必修四unit3和unit4grammar之现在分词做表语-定语-宾补和状语

1、Review: -ing形式作主语和宾语形式作主语和宾语作主语作主语1. _is talking to a wall.(talk) 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。对他说话等于对牛弹琴。2. It is no use _ here.(wait) 在这里等是没有用处的。在这里等是没有用处的。3. _ is my sole exercise. (walk) 散步是我唯一的运动。散步是我唯一的运动。4._ is my job. (teach) 我的工作是教你们英语。我的工作是教你们英语。 Talking to himWalking waitingTeaching you English作宾语作宾语5. I s

2、uggest _.(focus) 我建议集中精神在学习上。我建议集中精神在学习上。6. He admitted _. 他承认钱是他拿的。他承认钱是他拿的。 7. I couldnt help _.(laugh) 我禁不住笑了起来。我禁不住笑了起来。8. Your coat needs _.(paint) 你的大衣需要刷一下。你的大衣需要刷一下。focusing on studytaking the moneylaughingpainting1. The story is interesting. 2. The running man is Wangbaoqiang.3.We can see a

3、 boy singing in the picture. 宾语补足语宾语补足语表语表语定语定语表语：放在系动词后面表语：放在系动词后面思考：划线的单词在句子中所作什么成分呢？思考：划线的单词在句子中所作什么成分呢？定语：定语：的，的，+名词名词 / 名词名词+短语短语宾补：放在宾语后面，宾补：放在宾语后面， 对宾语进行补充说明对宾语进行补充说明动词动词-ing形式作：形式作：定语定语 (相当于形容词相当于形容词)表语表语 宾语补足语宾语补足语 (补充说明宾语补充说明宾语)一、动词一、动词-ing-ing形式作表语，放在系动词后，形式作表语，放在系动词后，即即“系动词系动词+ +表语表语”。系动

4、词：系动词：be, turn, go, grow, become, get(be, turn, go, grow, become, get(变变得得), look(), look(看起来看起来), sound (), sound (听起来听起来), feel ), feel ( (摸起来摸起来), seem, appear(), seem, appear(似乎似乎),remain ,stay, ),remain ,stay, keepkeep等之后等之后 表示抽象、一般性行为表示抽象、一般性行为,说明主语的内容。说明主语的内容。 My job is teaching you English.

5、My favorite sport is swimming. 改错：改错： My hobby is play computer games.playing2. 表示主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，这时表示主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，这时候的动词候的动词-ing 也可称作现在分词。也可称作现在分词。 The story she told us was very interesting. The news is exciting. 这个时候多指物，这个时候多指物，“令人令人 的的”,常见的有常见的有:astonishing，amazing , surprising, shocking 令人吃惊

6、的令人吃惊的, boring，tiring令人厌烦的令人厌烦的, 无聊的无聊的encouraging, inspiring,令人鼓舞的令人鼓舞的 moving感人的感人的 interesting有趣的有趣的等。等。即学即练：即学即练：The story is _ (move)moving2. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring注意：分词作表语注意：分词作表语现在分词现在分词-ing过去分词过去分

7、词-ed指物，令人指物，令人的的指人，感到指人，感到的的即学即练：即学即练：1.完成句子完成句子那故事太动人了，他被深深地感动了。那故事太动人了，他被深深地感动了。(move) He was deeply _ because the story was _.movedmovingThe Present participle used as an atrribute动词动词-ing作定语作定语1 ing作定语时，单个动词作定语时，单个动词-ing放在被修饰名词放在被修饰名词的前面，即的前面，即“动词动词ing +名词名词”,简称前置定语。简称前置定语。 a reading room 阅览室，表示

8、作用阅览室，表示作用/功能功能 a reading student 正在读书的学生，表示动作正在读书的学生，表示动作/ 状态状态2.-ing短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。即短语作定语时，放在所修饰的名词之后。即“名词名词+动词动词-ing 短语短语”,简称后置定语，意思上简称后置定语，意思上相相 当于一个定语从句。当于一个定语从句。the boy standing under the tree站在树下的男孩站在树下的男孩the girl eating an apple 吃苹果的女孩吃苹果的女孩a running manThe man running inthe picture is Li

9、u Xiang. 定语定语The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.相当于一个定语从句：相当于一个定语从句：1.They lived in a room _.(face)他们住在一间面朝街的房子他们住在一间面朝街的房子分析：主干分析：主干(主谓主谓)：他们住在一间房子。：他们住在一间房子。They lived in a room. 句中已有谓语动词句中已有谓语动词lived了。那么括号里给出的动了。那么括号里给出的动词面向词面向face,就是非谓语动词了。就是非谓语动词了。face与所修饰名词与所修饰名词a room主动还是被动呢？主

10、动用主动还是被动呢？主动用-ing， 被动用过去分词被动用过去分词-ed。所以主动。所以主动 facing 。 （.的房子？面朝街的，作定语，修饰名词的房子？面朝街的，作定语，修饰名词a room）2.The man _ (deliver) a speech at the meeting now is from Japan.主干（主谓）：主干（主谓）：The man is from Japan.句中已有句中已有is的谓语动词了，那么思考一下给出的动词的谓语动词了，那么思考一下给出的动词deliver 是主动还是被动呢？是主动还是被动呢？facing the street delivering4

11、.Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.分析：主干分析：主干(主谓主谓)：Lessons can help us in our dealing with other people.因句中已有谓语动词因句中已有谓语动词can help，可见，可见learn 为非谓语动词，为非谓语动词，与与lessons 是被动关系，所以用是被动关系，所以用-ed形式形式learned。learned3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于一个非限制性定语从句相当于一个

12、非限制性定语从句, 这时这时, 它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。The Present participle used as an object complement 分词作宾语补足语分词作宾语补足语We can see a boy singing in the picture.宾

13、语补足语宾语补足语主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语We can see her listening to music.表示的是正在发生的动作表示的是正在发生的动作表示动作的全过程。表示动作的全过程。例如：例如：I saw Linda playing jokes on my little I saw Linda playing jokes on my little brother.brother.我看我看见见琳琳达达正在捉弄我的小弟弟。正在捉弄我的小弟弟。( (表表示示动动作正在作正在进进行行) )I saw Linda play jokes on my little brother.I saw Lin

14、da play jokes on my little brother.我看我看见见琳琳达达捉弄了我的小弟弟。捉弄了我的小弟弟。( (表示表示动动作的全作的全过过程程) )全析提示：全析提示：接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：1 1感感：feel,feel, 2 2听：听：hear, listen to,hear, listen to, 5 5看：看：see, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, look at, watch, observe, notice, 使役动词：使役动词：let, make, have, get le

15、t, make, have, get ，以及以及catchcatch， find, find, smell, keep, leavesmell, keep, leave等。等。We can see five kids running towards us in the picture.Im sorry to have_ for so long.1.不好意思让你等这么久。不好意思让你等这么久。(keep)2.他父亲不让他抽烟。他父亲不让他抽烟。(let) His father do not _. kept you waitinglet him smoke-ed着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾

16、语着重动作完成，表明动作的结果，它与宾语之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系之间是被动的逻辑主谓关系 (to )do强调动作的强调动作的结果，完成或一次性结果，完成或一次性动作动作.1. I saw Bob beating the boy. 3. I saw the boy beaten by Bob. 2. I saw Bob beat the boy. ing 着重动作的着重动作的过程，正在进行或反复过程，正在进行或反复的动作的动作(我看见我看见Bob正在打这个男孩正在打这个男孩)(我看见我看见Bob打这个男孩打这个男孩)(我看见这个男孩被我看见这个男孩被Bob打打) 定义：说明事物发生的时间，原因，

17、定义：说明事物发生的时间，原因，条件，方式或伴随，地点，结果，让步，条件，方式或伴随，地点，结果，让步，程度等情况的词叫做状语。程度等情况的词叫做状语。 状语可以由副词，短语以及从句来状语可以由副词，短语以及从句来担任。担任。Because I catch a cold, I dont feel like going school tomorrow.V-ing 作状语作状语 的的用法用法即：即：V-ingV-ing短语在句子中作短语在句子中作状语，可以表示时间，原状语，可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，因，结果，条件，让步，方式或伴随动作等。方式或伴随动作等。用作状语的用作状语的动词动词-

18、ing 形式形式，此时可叫做此时可叫做“现在分词现在分词”。1). Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.2). Having turned off the TV set, he began to go over Chinese.时间时间When they heard the news,时间时间After he had turned off the TV set,1.作时间状语作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。相当于时间状语从句。 常用常用引导词：引导词：when, while, as ,once, since, befo

19、re, after, till, until, as soon as 等等 。1). Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.2). Not knowing how to get there, I had to ask the way.原因原因Because/Since he was ill, 原因原因As I did not know how to get there，2. 作原因状语，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句相当于原因状语从句常用引导词：常用引导词：because, since, as Working hard at your lesso

20、ns, youll surely succeed.条件条件If you work hard at your lesson，3. 作条件状语，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句相当于条件状语从句 条件状语从句条件状语从句 常用引导词：常用引导词：if, unless, 4.1). She stood there waiting for Tom.2). He came running back to tell me the news. 伴随伴随= She stood there and waited for Tom.方式方式4. 作方式状语或伴随状语，作方式状语或伴随状语， 相当于并列句相当于并列句“

21、and”.= He came and ran back to tell me the news.5. Having failed for many times, they still didnt give up.让步让步Although they had failed for many times,常用引导词：常用引导词：although ,though 等。等。5. 作让步状语作让步状语,相相当于让步状从。当于让步状从。6. The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.结果结果so his head st

22、roked against the door and cut. “所以所以”常用引导词：常用引导词：so , so that 等。等。5. 作结果状语作结果状语,相相当于结果状从。当于结果状从。注意：注意： 当现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动当现在分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：词动作之前时，应使用完成式： Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.2. 当现在分词与句子的主语之间存在当现在分词与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系时，应使用被动式着逻辑上的被动关系时，应使用被动式：Be

23、ing helped by Tom, she will learn English well.having donebeing done3. 当现在分词的被动式的动作发生在谓语当现在分词的被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.having been done （1） Walking through the park, we saw lots of flowers.

24、（正确）（正确） walking 是是we的动作的动作 （2）Walking through the park, the flowers looked nice. (错误错误) （3）Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (正确正确) （4）Standing on the tower, the whole village could be seen. (错误错误)4. 现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。须与主句的主语是一致的。5. 独立主格结构：独立主格结构：Spring c

25、oming on, the trees turned green.Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home.Time permitting, well visit the Great Wall.He guiding the blind man, they walked slowly across the street.6. 固定结构：固定结构：Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally speaking, his answer is right.Co

26、nsidering everything, they did a good job. 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.No

27、t havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking The _ boy was last seen _

28、near the bank of the lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play解析解析: missing是形容词是形容词, 作作boy的定语的定语, 意思是意思是“失踪的失踪的”。 was last seen playing表示被看见时正在玩。表示被看见时正在玩。真题解析真题解析A2. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tire

29、d; bored D. tiring; boring解析解析: 此题考查现在分词与过去分词的此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。区别。tired, moved, interested excited等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受等过去分词叙述的是人的本身感受; tiring, moving, interesting, exciting等等现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予现在分词叙述的是某一物或事情给予人的感受。人的感受。A4. We sat there, _with what we listened to. A. satisfying B. to satisfy C. contented D.

30、content解析解析: 本题考查动词用法。本题考查动词用法。satisfied表示表示“感到满意的感到满意的”, 把把A、B两项排除两项排除; content既是形容词既是形容词, 又是动词又是动词, be content with “对对满足满足”。D 1. I really cant understand_her like that. A you treat B you to treat C why treat D you treating2.The music was so _ that the audience were _ to death.A boring ;bored B bo

31、red ;boring C bored ;bored D boring ;boring单项选择单项选择3.After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice_himA calling B called C being called D to call4.He had us_all through the meal.A laugh B laughed C laughing D to laughC 5. -There is something wrong with the table.-Yes, I can feel it_A that its moving B moves C to move D moving6. - I smell something _in the kitchen. -Can I call you back in a minute?A burning B burned C being burned D to burn