【师说】2019届高考英语二轮复习专题练习：专题4语法填空(1)(含解析)

1、强化训练15语法填空(一)(45 分钟，100 分)AThe Pacific Ocea nThe Pacific Ocea n is the _1_ (large) of the Earths ocea ns, coveri ng about46%of the Earths water surface and 32% of its total surface area. It exte nds _2_ the_Arctic in the north to the Antarctica in the south, _3_(surround) by Asia and Australia in th

2、e west and theAmericas in the east.The Pacific Ocea n contains about 25,000 isla nds. The _4_ (major) of them are found south of theequator. _5_ water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes ( 中纬度)for_6_(abundance) equatorial precipitation (赤道降水)throughout the year.The su

3、rface circulati on of Pacific waters is _7_ (ge neral) clockwise in the Norther n Hemisphereand coun ter-clockwise in the Souther n Hemisphere.The exploitati on of the Pacifics mi neral wealth is various, _8_ is in flue need by the oceansgreat depths. In shallow waters off the coasts of Australia an

4、d New Zeala nd, n atural gas is produced, andpearls _9_ (harvest) along the coasts of Australia, Japa n and the Philipp in es. One more thing worth_10_ (me ntion) is that the Pacifics greatest wealth is its fish.1 . _2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._9._ 10._【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界上最大的大洋一一太平洋。1.解析：考查形容词最高级。

5、根据句意及空前的“ the ”可知，此处应该使用形容词的 最高级形式。答案：largest2 .解析：考查介词。此处指它从北半球的北极延伸到南半球的南极地区。from 与后面的“ to ”形成对应。答案：from3.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作伴随状语，且由空格后的“ by”可知，此处指的是太平洋被围绕，表被动，故应用过去分词。答案：surrounded4.解析：考查名词。由空前的“ The”和空后的“ of ”可知，这里应填一个名词。major本身可以作名词，表示“专业”，显然不符合语境。此处应用majority “大部分”。答案：majority5.解析：考查冠词。

6、根据 water 后面的修饰语“ near the equator ”可知，此处应用定 冠词 The表特指。答案：The6. 解析：考查形容词。根据语境和句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语修饰名词，故应用 其形容词形式。答案：abundant7.解析：考查副词。此处表示通常，太平洋水域的表面循环在北半球是顺时针方向的，在南半球是逆时针方向的。应用副词修饰整个句子，故用gen erally。答案：gen erally8.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The exploitation，且在从句中作主语，故只能用which。答案：which9.解析：考

7、查时态和语态。根据句子结构可知，pearls 与 harvest 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且本文的基本时态为一般现在时，故此处也需用一般现在时，故填 are harvested。答案：are harvested10.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作worth 的宾语，worth 后接动词时应用其-ing 形式，即用主动形式表被动含义。worth doing sth.值得做某事”。答案：men ti oningBEvery one seems _1_ (have) his or her own holiday. Dad has Fathers Day. Mom has

8、MothersDay. Children have Childrens Day. Lovers have Valentines Day. But is there a special day _2_ olderpeople?Of course. The Chon gya ng Festival is the holiday _3_ Chin ese people show love for their elders._4_ (cebrate) on the ninth day of the ninth lunar mon th, the festival is also known as th

9、e Double NinthFestival. Nine is the _5_ (high) digit (数字),so it _6_ (regard) that the two together mean a long life.The festival comes during _7_ golden timeof autumn. The clear weather andthejoy of harvest make for a happy atmosphere. On the day, people _8_ (traditi onal)climb a moun tai nand carry

10、 dogwood ( 茱萸).People in ancient times _9_ (believe) that the plant could drive away evil_10_ _ (spirit) and prevent peopleagainst coldin wi nter.1 . _2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._9. _ 10._【语篇解读】 本文是说明文，简单地介绍了中国的传统节日一一重阳节。1 .解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指每个人似乎都有自己的节日。seem 后接动词不定式作宾语。答案：to have2.解析：考查介词。此处表示老人的节日，强调“对象

11、”，故用介词for。答案：for3.解析：考查定语从句。重阳节是中国人向年长的人表达关爱的节日。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间的holiday，且空处在从句中作时间状语，故用whe n。答案：when4.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，celebrate 与其逻辑主语 the festival 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。答案：Celebrated5.解析：考查形容词最高级。“9”被认为是最大的个位数字。根据空前的“ the ”可知，此处应用 high 的最高级形式。答案：highest6. 解析：考查时态和语态。人们认为两个“ 9”意味着长寿。根据上下文

12、可知此处用一 般现在时，且 it 与 regard 之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。答案：is regarded7.解析：考查冠词。此处指秋天的黄金时期，是特指，故用定冠词the。答案：the8 .解析：考查副词。所填词修饰整个句子，故要用副词形式。traditionally“传统地”。答案：traditionally9.解析：考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“ in ancient times ”可知此处要用一般过去 时。答案：believed10 .解析：考查名词复数。spirit在这里表示“幽灵，鬼魂”，是可数名词，故用复数形式。答案：spiritsCThere is good a

13、nd bad news about the number of trees on our planet. The good newsis _1_ there are seve n times more trees tha n we _2_ (th ink). A few years ago, scie ntists estimatedthe world had 400 billio n trees, but a new study makes a _3_(calculate) that there are around three trilliontrees. Thats a three _4

14、_ (follow)by 12 zeroes. But Dr Thomas Crowther told the BBC that this new nu mber is un able_5_ (cha nge) anything.What is the bad news? Thousands of years ago, the earth had around six trillion trees. Humanactivity has cut the number of trees on the planet _6_ half. A good example of this is _7_ fa

15、ct thatEurope used to be one of the gia nt forests. Dr Crowther said people are _8_ (responsibility) for theloss of three trilliontrees.Another 15 billion trees are lost each year because of deforestation (毁林)andfarmland. The scientistssaid this figure is“_9_ (extreme) higher ” than a centuryago. Dr

16、 Crowther added,“This study highlights how much more effort _10_ (need)if we are to restore healthy forestsworldwide. ”1 . _2._ 3._4._5._ 6._7._8._9. _ 10._【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。文中介绍了地球上树木的现有量。1 .解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句成分和句意完 整，故用 thato答案：that2.解析：考查时态。这里说的是“比我们原本以为的”，故要用一般过去时。答案：thought3.解析：考查名词。根

17、据空前的“ a”可知此处要用名词形式。答案：calculation4 .解析：考查非谓语动词。follow 与 three 之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词 作定语。答案：followed5.解析：考查非谓语动词。be (un) able to do sth. 意为“(不)能做某事”，是常用 表达。答案：to change6.解析：考查介词。in half 意为“减半”。答案：in7.解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处应该用定冠词the 特指 facto答案：the8 .解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处指人们应该为树木的减少负责。be responsiblefor “对.负责”是固定

18、搭配，故填responsible。答案：responsible9.解析：考查副词。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处修饰形容词higher，应用副词形式。答案：extremely10 .解析：考查主谓一致、时态和语态。这项研究表明，如果要在世界范围内恢复健康 的森林，那我们需要再做多少努力。主句主语effort 与 need 之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。“ how much more effort ”的谓语应用单数，故应填 is needed。此处也可理解为表示将 来要发生的动作，故主句可用一般将来时。答案：is needed/will be neededDWe thi nk that life

19、 in Chin ese high school is an adve nture in which we have to survive mountains ofhomework and exams. Yet would it be _1_ (surprise) if I tell you that high school life in the US is almostas stressful and dema nding as it is in Chi na?In US high school, everyth ing _2_ (record) and graded, in cludi

20、ng your gradeson quizzes, tests and final exam in atio ns. Fail ing _3_ (tur n) in yqpr homework on time will directlyaffect your grade for acertain course. Perhaps contrary to _4_we used to think of the US high school stude nts, they pay great atte nti on to their_5_(academy) performa nee to try to

21、 get into disti nguished uni versity. _6_ ,theyll be disappo in ted after graduatio n from high school.Like uni versity stude nts, the US high school stude nts have the _7_ (free) to _ choose the coursesthat most in terest _8_ (they). Even a9th-grader can sit _9_the same classroom as 12th-graders. B

22、ut this also means he or she has to work very hard, because theteacher will not treat him or her differe ntly just because he orshe is a few years _10_ (young)1 . _2._ 3._ 4._5._ _ 6._ 7._8.9. _ 10._【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国学生的高中生活。1. 解析：考查分词形容词。此处是现在分词作形容词，意为“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。答案：surprising2.解析：考查动词的时态和语

23、态。everything和谓语record 之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示客观情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态，即is recorded ，与 graded 呼应。答案：is recorded3.解析：考查非谓语动词。fail to do sth.意为“不能做某事”，为固定搭配。答案：to turn4. 解析：考查名词性从句。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，表示物的概念，故填 what。答案：what5 .解析：考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词， 故用形容词 academic 修饰名词 performanee ,作定语。答案：academic6. 解析： 考查副词。 根据语境可知， 此处表示否

24、则他们高中毕业后就会感到失望， 故用 副词 otherwise，意为“否则，作状语。答案：Otherwise7.解析：考查名词。由定冠词the 可知，此处应用名词，即freedom。答案：freedom8 .解析：考查代词。此处应用宾格形式，作动词in terest的宾语，故用 them。答案：them9.解析：考查介词。in the classroom 意为“在教室里”，符合语境，故用介词in。答案：in10 .解析：考查形容词比较级。根据上文可知，9 年级和 12 年级的学生比较，自然是年轻一些，故用形容词的比较级形式，即younger。答案：youngerEStyrofoam is pl

25、astic _1_ a bad reputati on.Itcannot be recycled withoutreleasing (释放)dangerous pollutants intothe air.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency_2_(say) it is the fifthlargestcreatorof dan gerous waste.Scien tists from the U . S. and Chi na have discovered that mealworms can digest plastic. Onemealwo

26、rm can digest apill-sized amount of plastic a day.Study co-author Wei-Min Wu says that in 24 hours, the plastic _3_(turn) into carb on dioxide.Are the worms hurt by _4_(eat) plastic? The study found that worms eat ing Styrofoam were as_5_ health) as worms eating bran(糠).Styrofoam is a lightweight ma

27、terial, about 95 percentair, with very good insulationproperties( 绝缘性),according to Earthsource. org. It is used in products from _6_(cup) that keep yourdrinks hot or cold to packaging materials _7_ protect items duri ng shipp ing.“Solving _8_ problem of plastic pollution is important. Landfill spac

28、e isbecoming limited , ” says Wu, a Stanford Universityenvironmentalengineeringin structor.About 33 million tons of plastic are thrown away in the United States every year. Plastic plates, cupsand containers take _9_ 25 perce nt to 30 perce nt of space inAmericas Iandfills.One Styrofoam cup takes mo

29、re than 1 million years _10_ (recycle)in a Ian dfill, accord ing to Clevela nd State Uni versity.1 . _2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._9. _ 10._【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中美科学家发现大黄粉虫的幼虫能消化塑料垃圾。1.解析：考查介词。with a bad reputation 表示有坏名声”。答案：with2.解析：考查动词时态和主谓一致。文章时态以一般现在时为主，且主语为单数名词， 故填 says。答案：says3.解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。

30、主语the plastic为不可数名词，与turn之间构成动宾关系，且该句为一般现在时，故填is turned 。答案：is turned4.解析：考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后接动名词作宾语，故填eating。答案：eating5.解析：考查形容词。系动词后用形容词作表语，故填healthy。答案：healthy6.解析： 考查名词复数。 分析句子结构可知，空后that 引导的定语从句中的谓语动词为 keep，故应用复数名词cups。答案：cups7.解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，从句缺少主语且指 代物，故填that 或 which。答案：that/which8.

31、解析： 考查冠词。因 problem后有 of plastic pollution作后置定语，表示特指， 故填 the。答案：the9.解析：考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示“占据 (take up) ”，故填 up。 答案：up10. 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据sth./sb. takes some time to do sth. ”结构可知， 此处应填 torecycle。答案：to recycleFWhat defi nes a healthy city? Is it a place with a lot of ope n spaces _1_people_can exercise

32、and enjoy the fresh air? A place with little or no polluti on? A placein which people can _2_(free) socialize and express their ideas? Perhaps, its all that plus more. Otherconsiderations are the availability of health and fitnessfacilities, an excellent healthcare program and sincereefforts by _3_

33、localgovernment to actively promote health and wellness among its citizens. Of all the cities in the world, one ofthe top six _4_(healthy) cities is Copenhagen, Denmark.Cope nhage ners love to walk. Foot traffic acco unts _5_ 80% of all traffic inthe Copenhagen city center. Those who prefer it can also bike. It is estimated thatmore than a third of all work trips in Copenhagen _6_ (carry) out on a bike. As for the climate here, thecity does not have the blessing of pleasant weather all year round. _7_ everyth i