英美概况试题范围

1、名词解释：1 .The Great Depression2 Industrial Revolution3 Melting Pot4 . Black Death5 . American ConstitutionOctober 24 , 1929 , the American stock market crashed. Billions of dollars of paper p rofits were wiped out within a few hours. This led to a long economic depression.2. The Industrial Revolution

2、refers to the mechanization of industry and the cons equences in social and economic organization in Britain in the late 18th and early 19 th centuries. Britain was the first country to industrialize. The Industrial Revoluti on in Britain first began in the textile industry.3. Since the United State

3、s is a nation of many ethnic groups, it is also known asa “melting pot , " meaning immigrants from different nations all over the world have mixed to make up the American nation.4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It sp

4、read through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a r esult of the plague , much land was left untended and there was a terrible shortage of labor.5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of Amer

5、ican gove rnment and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism an d introduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history.。1929年10月24日，美国股市崩盘。数十亿美元的账面利润是在几个小时内消失。

6、这导致了长期的经济萧条。2。工业革命指的是机械化工业和社会和经济组织的后果在18世纪末和19世纪初的英国。英国是第一个工业化的国家。工业革命在英国首先开始于纺织工业。3。因为美国是一个多民族的国家，它也被称为“大熔炉”，意味着移民来自世界各地不同国家混合组成美国国家。4。黑死病是现代的名字给了致命的黑死病，病由鼠蚤传播流行。在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰在1348年的夏天没有警告。它造成许多人死亡。由于瘟疫，大片土地无人照管和劳动力极度匮乏。5。美国的宪法是美国政府的基本仪器和最高法律。它是世界上最古老的成文宪法。1787年制定，并于1789年生效。它建立联邦制和引进制衡政府历史上第一次。t

7、he Black DeathIt was the deadly bubonic plague who spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept thr ough England without warning and any cure, and sparing no victims. It killed between half an d one-third of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was s hort. I

8、t caused far-reaching economic consequences._这是致命的黑死病在14世纪传遍欧洲。它席卷英格兰没有警告，任何7a疗，和毫不吝惜的受害者。它杀死了一半到三分之一的人口。因此，大片土地无人照管和劳动力短缺。它造成了深远的经济后果。Bloody MaryHenry VIII ' s daughter and a devout Catholic. Whe n she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Blood

9、y Mary ” . Mary is also remembered as the monarch who lost the French port of Calais.亨利八世的女儿和一位虔诚的天主教徒。当她成为皇后，迫害和烧毁许多新教徒。所以她被“血腥玛丽”的绰号。玛丽也记得君主失去法国加来港。the Great LakesThe Great Lakes are the most important lakes in the United States. They are Lake Superior, w hich is the largest fresh water lake in th

10、e world, Lake Michiganthe only one entirelyin the U.S.Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canadaand the United States except Lake Michigan._五大湖在美国最重要的湖泊。苏必略湖，是世界上最大的淡水湖，密歇根湖，唯一一个完全在美国，休伦湖，伊利湖和安大略湖。他们都位于加拿大和美国之间除了密西根湖。What is meant by the term “welfare state " in

11、 Britain?The welfare state is a system of government by which the state provides the economic an d social security of its citizens through its organization of health services, pensions and other facilities. The system is funded out of national insurance contributions and taxation.In Britain the term

12、 applies mainly to National Health Service (NHS), national insurance and social security.“福利国家”政府的福利国家是一个系统的国家提供经济和社会保障的公民通过其组织卫生服务、养老金和其他设施。该系统是由全 国保险税和赋税。术语主要适用于在英国国民健康服务(NHS),国民保险和社会保障。What are some of the characteristics of American education?(1) Formal education in the United States consists of

13、 elementary, secondary and higher e ducation.(2) Public educations is free and compulsory.(3) Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. (4)Education is a function of the states, not the federal government.美国教育的特点是什么？(1)在美国正规的教育由初等、中等和高等教育。(2)公共教育是免费和义务的。(3)多样

14、性被认为是美国教育的一个突出特点。(4)教育是美国的函数，而不是联邦政府。What role does the community college play?What functions does it perform?What is it important in American higher education?What is the guiding principle of such a college?The community college as an institution is one of the most important innovations in the hist

15、ory of American higher education more accessible and in meeting the needs of educated a dults, employees of local business, professional requiring certification as well as communit y organizations.It performs five main functions. First, it prepares students for transferring to a BA progra m at a fou

16、r-year institution. Second, it provides vocational training for people who are alr eady working or expect to be working in the future. Third, it gives remedial instruction to higher school students who are underprepared for college academically and adults who did not learn basic skills in elementary

17、 or secondary school. Fourth, it offers recreational, cultu ral activities for adults who are not seeking regular vocational or academic skill. Fifth, i t absorbs students in a four-year program who are not qualified into a lower-status vocation al program.The guiding principle of community college

18、is higher education for everyone and the philosop hy that equality must mean equal opportunity for self-realization and for the recognition of individual differences.社区学院发挥什么作用？ 它执行什么功能？ 美国高等教育是什么重要的消息吗？一个大学的指导原则是什么？社区学院作为一个机构是历史上最重要的创新之一，美国的高等教育更容易满足患者的需求，受过教育的成年人，本地业务的员工，专业要求认证以及社区组织。它执行五个主要功能。首先，

19、它准备学生转移到英航计划四年的机构。其次，它为那些已经工作或提供职业培训期望在未来工作。第三，它给补救教学高等学校学生准备不充分的大学学业和成年人没有在小学或中学学习基本技能。第四，它提供了休闲、文化活动对于成年人不寻求定期职业或学术技能。第五，它可以吸收学生四年计划不合格看低职业计划。社区学院的指导原则对每个人来说都是高等教育和哲学必须为自我实现意味着平等机会平等，承认个体差异。1. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:2. The highest mountain in Britain is.A.

20、Scafel lB. Ben Nevis（本尼维斯）C. the CotswoldD. the Forth3. The longest river in Britain is .A. the Clyd eB. the MerseyC. the Severn （塞汶 河） D.the Thames4. The largest lake in Britain is .A. the Lough Neage 内伊 湖B. Windermere WaterC. Coniston Wate rD. the Lake District5. Which part of Britain is always fi

21、ghting?A. Englan dB. ScotlandC. Wale sD. Northem Ireland6. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from .A. EuropeB. theUnited StatesC. AfricaD.the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan7. The first inhabitants in Britain were .A. the Norman sB. the CeltsC. the Iberians伊比利来D.the Anglo-Saxons7. British

22、 Recorded history began with .A. Roman invasio nB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. theAnglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, actually became the overlord of all the English.A. Joh nB. James IC. Egbert埃格伯特中世纪英格兰西撒克逊国王，英格兰首任国王（829839） D. Henry I9. Christmas Day , Duke William was crown

23、ed in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the dynasty.A. Windso rB. TudorC. Malcol mD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIB. the PopeC. BaronD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Year

24、s war stated in and wa ended in , in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of .A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisD.C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for years and king was replaced by king .A. 30, Richard III, H

25、enry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50,Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in in the early century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called .A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the C

26、atholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In , a small group of Puritans sailed from in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondoD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared in England, which owed a great deal to the invent

27、ion of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with

28、a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. soon after , Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deeploss of its position of industrial lead

29、ership.A. 190B. the First World WarC. the Second World Wa rD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest rate andthe highest rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD.growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of co

30、al industry exceptA. the exhaustion of old mines ostly extractionC. little money being invested the labour shortage24. Britain s foreign trade is mainly with .A. developing countries Commonwealth countriesB. cD.C. other developed countries25. The House of Lords is presided over by .A. the Lord Chanc

31、ello rQueenC. the Archbishop of Canterbur y26. A General Election is held every years and there areB. otherD. ECB. theD. the Prime Ministermembers of Parliamentsare elected.A. five, 60B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by and he or she always sits in .A. the Arch

32、bishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in .A. the Quee nB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House ofCommons29. The sources o

33、f British law include .A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, passes sentenced and decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A.th

34、e judge, the jurB. the judge, tyhe judgeC. the jury, the jur yD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates courtsB. Youth courtsC. district courtsD. The Crown Court32. London s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of .A. the

35、England secretarieB. the Scottish SecretarieD. the HC. Northern Ireland Secretaries ome Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in and based at first on _.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The no

36、n-contributory social security benefits include the following except .A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none.B. thA. the lord Chancellor e Prime

37、 MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend .A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D.

38、 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive parly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the country in the world.B. largesC. sec

39、ond largestD. third largesE. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, has been called the American Ruhr.A. the Mississipp iB. the MissouriC. the Hudso nD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the Potoma cB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande Riv

40、e r orado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except .A. Yale ardC. OxfordD.ts Institute of Technology43. The nation s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in .A. the American Wes tGreat PlainsC. the Midwes tD. the Middle Atlantic StatesD. the

41、ColB. HarvMassachusetB. the44. The Midwest in America s most important area.A. agriculturaB. industrialC. manufacturin gD. mining in dustry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that A.lities had been illegalB.had been separate but equalC.d been equalD.lities wer

42、e inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in separate educational facieducational facilitieseducational facilities haseparate educational faciA. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from and .A. Ireland/Franc eB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/Engla

43、n dD. England/Netherland48. Uncle Tom s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserab le life of the .great poD. Georgethe First Continental ConA. early settler sB. PuritansC. native Indian sD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demogra

44、phy, there are _ pulation movement in the history of the United States.A. tw oB. threeC. fou rD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in theA. gold mine sB. silver minesC. coal mine sD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by .A. James Madiso nB. Thomes JeffersonC. Alexander Hamilto n Washington52. On July 4, 1776, adopted the Declaration of Independerce.A.gressB.Congressthe Second ContinentalC.