新版八年级上册英语一至三单元知识点

1、新版八年级上册英语第一至三单元知识点Unitl Where did you go on vacation?1. on vacation 度假vacation意为“假期、假日”,相当于holiday ,但vacation表示长的假期。如：the long vacation 长假the summer vacation 暑假the Christmas vacation 圣诞假期而holiday （尤其美国）指“假日；休息日；休假” 。on vacation = on holiday 意为"度假"2. anything interesting一些有趣的东西1） something,

2、 anything , nothing , everything 是指物的不定代词。 somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nobody, everybody , everyone 是指人 的不定代词。 somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere 是指 地点 的不定代词。2） 当形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时，放在这些词的后面；3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Iseverybody here?大家都到齐了吗？4） someth

3、ing , somebody, someone, somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而 anything , anybody, anyone, anywhere用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Did you do anything interesting? 你做了 有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why don't you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）3. buy sth. for sb. 或 buy sb. sth如： My parents often buy some books for me. = My par

4、ents often buy me some books.我父母经常给我买书。4. 提建议的句子: What/ how about +doing sth.?如： What/ How about going shopping? Why don' t you + do sth.? Why not + do_sth. ? Let ' sd+o sth.（ Shall we/ I + do_sth.?如： Why don' tyou go shopping?如： Why not go shopping?如： Let ' s go shopping如：Shall we/

5、I go shopping?5. long time no see 好久不见6. quite a few 相当多a few 与a little 的区别，few 与little 的区别a few 一些修饰可数名词a little 一些修饰不可数名词两者都表肯定意义如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。There is a little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。few 少数的修饰可数名词little少数的修饰不可数名词但两者都表否定意义如：He has few friends.他没有几个朋友。There is little sugar in

6、 the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。7. most of 的大多数如：most of the time 大多数时间8. Still no one seemed to be bored.仍然没有人感到烦闷。1) seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词，构成的短语有：rseem to do sth.好像做某事 如：They seem to talk in class.他们似乎上课说话。< seem (to be) +adj.似乎如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。It seems that + 从句 似乎 如：It seem

7、s that he was 川 yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。2) bored作形容词，意为“烦闷的；厌倦的”其主语是某人；而boring也是形容词，其主语是 某物。如：My parents ask me to do homework all day. I feel bored.我父母整天叫我做作业，我感到很厌倦。Doing homework all day is a little boring.整天做作业有点无聊。相类似的词语还有：interested adj. 感兴趣的interesting adj.有趣的surprised adj.感到惊奇的 surprising adj.惊奇的t

8、ired累的tiring 令人疲惫的excited兴奋的 exciting令人兴奋/激动的amazed惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的9 .辨析： get to/reach/arrive牢记：相同点：都是“到达"的意思不同点：get to+地点/reach+地点arrive at+小地点(车站等)/arrive in+大地点(国家等)注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here,there,home等，则不需要加介词。10 enjoy doing sth_ 喜欢做乐意做如：She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He

9、 enjoyed himself.他过得很愉快。跟它意思相近的词组还有have a good great time , have fun。11. decide意为"决定"，是动词。它的名词形式为 decision。构成的短语有：decide to do sth.decide on doing sth.决定做某事make a decision to do sth.决定不要做某事，要用 decide not to do sth.。如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。12. nothing.but.意为“除 之外；只

10、有“，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day 10ng.我整天除了 看电视什么也没干。13. . feel like意为：“有什么感觉；感受到“，后跟宾语从句。另外，构成短语feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。I feel like eating.我想吃东西。14. because of , because:because of +名词/代词/名词性短语I had to move because of my job.因为工作的原因<我得搬家。be

11、cause + 从句 如：I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。15. below意为“在下面”，其反义词为 above,意为“在上面”16. bring sth.to +地点，意为"带来"，其反义词是take。如：Please bring your book to our school.请把你的书带到我们学校来。Please take your book to your school.请把你的书带到你的学校去。17. enough 足够形容词+ enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮enough +名词 如：en

12、ough food 足够食物enough to 足够 去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。She is 01d enough to go to school. 她够大去读书了。18. sothat如此一以致于引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.that后面跟从句。如：She was so sad thatshe couldn 'say a word.她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19. taste good尝起来很好吃。taste系动词用法"尝起来"后+形容词。其他表示状态的系动词有 ：feel

13、 （觉 得）keep （保持）stay （保持）seem （好彳射 look （看来像 ）smell （闻起来）sound （听起来 ）taste（尝起来）系动词与形容词连用I feel sick。我感到难受。Keep quiet, please! 请安静下来！The weather stays very hot。 天气斗£常热。He seems very clever。 他好像彳艮聪明。Jim looks like his father 。 吉姆长得像他父亲。The fish smells terrible.这鱼闻起来坏了。That sounds a good idea。那听起来是

14、个好主意。The soup tastes very delicious。这汤尝起来非常香。Unit2 How often do you exercise?1. exercise 的用法 v/n1)动词，锻炼，既可以作不可数名词“锻炼”讲，也可作可数名词“练习”讲。He exercises every day。We often do / take exercise on weekends.2. do morning exercises 做早操 do eye exercises 做眼保健操Doing morning exercises is good for our health.做早操对我们的健

15、康有益。3. No, I never go shopping. 不， 我从不购物。(1) go shopping意为"去购物"。 Go+ v. Ing形式表示进行某项活动。如：Go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 去游泳 /购物 /滑冰/滑雪 /钓鱼/爬山 /徒步旅行。(2) never为频率副词，意思是从不”。【辨析】： 频率副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never频率副词词义频率英文释义always总是100%all

16、 the timeusually通常90%often, generallyoften经常80%(at) many timessometimes有时50%at times, now and thenhardly ever几乎不10%almost not, not at allnever从不0%not ever, not at any time4. 一 How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视？ Twice a week. 一周两次。（1）how often表示 多久一次”,是对动作的频率进行提问。可用于回答表示频率的副词,如always, usually,often,

17、 sometimes, hardly ever, never 等， 或用于回答表示频率的短语，如 once a day （天次 ）,twice a week（一周两次），four times a month （一个月四次），every day （每一天）等。如: 一 How often does he surf the Internet? 他多久在网上冲浪一次？一 Once a week. 一周一次。（2） twice a week意思是 周两次”是一个表示频率的短语，表示频率的短语一般是由次数+ a+时间名应”构成；表示 工次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示，而表示 三次或三次以上

18、”时，则用 数词+ times” 结构。如：once a month （一个月一次 ）,twice a day （一天两次 ）,three times a week （一周三次）,five times a year （一年五次）等。（3）疑问词how的用法1）怎样，用什么手段，方法 /交通工具How did he do it? / I don' know how to swim. How do you cometo school?（2）情况如何（指身体健康状况）How are you?（3） how many , how much表示 多少"how many后接可数名词复数，

19、how much接不可数名词。How many times do you go to the park? How much are those pants?（4）how many times 询问多少次，其答语表示次数。如： once twice , three times等 How many times do you go to the movies a month? About three times.（5） How old.? 询问年龄 How old are you? I am five.（6） How about ？ 如何？ 怎么样？How about going to the mo

20、vies?（7）how long询问多长时间，其答语表示一段时间，如： for two days , for three hours等。How long will it take to get to the station ? About half an hour。（8）how soon用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是 in two hours , in three days等。How soon wil he come back ? In an hour。4. be free意为“有空”是形容词，其反义词为“ be busy"。free的另一种意思是“自由的；不受约束的”，其名词形

21、式为freedomo还有一个意思是“免费的"，如：They enjoy free medical care.他们享受免费医疗。5. be full意为“满的；忙的”是形容词，其反义词有：full（满的）empty （空的），full（饱的）hungry （饿的）。如：I am full, so I don 't want anything.我饱了，所以我不想要了。6. eat breakfast意为"吃早饭"同义词组为 have breakfast,其中间不加冠词，但当三餐前有形容词修饰时，要加不定冠词 a或an。如： have a big dinner吃

22、一顿丰盛的晚餐want+名词 想要 如：I want a job.我想要一份工作。want to do sth. 想要做某事 Do you want to go to the movies with me ?你想和我一起去看电影吗？want sb. to do sth.想要某人干某事 I want you to help me with my math. 我想要你帮我学数学。7. She says it ' s goodlrfpihealth.她说那对我的健康有益。(1) be good for意思是 对有好处“。如： Doing exercise is good for our he

23、alth.进行锻炼对我们的身体有好处。【辨析】: be good for, be good at 与 be good tobe good for意思是对有益”。如： Watching TV too much is not good for your health.看电视太多对你的身体没有好处。be good at意思是擅长于”。如： He is good at playing football. 他擅长踢足球。be good to意思是对好”。如： The old woman is good to us.那个老太太对我们很好。(2) health是一个名词，意思是健康”，它的形容词形式是hea

24、lthy,意思是 健康的”。如： My grandmother is over 80 years old, but she is very healthy.我奶奶八十多岁了，但她非常健康。 We should keep in good health.我们要保持健康。8. <ask sb. to do 叫做某事Teacher asked me to clean the classroom.ask sb. not to do sth.叫 一 不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.ask sb. about sth. 问某人某事 W

25、e asked our students about their free time activities.ask sb. for help 向某人求助 如：ask teacher for help向老师寻求帮助9. go online 意为"上网"，其同义词为"use the Internet”。10. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. do. 如：They help you relax.他们帮助你放松11. at least最少 原形little 比较级less最高级least如：we

26、should sleep at least 8 hours.我们至少得睡 8个小时。12. be surprised 意为"惊讶”构成的短语有be surprised to do sth惊讶做某事b be surprised that + 从句to one ' s surprise某人，原讶的是如：to their surprise 令他们惊讶的是to Li Lei ' siserpr李雷惊讶的是13. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到 12 点。14. although为连词，意思是 尽管；虽然”，表示

27、转折关系，同义词有though。与but作用相同，但是用法不同。特别注意英、汉在此意义上的表达区别：汉语中经常说虽然但是”，但在英语中，although和but不能同时使用，即 虽然”和 怛是”只能用其一。如： Although I get up early, I can' t caitcbuse ea=I get up early, but I can ' t catch the eary 1bMs起得很早，但还是没有赶上早班车。I don ' t pass the exam, although I study every hard. =I study very ha

28、rd, but I don' t pass the exam尽管我努力学习，但考试还是没有及格。想类似的还有 because跟so,用了 because就不能再用so 了。如：I didn't have supper, because I had a stomacheache.=I had a stomacheache, so I didn't have supper.我没有吃饭，因为胃疼。15. The best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式原形good 比较级better 最高级best如：I think the best way to relax

29、 is to listen to music. 我认为最好的休闲方式是听音乐。Unit3 I m more outgoing than my sister1 .He has shorte r hair than Sam.他的头发比萨姆的短。than比（用于形容词，副词的比较级之后）当两个人或者物进行比较时，要用形容词的比较级。比较级+ than”表示 比.更.。般形容词或副词的比较级是在词后加-er。但要注意比较的对象。如：I am taller than Jim.我比吉姆高。His hair is shorter than Sam' s他的头发比萨姆的短。This book is m

30、ore interesting than that one.这本书比苗B本书有趣。形容词和副词的比较级、最高级大多数形容词和副词有三个等级：1）原级（不作比较），修饰词very,so,too,pretty,really ;2）比较级，表示 较”或 更"的意思（两者之间进行比较） ，标志词than,A or B,of the two,修饰词much,a lot,a little ;3）最高级，表示 最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比较），形容词最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,后面可带in （of）短语来什么比较的范围。形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则变化：构成方法原级比较级最局级单音一般在

31、词尾加-er或-esthighhigherhighest节词shortshortershortest和部以字母e词尾的词，加latelaterlatest分双-r 或-stfinefinestfinest向重读闭音节词词尾只有hothotterhottest词一个辅音字母时，先双bigbiggerbiggestthinthinnerthinnest写辅首字母，再加-er或-estfatfatterfattest以辅音字母+y”结尾的funnyfunnierfunniesteasyeasiereasiest双首P词，先把 y改为“ i, ”再加earlyearlierearliest-er 或-

32、est多音节词beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful和部分双在词前力口 more或mostathleticmore athleticmost athletic向词outgoingmore outgoingmost outgoing形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化:原级比较级最局级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther （更远）further （更深远）farthest（最远）furthest （最深远）2 .反意疑问句 肯定陈述句

33、+ 否定提问如：Lily is_a student, isn ' t she?Lily wilLgo to China, won' t she否定陈述句+肯定提问如：She doesn' t comerom China, does she?You haven ' t finishedomework, have you?提问部分用代词而不用名词如:Lily is a student, isn she?t、陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如little, few, never, nothing, hardly 等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。如:They hardly unde

34、rstood it,He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗?did they ?他们几乎不明白，不是吗?3 . No,I am a little taller than her.a little, much a lot a bit ,far,any,no 等可以 + 比较级4 .Tara works as hard as Tina.塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。“(not) as +形容词或副词原级+ as.”是一种原级比较，意思为“和(不)一样”。1) .not as +形容词或副词原级+ as表示双方在某个方面不同。如：His English

35、 is not as good as hers.他英语不如她的好。He doesn't work as hard as his brother.他没有他哥哥工作努力。2) as +形容词或副词原级+ as表示双方在某个方面一样。如：She is as tall as me.她跟我一样高。I run as fast as he does.我跑得跟他一样快。5 .辨析 beat/win相同点：都是动词，表示 赢”不同：beat+人/win+比赛，竞赛，战争等名词。如：We played very well, and beat them.我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。They won the

36、match this time.这次他们赢了这场比赛。6 . care about意为“关心；在意“，期中care是动词 如：We should care about the old people.我们应该关心老年人。care for表示喜欢"，关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语,take care of也有这个意思。He cared nothing for skating. 他对滑冰没有兴趣。In our class, we care for each other. 在我们班上， 我们相互关心。Maria takes good care of everybody. 玛丽亚很

37、关心大家。【友情链接】care for还可以表示 照顾"，照料"，相当于take care of或look after。At night he fed and cared for the cattle.夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。You must care for yourselves.=You must look after yourselves.你们要照顾好自己。The children are well cared for in the nurseries.=The children are taken good care of in the nurseries.孩子

38、们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。7.I think a good friend makes me laugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。牢记：make sb. do sth.使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词 使某人/某事怎样如：Our teacher makes us work ten hours a day 我们老师让我们天学习 10个小时。His words make us happy. 他的话使我们感到很高兴。1.1 augh at sb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：Don' t laugh at me!不要取笑我9. They ' both tall.他们两个都是高个子。both

39、adj./pron./adv. 两个都用在 be 动词后，行为动词前。Y ou are both too young./They both speak English.Both of各词复数（复数谓语）Both of the flowers are beautiful. 两朵花都很漂亮。bothand 两者都（复数谓语）反义词组：neithernor两者都不（谓语单复数按照就近原则）【友情链接】both与allboth指代两者；all指代三者或三者以上如:My parents are both fine。 我父母都好。We are aJJ. here。我们都在这儿。10. be ike意为"像"，这里的like是介词。如:She is like her mother 。她长得像他妈妈。like做动词，意为“喜欢”，构成短语like sth.喜欢某物l like sb.喜欢某人like to do sth.喜欢做某事 如：I like to have friends who are like me. 我喜欢交像我一样的朋友。like diong sth.11. need是动词，需