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1、1、Why aren ' t women happier these days? That ' s the question raised by a thought-provoking study- The Paradox of Decli ning Female Happ in ess' released last mon th. The research showed that over the past 35 years wome n ' s happ in ess has decli ned, both compared to the past and

2、relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of wome n in the U.S. have improved in recent decades.The research, by Uni versity of Penn sylva nia econo mists Betsey Steve nson and Just in Wolfers, released by the Nati onal Bureau of Econo mic Research, found the decli ne in hap

3、p in ess to be pervasive among wome n across a variety of demographic groups. The researchers measured similar decli nes in happ in ess among wome n who were sin gle pare nts and married pare nts. They cast doubt on the hypothesis that trends in marriage and divorce, sin gle pare nthood or work/fami

4、ly bala nee are at the root of the happ in ess decli nes among wome n.One theory for the decli ne in happ in ess is that expectatio ns for workplace and gen eral adva nceme nt were raised too high by the wome n ' s moveme nt and wome n might feel in adequate for not hav ing it all. The researche

5、rs ack no wledge that is a possibility. They think that if the Women' s Movement raised women' s expectations faster than society was able to meet them, the wome n would be more likely disappo in ted by their actual life experie nces. But the researchers also add that things could change for

6、 the better, as women ' s expectations move into alignment with their experie nces, this decli ne in happ in ess may reverse.Gen der Differe nces in MathMany teachers and pare nts have said it. It is sort of a thought in gra ined in the America n psyche that boys are better tha n girls at mathem

7、atics. But is it true? The lack of wome n mathematicia ns, engin eers and physicists has often bee n cited as proof of a differeneein the sexes in math performanee. But today a team of researchers writingin the journal Scienee says the conventionalwisdom is completely wrong. With our closerlook, her

8、e is ABC ' s Ned Potter.15 years ago, it was an issue that filled the headli nes that by high school,girls were falling 50 points behind boys on the SAT college entranee exam. (It' s thecoefficient of A.) Here' s part of a story of ours from 1994."For any time I see math, I just, I

9、try and stay away from it.”But something ' s changed. This is Ramona; she was a baby when we did that first story. Now she is buildi ng robots in a special course of the New Jersey In stitute of Tech no logy. And she says she loves the stuff.“ What is it about math that you like?”“The fact that

10、I understand it so cruising like sometimes I don' t have tostudy to actually get it. It just comes n atural to me.”Researchers looked at test scores from more tha n 7 millio n kids grades 2 to 11, and whatever differe nces there used to be, they are now gone.What' s happe ned? Among other th

11、in gs, hi-tech has tur ned cool with every onetexti ng and dow nl oad ing, and some people gett ing very rich.(“ Plans need a gas called.” )And teachers have been reaching out aggressively to girls, urging them to get in on the acti on.(“500 points for you. ” )“ Being in terested in scie nee, engin

12、eeri ng and tech no logy is not, does notmake you a geek, and as a matter of fact, it' s the geeks who rule the world.”The result, for the first time girls are tak ing math as ofte n as boys.“ I feel like I am lear ning a lot more this year.”“ We are not born knowing how to do calculus. And whe

13、n girls take classes atthe same rate as boys, we tend to get a n arrow ing of the gen der gap.”2、Most of America ' s engineers are still men, but that' s changing. Half of the kids who go on to get math degrees are now female.Men May Be from Venus Toofb“Men and wome n might be on the same pl

14、a netary wavele ngth after all. Accord ing to Psychologist Professor Janet Hyde at the University of Wisconsin, men and womenare more alike tha n differe nt in pers on ality, commu ni cati on, cog nitive ability and leadership than is gen erally believed.The studies looked at cog nitive abilities, s

15、uch as the ability to do mathematics, verbal and non verbalcommu ni cati on,aggressi on, leadership, self-esteem, moralreasoningand motor behaviour, such as throwingdistaneeand found large genderdifferencesin throwingdistanee,and attitudes about casual sex, and a moderatediffere nee in aggressi on.

16、But for most psychological characteristics, she found no differe nces betwee n men and wome n.Hyde found evidenee that differencesbetween men and womenare linked to society ' sexpectati on of how they should behave. For in sta nee, wome n smiled more tha n men whe n observed but this was not the

17、 case whe n they thought they were not being observed. Hyde said the findings provide stro ng evide nee aga inst the idea that psychologicaldifferencesbetween men and womenare “large and stable ”.Besides these social expectations,over-inflatingclaims of differences between menand wome n can be damag

18、 ing. After exam ining the gen der differe nces in math performa nee in high school, Hyde revealed that it could be due to parents 'having lower expectationsof their daughters ' success in math and thus affect ingher self -eon fide nee andperforma nee.She also found women ' s success as

19、w orkplace leaders can also be hindered if they go aga inst the cari ng and n urturi ng stereotype.3、So it' s really amazing how people ' s perceptions of themselves and their own behaviours are in fact a reflecti on of assumpti ons and con structs in society.“ Most people you meet know more

20、 about comics than I do, ” laughs Naif Al -Mutawa, creator of The 99, the world ' s first comic -book series whose superheroes are based on Islamic culture.“ Stren gth, honor, truth, mercy, inven ti on, gen erosity, wisdom, tolera nee theseare some of the superpowers possessed by my heroes, ” em

21、phasizes Al - Mutawa. “ No one hero has more tha n a sin gle power, and no power is expressed to the degree that God possesses it, ' ' he adds. There are 99 you ng heroes from 99 countries, from all walks of life. All of them are Muslim, but not all are Arabs, and the n umber is almost eve n

22、ly split betwee n boys and girls. As Al-Mutawa expla ins,when ever these characterscollaborate to solve problems, there is an implicit message of toleraneeand acceptanee,a theme cen tral to the series.Un like many comic book heroes, the 99 do not use weap ons.“ They use the gifts theyhave with in th

23、emselves, ” Al - Mutawa no tes, addi ng that“ The 99 is not about what kidsshould n ' t be doin g. It ' s about lear ning how to use the power with in them to make adiffere nee. ”4、Although the series is not religious, it aims to communicate Islamic virtues which are, as viewed by Dr. Al-Mut

24、awa, uni versal in n ature.“ The 99 is all about making a con scious choice notto let others defi ne who you are. It is about being proactive in choos ing the backdrop aga inst which you are to be judged. Islamic culture and Islamic heritage have a lot to be proud and joyful about. The 99 is about b

25、ringing those positive elements into global awareness. Now it does. ” The Dan ger of a Sin gle Story (Part I)I ' m a storyteller. And I would like to tell you a few personal stories about whatI' d like to call “ the dan ger of the sin gle story.”I was an early writer. And whe n I bega n to w

26、rite stories in pen cil with crayon illustrati ons that my poor mother was obligated to read, I wrote exactly the kinds of stories I was read ing. All my characters were white and blue-eyed. They played in the snow. They ate apples. Now, this despite the fact that I lived in Nigeria. I had n ever be

27、e n outside Nigeria. We did n ' t have snow. We ate man goes.I come from a conven ti on al, middle-class Nigeria n family. And so we had, as was the no rm, live-i n domestic help, who would ofte n come from n earby rural villages. So the year I tur ned eight we got a new house boy. His n ame was

28、 Fide. The only thi ng my mother told us about him was that his family was very poor. My mother sent yams and rice, and our old clothes, to his family. And when I didn ' t finish my dinner my mother would say, “Finish your food! Don ' t you know? People like Fide ' s family have nothing.

29、 ” So I felt enormous pity for Fide ' s family.Then one Saturday we went to his village to visit. And his mother showed us a beautifully patter ned basket, made of dyed raffia, that his brother had made. I was startled. It had not occurred to me that an ybody in his family could actually make so

30、methi ng. All I had heard about them is how poor they were, so that it had become impossible for me to see them as any thi ng else but poor. Their poverty was my sin gle story of them.5、The Dan ger of A Sin gle Story (Part II)Years later, I thought about this whe n I left Nigeria to go to uni versit

31、y in theUn ited States. I was 19. My America n roommate was shocked by me. She asked where I had learned to speak En glish so well, and was con fused whe n I said that Nigeria happe ned to have English as its officiallanguage. She asked if she could listento what she calledmy “ tribal music ” , and

32、was con seque ntly very disappo in ted whe n I produced my tape of Mariah Carey. She assumed that I did not know how to use a stove.What struck mewas this: She had felt sorry for me even before she saw me. Her default positi on toward me, as an Africa n, was a kind of patro nizing, well-mea ning, pi

33、ty. My roommate had a si ngle story of Africa. A sin gle story of catastrophe. In this sin gle story there was no possibility of Africa ns being similar to her, in any way. No possibility of feeli ngs more complex tha n pity. No possibility of a conn ecti on as huma n equals.So after I had spe nt so

34、me years in the U.S. as an Africa n, I bega n to un dersta nd my roommate s response to me. If I had not grown up in Nigeria, and if all I knew about Africa were from popular images, I too would thi nk that Africa was a place of beautiful lan dscapes, beautiful ani mals, and in comprehe nsible peopl

35、e, fight ing sen seless wars, dying of poverty and AIDS, un able to speak for themselves, and wait ing to be saved, by a kind, white foreig ner. I would see Africa ns in the same way that I, as a child, had seen Fide ' s family.When I lear ned, some years ago, that writers were expected to have

36、had really un happy childhoods to be successful, I bega n to think about how I could invent horrible things my pare nts had done to me. But the truth is that I had a very happy childhood, full of laughter and love, in a very close-k nit family. But I also had gra ndfathers who died in refugee camps.

37、 My cous in Polle died because he could not get adequate healthcare. One of my closest frie nds, Okoloma, died in a pla ne crash because our fire trucks did not have water. I grew up under repressive militarygovernments that devalued education,so that sometimes my pare nts were not paid their salari

38、es. And so, as a child, I saw jam disappear from the breakfast table, the n margari ne disappeared, the n bread became too expe nsive, the n milk became rati on ed.And most of all, a kind of no rmalized politicalfear in vaded our lives.All of these stories make me who I am. But to in sist on only th

39、ese n egative stories is to flatte n my experie nee, and to overlook the many other stories that formed me. The single story creates stereotypes. And the problem with stereotypes is not that they are un true, but that they are in complete.Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have bee n used

40、to dispossess and to malig n. But stories can also be used to empower, and to huma ni ze. Stories can break the dig nity of a people. But stories can also repair that broke n dig ni ty.I would like to end with this thought: That whe n we reject the sin gle story, whe n we realize that there is n eve

41、r a sin gle story about any place, we rega in a kind of paradise. Thank you.6、The recent blockbuster Avatar is one among a string of new movies to come out duringa period being called the “3D renaissanee ” . But has the 3D form at cut down on the amount of movie piracy as Hollywood hopes? It doesn &

42、#39; t look like it.“ While Hollywood claims 3D movies will slow piracy, they are only partially right, ” said Chris Chinno ck, preside nt of a U.S. -based marketi ng research and con sult ing firm. He said if pirates try to use a regular video camcorder to record 3D films, it would result in the im

43、ages coming back in double. However, those with knowledge of video equipme nt can get arou nd the 3D deterre nt, he said.Chinnock' s assessm ent seems to hold true. More than a week beforeAvatar wasset for its China release, copies of it were shelved in pirated DVD shops throughoutBeiji ng.He al

44、so speculated that the lack of impact on the pirate market might be because the film was also released in 2D. The problem with releas ing a film strictly in 3D is that many theaters, in both the U.S. and China, are not equipped to han dle the new tech no logy. China has roughly 200 mainland theaters

45、 equipped to show 3D films. Less availability for movie-goers means more devious mi nds findingalter nativeways to watchblockbusters.Hurvitzof the foreigncou nselfor intellectualproperty law firmin the cinema is one of the biggest andare hundreds of people with industryPartners PCpointed out that wh

46、ile filming ways to con tribute to willi ng to pass along exclusive copies of the film for big bucks.Still the problem persists and, while stringent laws are in place, neither thepirated films, thereKangxin easiest insChin esegovernment nor the U.S. filming industry knows what to do. “They' re s

47、nuck out of the studios, sent overseas, duplicated a million times and then sold on the streets,” Hurvitz said.7、China has changed enormously over the last 20 years. Its economy has been growingat 10%a year. Today, 80%of the world ' s electronic goods are made in China. As a result, more and mor

48、e wester n compa nies want to do bus in ess in China. But how easy is it for a wester ner to do bus in ess there? Here are some tips from the British Embassy in Build relati on ships. In the west, it' s usual to do bus in ess first, and the n seeif a relati on shipis possible. In China, it '

49、 s the opposite. You n eed torelati on ship before you can do bus in ess. This leads to the idea of' gua nxi 'means using pers onal con tacts and relati on ships to do bus in ess, and wester ners n eed to un dersta nd how real and stro ng this is in China.It can also be useful to find a reli

50、able Chin ese ally to work with you. He or she will be able to help with language or cultural Chin ese body lan guage.You must remember to respect ' face '. peers. ' Face'can be lost, given or earned.Beiji ng.build a.Guanxiproblems and will also be able to understand'Face' me

51、ans having high status with your Never criticize or in sult some one in frontof others, as los ing face will make it impossible to make a deal. On the other hand, if you praise some one by say ing good things about him or her, the n he or she will gain face, but be careful not to do it too much.All

52、these tricks of the trade can help you to play the game and do bus in ess successfully in China. Be prepared, and be patie nt if you want to be a winner in China.8、The Quarterly (Magazine):How has Carrefour had to adapt to Chinese tastes?Jea n-Luc Chereau (Preside nt of Carrefour Chi na):Take the ex

53、ample of fish. WhenI am in San Fran cisco and I visit a store, the fish is filleted and packed; it' s dead.When I am in Fra nee, the fish is dead but it' s whole; it ' s on ice. I can see its eyesand see if it ' s fresh or not. Each place has its own way of selling fish.If you are in

54、 China, you have two ways of selli ng fish. The first is to display live fish. When we en tered Taiwa n, we went to the fresh markets in Taipei and Kaohsiu ng to see what kind of products they had, how they were displayed, and how customers bought those products. Carrefour decided to adopt this fres

55、h-market style and to display the same products at lower prices in a better, clea ner en vir onment. And we were very, very successful. Now, on the mainland, the first image customers get whe n they en ter a Carrefour store is fresh the fresh market they Carrefour in this way. But there is another W

56、hywould frozen fish they have fresh fish ； are more con fide nt our product offeri ng and we saw a 30 to 40 perce nt in crease in fish sales throughout Chi na.9、US Congress is looking at some of the problems that Toyota' s been having with vehicle recalls and examining how the carmaker has respo

57、nded to the situation. You ' ve heard all aboutproducts. When customers are in the fresh area, they recog nize 're accustomed to. And now most of our competitors are followingmethod we neglected when we moved away from the coast: frozen fish. be importantin China? Because the distanee betwee

58、nand the stores in middle and western China is so vastof frozen fish than of unfrozen dead fish, even if fresh.the area where that customersSo we cha ngedthis: millio ns of vehicles affected by issues with floor mats and gas pedals that might get stuck. US Con gress is hold ing a few days of heari n

59、gs to get some in formati on about it. Yesterday, they heard from one expert who said it could be an electrical issue. He says there ' s a possibility that a short circuit might cause a car to sudde nly accelerate. An engin eeri ng firm that was hired by Toyota to check out the claim found the same thing. But Toyota' s U.S. sales chief, Jim Lentz, says the electrical system isn ' t the problem.When asked about how the compa