主谓一致和就近就远原则

1、1/ 5主谓一致和就近就远原则就近一致原则也称“邻近原则”就“近一致原则 ”，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一 定是主语)在 “人称、人数 ”上一致。一、在正式文体中：1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：“therebe句型；oreither.or;nor;neither.nor;whether.or;not.but;notonly.but also等。Eg.(1) What he does or what he says does not concern me他 的行为或言谈与我无 关。(2) Neither you nor I am wron g.你和我都没错。(3) Not you but

2、 your father is to blame.不是你，而是你的父亲该受责备。(4) Not only you but (also) he is wrong.不仅你错了，他也错了。2.在倒装句中，谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。Eg.(1)In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and theshouts of thepeople.在远处，能听见鼓掌和人们的呼喊声。(2)There is (are) a pen and some books on the des桌上有一支钢笔和几本 书。非正式文体中：有时依 就近”和 意义”一致的原则；但语

3、法上，“noone”是主语，谓语要 改成“agrees”写作中”一般要依 语法一致”原则。总结：英语就近原则短语2/ 51. Therebe句型Thereisabookandsomepencilsonthedesk.=Therearesomepencilsandabookonthedesk.2. Neither.nor.Neither you nor he is right.=Neither he nor you are right.3. either.or.Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.=Either Jim or

4、 they aregoing to Shanghai next Saturday.4. not only.but also.Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.=Notonly Annparentsbut alsoshestays athome everySunday.就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;Ratherthan;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from例子：He

5、rather than I isright.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.主谓一致一、当主语后面与with,aswellas,but,except,like,ratherthan,no lessthan,besides,including等+名词或代词连用时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一 致。1.Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass,_visitinga museum when theearthquake struck.A. was B.were C.had been D.would be2.Al

6、ibrarywithfivethousandbooks_tothenationasagift.A.is offeredB. has offered3/ 5C. are offered D.have offered3. E-mail,as well as telephone,_an important part in dailycommunication.A. is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play4. Nobody but Jane_the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known5. All

7、 but one_here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were二、当either.or.;neither.nor.;not only.but also.等连接并列主语时，谓 语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致。6. Either you or the headmaster_the prizes to these giftedstudents at themeeting.A.was handing out B.are to hand outC.are handing out D.is to hand out7._ Not only I but also Jane

8、 and Marytiredof having oneexamination afteranother.A.is B.are C.am D.be三、当“the only one of复数名词+定语从句”且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式，当“one of复数名词+定语从句”且关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式。8. Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_awinnerofscholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been9.She is one of

9、 the few girls who_in the kindergarten.A.is well paidB. are well paidC. is paying well D.are paying well4/ 5四、 当news,means,maths,plastics,physics等在形式上是复数概念，而在意义 上是单数概念的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。10. Everypossiblemeans_topreventthepollution,buttheskyis still not clear.A.is used B.are used C.has been used D.hav

10、e been used五、 当分数（百分数）+of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后面名词的数。11. _ ofthelandinthatdistrcit_ coveredwithtreesandglass.A.Two fifth;isB.Two fifth;areC.Two fifths;isD.Two fifths;are六、the number of.（.的数目）短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当anumber of.（许多.）短语作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。12. Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absent for differentreasons.A.were;was B.was;was C.was;was D.were;were七、 当 “疑问词+不定式”结构作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形