瞬间动词和延续性动词

1、一 瞬间动词和延续性动词的含义及用法瞬间动词（非延续性动词或短暂性动词）：是指动作在很短时间内完成, 无延续性。如come go 等终止性动词和延续性动词：延续性动词: live ,run, stay, clean ,play ,hold ,watch ,teach, read ,study, teach ,eat ,drink ,write ,dance , sing ,smoke瞬间性动词:open, stop ,like ,love ,die ,win ,close ,shot ,begin ,start enter ,finish1. 终止性动词：表示不能延续的动作，即动作发生后立即结

2、束。如：begin,arrive,borrow,buy ,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell ,start,stop 等。终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的，所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用，因为否定本身就是可以延续的。如：have a cold是持续性动词，表示“状态”，可与表延续性的时间状语连用，不定冠词不能省略。I ve had a cold since my arrival.I didnt go to school because

3、I had had a bad cold for days.catch / take ，get a cold是短暂性动作，表“动态”：它不能和延续性时间状语连用，不定冠词“a ”可有可无，catch 可用代替。Put on your coat ,or youll catch / take / get a cold.Take care not to get cold.但是，若cold 前有形容词修饰时，则不定冠词不能省。如：Brown has taken a slight cold.注意下列句子：I have caught a cold for over a week.(I have had a

4、 cold for over a week.( 2. 延续性动词：表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如：be, drink, fly ,eat ,keep ,lie ,live ,rain等。延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用；这类动词如用于进行时态，则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.( 3. 代替终止性动词的方法a 用延续性动词代替终止性动词1. 用have 代替buyMy brother has had(不能

5、用has bought this bike for almost four years.2. 用keep 或have 代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed the book for quite a few days.3. 用be 替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4. 用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5. 用w ear 代替put onb 用“be 形容词”代终止性动词1. be

6、married 代marry 2、be ill 代fall (get ill2. bedead 代die 4、be asleep 代fall (get asleep3. beawake 代wake/wake up 6、be gone 代lose, die, sell, leave4. beopen 代open 8、be closed代close/shut5. bemissing(gone, lost代losec 用“be 副词”代终止性动词1. “be on ”代start, begin2. “be up ”代get up3. “be back(to”代return to ,come back

7、 to ,go back to4. “be here (there”代come(arrive, reach ,get here或go (arrive ,reach, get there等等 d 用“be 介词短语”代终止性动词1. “be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2. 用be in the army 代替join the army3. “be in/at +地点”代替move to常用的就是：leave be away, borrow keep, buy have, begin/start be on, die be dead, move to live in, f

8、inish be over, join be in/be a member of, open sth .keep sth. open, fall ill be ill, get up be up, catch a cold have a cold。从中考试题透视瞬间动词和延续性动词1.-How long have you _ the book?-Two weeks.A. bought B. lent C. had D. borrowed2. -Do you know him well?-Sure, we _friends for ten years.A. were B. have been C

9、. have become D. have made二、避免瞬间动词和延续性动词与时间误用的方法1 .避免瞬间动词与段时间误用，可以用以下五种方法：用ago 这个词。例如：他买了这本书两年了。误：He has bought the book for two years.正：He bought the book two years ago.将瞬间动词用相同或相近的延续性动词(短语 代替。例如：他们认识5年了。误：They have got to know each other for five years.正：They have known each other for five years.将

10、瞬间动词用意义相同的形容词或分词(副词 短语作表语的形式来代替。例如： 他父亲死了五年了。误：His father has died for two years.正：His father has been dead for two years.运用句型It is (has beensince 来表达。例如：汤姆参军4年了。误：Tom has joined the army for four years.正：It is (has been four years since Tom joined the army.用瞬间动词的否定结构来表达。例如：直到父母回来他才睡觉。误：He went to b

11、ed until his parents came home.正：He didnt go to bed until his parents came home.2. 避免延续性动词与点时间状语误用的方法有：用延续性动词的进行时态来表达。例如：昨晚十点钟他正学英语。误：He studied English at ten oclock last night.正：He was studying English at ten oclock last night.在延续性动词前加begin 等瞬间性动词来表达。例如：玛丽8点钟工作。误：Mary worked at eight oclock.正：Mary

12、 began to work at eight oclock.三、瞬间动词与延续性动词在时间状语从句中的运用1. 在以when, as soon as, as, before, after等引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的。例如：When he came in, I was doing some washing.他进来时，我正在洗衣服。We often take a nap after we have meal.饭后，我们常常要小睡一下。2. 在以while 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词只能是延续性的。例如：While they were working, t

13、hey saw something strange in the sky.当他们在劳动时，他们看见天空中有些奇怪的东西。3. 在以till, until引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词既可是瞬间性动词，也可是延续性动词。例如若主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，句子用否定结构，从句也用瞬间动词。例如：Mr White didnt leave the workshop until he finished his work.怀特先生直到做完了工作才离开车间。Last night I didnt go to bed until my mother came home.昨晚我母亲下班回家后我才睡觉。若主句谓语动词

14、是延续性动词，这时句子用肯定结构和否定结构均可，但含义有差别。试比较：I worked until she fell asleep.我一直工作到她睡着为止。I didnt work until she fell asleep.直到她睡着了，我才工作。英语延续动词与非延续动词的转换练习题1. 我一个月前买了一本书。I bought a book a month ago.I have had a book for a month.It is a month since I bought a book.2. 他们一周前从图书馆借了五本书。They borrowed five books from l

15、ibrary a week ago.They have kept five books for a week.It is a week since they borrowed five books.3. 电影已经开始十分钟了。The film started ten minutes ago.The film has been on for ten minutes.It is ten minutes since the film started.补充练习：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has lef

16、t B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far.A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988.A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000.A. have made B. have been C. m

17、ade D. have become5.Y ou mustnt _ until he comes back.A. be away B. leave C. be left6. The meeting _ for a week now.A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7. Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years.A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8. Ben _ a teacher for 4 years .A. has been B. has

18、become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week.A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ?A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12. He _ the car for a week.A. bought B. has bought C. has had13. -How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks.