参考译文：董事会会议应由董事长召集并主持；如董事长缺席时，原则上，应由副董事长召集主持。例2TheChinese-ForeignCooperativeJointVenturesCompanys

21、hallterminateupontheexpirationofthejointventureterm.注释：(1) theChinese-ForeignCooperativeJointVenturesCompany中外合作经营公司(2) theexpirationofthejointventureterm：合作期满时参考译文：中外合作经营公司应于合作期满时终止。例3ThetermoftheCompanyshallbe5yearscommencingfromthedateofissuanceoftheCompany'sbusinesslicense.注释：ivl.O可编辑可修改 1)

22、thetermoftheCompany：公司的期限 2) 2)thedateofissuanceoftheCompany'sbusinesslicense：公司营业执照签发之日参考译文：公司的期限为5年，自公司营业执照签发之日计算。ThisContractandtheappendicesheretoshallcomeintoforcefromthedateofapprovalbytheexaminationandapprovalauthorities.注释:(1) theappendiceshereto：theappendicestothisContract本合同附件(2) shall

23、comeintoforce：应生效参考译文：本合同及其附件须经审批机构批准，应自批准之日生效。例5AnyamendmenttothisContractortoitsappendicesshallcomeintoforceafterthewrittenagreementisconcludedandsignedbythePartiesheretoandapprovedbytheoriginalexaminationandapprovalauthorities.注释:( 1) anyamendmenttothisContractortoitsappendices：本合同及其附件的任何修改( 2) t

24、heoriginalexaminationandapprovalauthorities：审批匕机构参考译文：本合同及其附件的任何修改，必须经双方签署书面合同文件，并报原审批机构批准后才能生效。ThisCompanyshallbeaChineselegalperson.AllactivitieshereofshallbegovernedandprotectedbytheLawsandrelevantrulesandregulationsofPeople5sRepublicofChina.注释:(DaChineselegalperson：中国法人( 3) shallbegovernedandpro

25、tectedbytheLawsandrelevantrulesandregulationsofPeople'sRepublicofChina：应受中ivl.O可编辑可修改华人民共和国法律和法规的管辖和保护1vl.O可编辑可修改参考译文：本公司应为中国法人。公司的一切活动应受中华人民共和国法律和法规的管辖和保护。例7TheproductionandbusinessscopeoftheCompanyshallbeasfollows:tomanufacture,sellanddevelopcooperativelyproducedproductsandotherrelevantproduct

26、s.注释：(1) theproductionandbusinessscopeoftheCompany：公司的生产及经营范围(2) tomanufacture,sellanddevelopcooperativelyproducedproducts：制造、销售和开发合作产品(3) relevantproducts：相关产品，配套产品参考译文：公司的生产及经营范围是制造、销售和开发合作产品及其相关或配套产品。例8ThefirstBoardmeetingshallbeconvenedwithinonemonthaftertheissuanceoftheCompany'sbusinesslice

27、nse.注释： 1) beconvenedwithinonemonth：一个月内召开 2) 2)theissuanceoftheCompany'sbusinesslicense：公司营业执照的签发参考译文：第一次董事会应在公司营业执照的签发后一个月内召开。例9ThedateofissuanceofthebusinesslicenseoftheCompanyshallbethedateoftheestablishmentoftheBoardofDirectorsoftheCompany.注释：(1)thedateoftheestablishmentoftheBoardofDirector

28、softheCompany：公司董事会成立之日参考译文：公司营业执照签发之日应为公司董事会成立之日例10ThedocumentsonthemajorissuesoftheCompany,includingbutnotlimitedto,themanagementplan,themonthlyreport,quarterlyreportandannualreport,shallbesignedjointlybytheGeneralManagerandtheDeputyGeneralManager,thenthedocumentsshallcomeintoeffect.注释:(1) thedocu

29、mentsonthemajorissuesoftheCompany：公司的重要文件(2) themanagementplan：管理计戈ll(3) themonthlyreport：月度报告(4) quarterlyreport：季度报告(5) annualreport：年度报告(6) shallbesignedjointlybytheGeneralManagerandtheDeputyGeneralManager：应由总经理和副总经理会签参考译文：公司的重要文件，包括，但不限于管理计划、月度、季度及年度报告，须经总经理和副总经理会签方为有效。十三unlessotherwise释义:除非用法：比

30、“ifnot”和“otherwise”表达正式，由两个同义词uunless和“otherwise”组成。语法：一般后面紧跟动词，表示“除非另”，比如表示“除非合同另有规定"，可以说"unlessotherwisespecifiedintheContract"；又如表示“除非信用证另有规定”，可以说“unlessotherwisespecifiedintheLetterofCredit”。例1Thesearticlesshallapplytoalldocumentarycredits,includingstandbylettersofcredit,totheexte

31、nttowhichthecreditsinquestionshallbeapplicable,andshallbebindingonthePartiestotheContract,unlessotherwiseexpresslyagreedbythePartiesthereto.注释：(1) thesearticles：本条文(2) applyto：适用(3) 3)theextenttowhichthecreditsinquestionshallbeapplicable：其适用范围内(指该信用证适用范围内)(4) shallbebindingonthePartiestotheContract：

32、对合同各有关方面均具有约束力参考译文：本条文适用于一切跟单信用证，并包括在其适用范围内的备用信用证，除非另有约定，对合同各有关方面均具有约束力。例2Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecredit,bankswillacceptadocumentbearingadateofissuancepriortothatofthecredit,subjecttosuchdocumentbeingpresentedwithinthetimelimitsspecifiedinthecreditandinthesearticles.注释：(1) unlessotherwisespecif

33、iedinthecredit：除非信用证另有规定(2) 2)adocumentbearingadateofissuancepriortothatofthecredit：出单日期早于信用证开证日期的单据(3) withinthetimelimitsspecifiedinthecreditandinthesearticles：在信用证和本条文规定的时限之内参考译文：除非信用证另有规定，银行将授受出单日期早于信用证开证日期的单据，但该单据须在信用证和本条文规定的时限之内提交。例3Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecredit,bankswillrejectatransport

34、documentissuedbyaforwardingagent.ProvidedthatunlesssuchtransportdocumentistheFIATAcombinedTransportBillofLadingapprovedbytheInternationalChamberofCommerceorotherwisethetransportdocumentindicatesthatitisissuedbyaforwardingagentactingasacarrieroranagentofanamedcarrier.注释：1) unlessotherwise:除非(另有规定)2)

35、transportdocument：运输单据3) forwardingagent：运输行4) theFIATA：国际运输商协会联合会5) combinedTransportBillofLading：联合运输提单6) theInternationalChamberofCommerce：国际商会7) carrier：承运人参考译文：除非信用证另有规定，银行将拒受运输行出具的运输单据，但是有“国际运输商协会联合会”的联合运输提单或注明运输行作为承运人或某承运人的代理人出具的运输单据除外。例4Inthecaseofcarriagebyseaorbymorethanonemodeoftransporti

36、ncludingcarriagebysea,bankswillrefuseatransportdocumentstatingthatthegoodsareorwillbeloadedondeck,unlessotherwisespecificallyspecifiedandauthorizedinthecredit.注释：(1) carriagebyseaorbymorethanonemodeoftransport：海运或多种类型运输(2) beloadedondeck：装舱面(3) 3)unlessotherwisespecificallyspecifiedandauthorizedinth

37、ecredit：除非信用证特别授权参考译文：如属海运或多种类型运输中包括海运，除非信用证特别授权，银行将拒受注明货装舱面或要装舱面的运输单据。例5Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecredit,bankswillaccepttransportdocumentsindicatingthethirdpartyotherthanthebeneficiaryofthecreditastheconsignorofthegoods.注释：(1) unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecredit：除非信用证另有规定(2) thethirdpartyotherth

38、anthebeneficiaryofthecredit信用证受益人以外的第三者(3) 3)theconsignorofthegoods：发货人参考译文：除非信用证另有规定，银行将授受表明以信用证受益人以外的第三者作为发货人的运输单据。例6Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecredit,commercialinvoicesshallbemadeoutinthenameoftheapplicantforthecredit.Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecredit,banksmayrefusecommercialinvoicesissuedwit

39、hamountsexceedingthatspecifiedandpermittedbythecredit.注释：(1) commercialinvoice：商业发票(2) inthenameoftheapplicantforthecredit：信用申请人为抬头(3) 3)mayrefusecommercialinvoicesissuedwithamountsexceedingthatspecifiedandpermittedbythecredit：可拒受其金额超过信用证允许金额的商业发票；thatspecifiedandpermittedbythecredit：theamountspecif

40、iedandpermittedbythecredit信用证允许金额参考译文：除非信用证另有规定，商业发票必须做到以信用证申请人为抬头。除非信用证另有规定，银行可拒收其金额超过信用证允许金额的商业例7Wherever,intheprovisionsofthisContract,anysuchnotice,consent,approval,certificateordeterminationasaremadeandissuedbyanypersonarementioned,unlessotherwisespecifiedinthisContract,suchnotice,consent,appro

41、val,certificateordeterminationshallbeinwriting,andthewordsunotify”,“certify"or"determine“shallbeconstruedaccordingly.Providedthatanysuchconsent,approval,certificateordeterminationshallnotunreasonablybewithheldordelayed.注释：(1) intheprovisionsofthisContract：本合同条款中(2) 2)notice,consent,approva

42、l,certificateordetermination通知、同意、批准、证明或决定(3) shallbeconstruedaccordingly：据此解释(4) shallnotunreasonablybewithheldordelayed：者E不应被无故扣压或拖延参考译文：本合同条款中，无论何处提及由任何人发出或颁发的任何通知、同意、批准、证明或决定，除合同另有说明者外，均指书面的通知、同意、批准、证明或决定，而通知、证明或决定字样均应据此解释。对于任何此类通知、同意、批准、证明或决定都不应被无故扣压或拖延。例8UnlessotherwiseexpresslyspecifiedintheC

43、ontract,theEngineershallhavenoauthoritytorelievetheContractorofanyofhisobligationsundertheContract.注释：1）havenoauthoritytorelievetheContractorofanyofhisobligationsundertheContract：无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义务relievesb.ofsth.：解除某人的（权利、义务）参考译文：除在合同中明确规定外，工程师无权解除合同规定的承包人的任何义例9UnlessotherwiseagreedbythePartiestothe

44、Contract,allexpensesanddisbursements,suchascabling,travelingandotherexpensesincurredinconnectionwiththesaleofproducts,shallbebornebytheAgent.ProvidedthattheAgentshallalsobeartheexpensesformaintainingofficesandotherexpensesfortheperformanceoftheobligationsoftheSalesmenandfortheimplementationoftheinst

45、ructionsgivenbytheSeller.注释：1) allexpensesanddisbursements：所有的费用和支出2) cabling,traveling：电讯费，差旅费(3) providedthat：inaddition除此以外(这里表示进一步规定之意)(4) expensesformaintainingoffices：维持其办公处的费用(5) 5)theperformanceoftheobligationsoftheSalesmen：履行销售人员义务参考译文：除另有约定外，所有的费用和支出，如电讯费，差旅费以及其他有关商品销售的费用，都应由代理商承担。除此以外，代理商

46、还应承担维持其办公处的费用，及其它履行销售人员义务和执行卖方指示而发生的费用。例10UnlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedforinthisContract,theAgentshallhavenoobligationstoaccounttoanyBankforanyamountreceivedinrespectofanyloanmaintainedbytheAgentoranyofitsaffiliatesorfortheprofitsrelatedtotheloan.TheAgentanditsaffiliatesmaymakeloansto,acceptdepos

47、itsfrom,andgenerallyengageinanykindofbusinesswith,theBorrowerasthoughtheAgentinquestionwerenotasanAgent.注释：(1) unlessotherwiseexpresslyprovidedforinthisContract：除本合同另有明确规定外(2) generallyengageinanykindofbusinesswith,theBorrowerasthoughtheAgentinquestionwerenotasanAgent：并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样参考译文：

48、除本合同另有明确规定外，代理行没有义务向任何银行说明由于它或它的附属机构贷款而收到的金额或其利润。代理行及其附属机构可以向借款人贷款，接受借款人存款，并一般地与借款人进行各种经营活动，如同不是代理行一样。十四inaccordancewith;under;pursuantto释义：根据，按照用法：法律文件常用语，比accordingto正式例1OntheFOBbasis,theBuyershallbookshippingspaceinaccordancewiththedateofshipmentspecifiedintheContract.注释：(1)FOB=Freeonboard：船上交货。按

49、照1999年9月国际商会公布的2000年国际贸易术语解释通则的规定，采用该术语，卖方将货物在合同指定的装运港装到买方的船上，即完成交货。卖方承担货物越过船舷以前的风险和费用。买方则承担其后的一切风险和费用。采用这个术语，在FOB后面要注明装运港名称，如FOBShanghaio(2)bookshippingspace：洽定内仓位inaccordancewith:根据(3) thedateofshipment：装运日期参考译文：按照FOB条件，由买方负责根据合同规定的装运日期洽定舱位。Foreigntradedealersshall,inaccordancewithlaws,enjoyfullau

50、tonomyintheirbusinessoperationandberesponsiblefortheirownprofitsandlosses.注释:(1) foreigntradedealers：对外贸易经营者(2) fullautonomyintheirbusinessoperation：自主经营(3) beresponsiblefortheirownprofitsandlosses：自负盈亏参考译文：对外贸易经营者依法自主经营、自负盈亏。例3Thestaffandworkersofacompanymay,inaccordancewithlaws,organizeatradeunion

51、tocarryoutunionactivitiesandprotectthelawfulrightsandinterestsofthestaffandworkers.Thecompanyshallprovidethenecessaryconditionsforactivitiesofthetradeunionofthecompany.注释： 1) thestaffandworkersofacompany：公司职工 2) 2)organizeatradeuniontocarryoutunionactivities：组织工会，开展工会活动 3) 3)protectthelawfulrightsan

52、dinterestsofthestaffandworkers：维护职工的合法权益 4) conditionsforactivities：活动条件参考译文：公司职工依法组织工会，开展工会活动，维护职工的合法权益。公司应当为本公司工会提供必要的活动条件。例4If,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheprecedingparagraph,ashareholderfailstopayitssubscribedCapitalContribution,theshareholderinquestionshallbeartheresponsibilityofdefaulttot

53、heothershareholderswhohavefullypaidtheircapitalcontributions.注释：(1) subscribedCapitalContribution：所认缴的出资(2) shallbeartheresponsibilityofdefault：承担违约责任(3) 3)theothershareholderswhohavefullypaidtheircapitalcontributions：已足额缴纳出资的股东参考译文：股东不按照前款规定缴纳所认缴的出资，应当向已足额缴纳出资的股东承担违约责任。例5If,inaccordancewithlawsorad

54、ministrativeregulations,theexaminationandapprovalfromrelevantdepartmentsarerequired,theapprovaldocumentsshall,whenapplyingtoregistertheestablishmentofthecompany,besubmitted.注释：(1) lawsoradministrativeregulations：法律、行政法规(2) theexaminationandapproval：审批(3) 3)toregistertheestablishmentofthecompany：设立公司

55、登记(4) theapprovaldocumentsshallbesubmitted：提交批准文件参考译文：法律、行政法规规定需要经有关部门审批的，应当在申请设立公司登记时提交批准文件。例6Awhollystate-ownedcompanyshallestablishaboardofdirectors.Theboardshall,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofArticle46andArticle66ofthisLaw,exerciseandperformitsduties.Thetermofofficeoftheboardofdirectorsshallbet

56、hreeyears.注释：(Dawhollystate-ownedcompany：国有独资公司(5) aboardofdirectors：董事会(6) exerciseandperformitsduties：行使职权，履行职责(7) 4)Thetermofofficeoftheboardofdirectorsshallbethreeyears：董事会每届任期为三年。参考译文：国有独资公司设立的董事会，依照本法第四十六条，第六十六条规定履行职责。董事会每届任期为三年。例7When,underthelawsandapprovalfromtherelevantauthorities,alimited

57、liabilitycompany!sconvertedintoacompanylimitedbyshares,thetotalamountwhichsharesareconvertedintoshallbeequivalenttotheamountofthecompany5snetassets.注释：(Dalimitedliabilitycompanyisconvertedintoacompanylimitedbyshares：有限责任公司变更为股份有限公司(8) beequivalentto：相等(9) 3)theamountofthecompany'snetassets：公司净资产

58、额33vl.O可编辑可修改vl.O可编辑可修改参考译文：有限责任公司经批准变更为股份有限公司时，折合的股份总额应当相等于公司净资产额。例8Acompanylimitedbysharesshallhaveashareholders'genera1meetingmadeupofallshareholders.Theshareholders'generalmeetingshallbethecompany'sauthoritativeorganizationandshall,inaccordancewiththisLaw,exerciseitspowers.注释：(1)acompanylimitedbyshares：