感官动词和使役动词

1、7感官动词和使役动词n使役动词，比如let make have就是3个比较重要的have sb to do没有这个用法的 只有have sb doing.听凭某人做某事 have sb do让某人做某事have sth done让某事被完成（就是 让别人做）另外：使役动词1. 使役动词是表示使、令、让、帮、叫等意义的不完全及物 动词,主要有make（使, 令）,let（让）,hel p（帮助）,have（叫）等。2. 使役动词后接受词,再接原形不定 词作受词补语。He made me laugh.I let him go.I helped him rep air the car.Please

2、have him come here.3. 使役动词还可以接过去分词作受词补语。I have my hair cut every mon th.4. 使役动词的被动语态的受词补语用不定词,不用原形不定 词。（主）He made me laugh.（被）I was made to laugh by him.使役动词有以下用法：a. have somebody do sth让某人去做某事?i had him arrange for a car.b. have somebody doing sth.让某人持续做某事。?he had us laugh ing all through lun ch.注意

3、：用于否定名 时，表示 允许”i wont have you running around in the house.*小议使役动词”的用法1. have sb do 让某人干某事e.g:What would you have me do?have sb/sth doing让某人或某事处于某种状态，听任e.g: I wont have wome n work ing in our company.The two cheats had the light burning all ni ght long.have sth done让别人干某事，遭受到e.g:you d better have yo

4、ur teeth p ulled out.He had his p ocket p icked.notes: done这个动 作不是主 语发出来的。2. make sb do sth让某人干某事e.g:They made me rep eat the story.What makes the grass grow?no tes: I was made to rep eat the story.make sb/sth don e/adj./ne.g. The n ews made him happy.He could nt make himself heard above the noise o

5、f the traffic.His actions made him uni versally resp ected.He made her his wife.3. get sb to do使某人干某事e.g: I cant get anyone to do the work prop erly.get sth do ne让别人干某事e.g: I must get my hair cut.Can you get the work fini shed in time?4.leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事e.g: We left him to paint the gate.r I

6、I leave you to settle all the bus in ess.leave sb doing让继续处 于某种状态e.g: Dont leave her wait ing outside in the rain.We left him pain ti ng the gate.leave sth don e/adj./prep.p hrasee.g:P lease excuse me if I have left any of your questi ons unan swered. His ill ness has left him weak.I was left with a

7、 ray of hope.A）感官动词（及物）有：see/no tice/look_at/watch/no tice/observe/liste n_to/hear/feel（Vt）/taste（Vt）/smell（Vt）（B）连缀动词（含感官不及物）-be/get/become/feel/look/so un d/smell/taste/kee p/stay/seem/app ear/grow/turn/prove/remai n/go/ru n一、see, hear, feel, watch, look，这五个动词均可作连系动词，后面接形容 词作表语, 说明主语所处的状态。其意思分 别为”

8、看/听/闻/尝/摸起来。除look之外，其 它几个动词的主语往往是物，而不是人。例如：These flowers smell very sweet.这些花 闻起来很香。The tomatoes feel very soft.这些西红柿 摸起来很软。二、这些动词后面也可接介 词like短语，like后面常用名 词。例如：Her idea sou nds like fu n.她的主意听起 来很有趣。三、这五个感官动词也可作实义动词，除look（当看起来讲时）只能作不及物 动词外，其余四个既可作及物动词也可作不及物 动词，其主语通常是人。例如：She smelt the meat.她闻了闻那块肉。I

9、 felt in my pocket for cigarettes.我用手在口袋里摸香烟。四、taste, smell作不及物 动词时，可用于taste / smell + of +名词结构，意为有味道/气味。例如：The air in the room smells of earth.房间里的空 气有股泥土味。五、它们（sound除外）可以直接作名 词,与have或take构成短语。例如：May I have a taste of the mooncakes?我可以尝一口这月饼吗？六、其中look, sou nd, feel还能构成look / sou nd / feel + as if +

10、从句”结构，意为”看 起来/听起来/感觉好像。例如：It looks as if our class is going to win.看来好像我 们班要获胜 了1.在表示生理感 觉的动词后的不定式不 带to。这类词有：feel 觉 得 observe 注意至U, 看至Uoverhear听至Uwatch 注视 listen to 听 perceive 察觉，感知notice 注意 see 看见 look at 看 hear 听经典例子On seeing the young child fell into the lake , Eric sprang to his feet , and went

11、on the rescue.还有 上述感觉动词与使役动词(如make, let, have等)转换为被动结构时.其后的 不定式一般需 带to,如：He was see n to come.The boy was made to go to bed early. 在动词find与help之后，不定式可 带to亦可不带to,如：He was surp rised to find the shee p (to) break fence at this seas on .他 发现 羊在此季 节 越出栅栏，感到惊讶。2. 超级深入的介绍(由于太多，挑了个经典的来介绍一下)Feel和Feeling感觉的正

12、确用法 .基本说明feel是感官动词，后面通常接形容词来形容感觉，如果需要后接一个句子，则用 feel like 或 feel as if/though 带出。feeling 是它的名词，当在描述你的感觉时多用复数形式加上-so 错误发生及修正A. feel后面接了不正确的词性例: I feel terribly about this accident. (X)I feel terrible about this accident. (O)记得feel后面要接形容 词，其它类似的感官 动 词包括smell (闻起来),sou nd (听起来),taste偿起来)等，另外等于be动词作用的连缀动

13、词look (看起来),seem (好像是)后面也是接形 容词。B. 用到feel like但是后面没有接子句例: You feel like in a jungle when you live in the city. (X)You feel like you are in a jun gle whe n you live in the city. (O)feel like还有feel as if/though后面都是接有主 词有动词的子句。C. feeling用了单数表达感觉例: It is necessary to express your feeling from time to ti

14、me. (X)It is n ecessary to exp ress your feeli ngs from time to time. (O)不时表达你的感觉是必要的。feelings用复数形是指你对某事的看法 观感。例: My own feelings are that you shouldn t be so mean to your si例ter.He used to hide his feeli ngs in front of people.3其它记法感 feel,二听 hear, listen to,三让 have, let, make,四看 see, look at, obser

15、ve, watch 注意”观察”听到” see还有feel和watch,使用它们要仔细，后接动词不定式做 宾语补足语省略不定式符 号“ to,此点千万要牢记。4. 类似的介绍表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活 动的动词不可用于 进行时。believe, doubt, see, hear, know, un dersta nd, bel ong, think, con sider, feel, look, seem, show, mind, have sound, taste, require, po ssess, care, like ,hate, love, detest, desire. 简单记

16、忆：永远不要说I m believingor He is seeing a house简单说这些词后面不要随意加-in g.注意：have a party/think about可以用 进行时，因为这里的” have意为 举行” ；“ think “意为考虑”牛津实用英语语法273位于表示感 觉的动词之后A这类表示感觉的动词主要有see, hear, feel, smell以及listen (to), notice和 watch。它们可与宾语+现在分词连用：I see him p ass ing my house every day.Didn t you hear the clock stri

17、kingI felt the car skidding .She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising .I watched them rehearsing the play .B) 由现在分词表示的动作可以是到目前已 结束的，也可以是仍在 进行的。I saw him changing the wheel (我看见他换轮子)可以指看 见了动作的整个过程，也可指只 看见动作的一部分。B see, hear, feel以及listen (to), notice和watch后面也可接宾语+不带to的 不定式：We saw him leave the

18、 house.I heard him make arrangements for his journey .C) 这里的不定式含有整 个动作结束了的意思，I saw him changethe wheel意指我看 到了动作的全过程。C两种形式的比较由于现在分词既可表示动作到目前 为止已结束，也可表示仍在 进行之中，所以 它 的用法较为普遍。但意欲强调这一动作到目前为止已经结束时，要用不带to的不 定式。此外，表 达一连串的动作时它比分词形式在形式上要 简练些：I saw him enter the room , uniock a drawer, take out a document, pho

19、to-graph it and put it back我看见他进了屋，打 开抽屉，拿出文件，拍完照又放了回去。D在被动语态中，句子的 动词之后要用带to的不定式：He was heard to say that the minister had been bribed .人家听见他说部长受贿了。感观动词 都是系动词,后面通常是加名 词,俗称系表结构感官 动词 有(see,watch,observe,look at, hear, listen to ,notice);感官动词有一个重要用法：感官 动词+宾语+do，在用作被 动语态要补出to.例如：1 heard her sing an En g

20、lish song just now.She was heard to sing an En glish song just now.另外，使役 动词包括(have,let,make)也有这种用法。如：I saw him go up stairs just now.He was see n to go up stairs just now感官动词一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三看see,notice,observe等一般后面可以加 动词 原形或者 动词ing形式，如see sb do sth和see sb doing sth后者强调看见某人正在 做某事。而使役 动词 Let,

21、make,have,get,基本形式 let/make/have sb do sth,而 get sb to do sth。这几个使役动词要注意的是在他 们的被动态中，除了 let,其他的to都 要还原，也就是比如 说 make sb do sth-sb be made to do。而 let。i let him go.-he is let go.使役動詞的用法所謂使役，就是叫人家去做事情，如： 不同的時態，動詞仍是用原形。1. 老師叫John到辦公室拿他的書2. 爸爸叫我明天下午要洗車子3. 王先生昨天讓他們坐在那邊。The teacher made Joh n get his book i

22、n the office.Father makes me wash the car tomorrow after noon.Mr. Wang let them sit there yesterday. （let 的過去式）Pro fessor Villa had her stude nts read four short no vels in one week He made me laugh. 他使我笑了。I let him go.我讓他走了。我幫他修汽車。 請叫他到這來。I helped him rep air the car. please have, him come here.要加t

23、o的II decide to set them free.I told her to wait a mome nt.The teacher wan ted Joh n to get his book in the office. Father wants me to wash the car tomorrow after noon.背下底下的片語:n eed to .learn to .want （人）to .Mr. Wang asked them to sit there yesterday. .I n eed Jack to an swer the questi on.tell 人 to

24、.decide to .1. The dish smells delicious.2. What does the cake look like?3. The n ews made her an gry.4. I saw them p lay ing basketball in the gym yesterday.5. I feel like tak ing a hot-s pring bath.I make Tom fix the compu terYour words made me happy.Ving 動名詞He forgot to close the window.（忘記關窗戶）He

25、 forgot closing the window.（忘記自己有關窗戶 ） PI ease remember to write a letter.（記得去寫一封信 ） I remember writing a letter.（記得自己寫了一封信 ） He stops smoking.（停止吸煙）He stops to smoke.（停下來去吸煙）有些動詞後則可接不定詞禾動名詞當作介詞的受詞|be afraid of, think of, worryabout, talk about, be careful about, be good at感官動詞句型S+感官動詞+受詞+原形動詞I saw

26、him drink a Coke表事實-主動1We watched the children p lay basketball.S+感官動詞+受詞+動名詞Ving 強調動作正在進行 II saw her drinking a cup of coffeeThey saw the boy playing the piano辨析I saw him leave the house.I saw him leav ing the house.雖然兩句話的中文都可以是我看見他離開這間房子，但是有意義上的差。第一句是我目睹了他離開房子的整個過程，動作從頭到尾我都看見了 第二句是正在離開房子時，我看到了，是 動

27、作進行中所見的。ls+感官動詞+受詞+過去分詞I saw Tom sent to hos pital.我看見Tom被送進了醫院Joh n saw the man kno cked dow n by the car.約翰看見這名男子被車撞倒S+感官動詞+形容詞IThe song sounds wonderfulMary looked angry todayls+感官動詞+like +名詞I表示被動 IKevin looks flow nSn ake meOlia人esGke chicke n使役动词have的用法：有这样一个句子：He had his favorite Alsatian dog

28、poisoned and two other dogs in the household shot .他 命令把他心 爱的阿尔萨斯狼犬毒死，将家中的另两条狗击毙。此句中的 结构“have+名词+ done中的have是使役动词（causative verb）。表示让某人来完成某动作”。表示使役意 义的have，主要用于以下三 种结构中：1. have +宾语+过去分词这种结构一般有两种意义，一为 致使”，二为被动。前者表示主 语的意志致使某 事发生或被做到，后者 则与主观意志完全无 关。1）表示主观的意志I must have this table photocopied .我必须（找人）把这

29、个表格复印出来。Those plants are not suitable for that part of the garden . I should have them pulled up . 那些植物在 园子里的那个地方不太合适。我要（叫人）把 它们拔掉。表示主观意志的have也可以用get代替，例如：Where can I get （have） this printed ?我在哪里能（找人）把这份东西打印出来呢？Hell get （have） his teeth knocked down one of these days .他迟早有一天会挨揍的。2）与主观意志完全无关He has h

30、is leg broken in a fall .他的腿 摔断 了。I had my pocket picked on the subway .我在地 铁里，口袋被人掏了。2. have +宾语+不定式（不带to）这种结构一般表示让某人做某事”。例如：I have my children clean the house before you arrive .在你们来 之前，我让孩子们把屋子打 扫干净了。Our manager wont have us criticize his work .我们经理不许我们批评他的工作。I should like to have you meet Mr . D

31、avis .我想让你和戴维斯先生认识一下。这个结构中have有时也可以用get代替，但这时后面的动词不定式需带to,例如：I got him to write a letter to my employer .我要他 写一封信 给我的雇主。Get him to come early .叫他早点 来。3. have这种结构某事。1）have+宾语+现在分词有两种意思，一是使某人做某事，二是与否定词连用，表示不许某人做+宾语+现在分词（叫某人做某事）We fin ally man aged to have her talk ing about herself .我们终于使她开始谈自己的事。Well

32、 soon have your car going again .我们 很快就 会让你 的汽车重新开动起来。2）not have +宾语+现在分词（不许某人做某事）I wont have you smok ing in the sitt ing room .I cant have my son doing such a thing .感官动词和使役动词巩固练习题1、I have heard both teachers and studentswell of him.A to sp eak B sp oken C to have sp oken D sp eak2、They are going

33、to have the servicemanan electric fan.A install B to install C to be installed D installed3、They ll have youif you don t pay your taxes.A to be arrested B arrest C arrested D being arrested4、They know her very well. They had seen herupA grow B grew C was growing D to grow5、Is this fridgeyou wish to

34、have?A the one, it rep aired B that, rep aired itC the one, rep airedD which, rep aired6、When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult.A making understand me B to make myself understoodC to make myself understand7、-Good morning, Can I help you?-I d like to have this packagemadam.A

35、be weighed B to be weighed C to weigh D weighed8、The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself.A hear B having heard C hearing D heard9、Jane was made tothe truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washing C to be washing D wash10、 The missing boys were last seennear the river.A p

36、laying B to be playing C play D playing11、The police were told that some boys were seenon the street.A playing B to be playing C play D playing12、Paul doesn t have to be made.He always works hard.A to learn B learn C learned D learning13、 Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth.A filling B filled C to fill D fill14、The manager discussed the plan that they would like to seethe nextdoor.A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out15、If you want to