(完整word版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)

1、英语长难句结构分析（含2019年高考全国1-3卷长又t句）英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转 换而来。五种基本句式如下：1主语+谓语（不及物动词）2主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语3主语+系动词+表语4主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语5主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如there be,强调句，倒装句等。但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、 复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇 文段的理解。另外，新高

2、考将包括两个写作题：读后续写 （概要写作）和应用文写 作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构” 视为是否得高分的标准之一。 因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说 就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语 （介词短语、非谓语动词、定 语和状语）以及各种从句等。下面分类解析：、复杂主语包括下歹肝青形：含有连词如and, bothand，eitheror，neithernor，notonlybut （also）, as well as非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构 做主语等。如：Those who were hi

3、ghest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “mostlikely to engage （从事）in dangerous and risky behavior. （2019高考全国 I 卷阅读理解 D） （as well as 连接those who.与those least liked做主语）The gunners like to describe what they do as characte-building, but we know that to wou

4、nd an animal and watch it go through the agony（痛苦）of dying can make nobody happy.劭词不定式to do结构做主语）Connecting to the community （社区） as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. （2019高考全国II卷阅读理解 B） （-ing形式做主语）Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can'

5、t forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation.（2018 全国 H 卷 阅读理解D） （-ing形式做主语）What you needis a great teacher who lets you make mistake12019 高考全国 I 卷阅读理解B）（主语从句充当主语）Shackleton,a onetime British merchant -navy officer who had got to within 100 miles

6、 of the South Pole in 1908, started a business.（2016 全国甲卷阅读理 解D）（同位语结构做主语）、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr. Robbins, together with his wife and children, is leaving London for Paris.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. , influenced the developme

7、nt of chopsticks.（ 2016 全国丙卷语法填空）Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.（2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解 D）According to the report's key findings, the proportion（比例I） who say they percent o

8、f 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today. （2018全国卷II阅读 C） _never orhardly everrerferfrom 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. （2016全国甲卷完形填空 ）、复杂表语包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。One （reason） was that I was amazed at t

9、he fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.（2019高考全国卷H短文改错）（表语从句中还含 有一个同位语从句）The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers018 全国卷I阅读C）（表语从句中还含有while并列句）四、复杂宾语包

10、括非谓语动词、（并列）宾语从句（介词后和动词后）等。Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness-earry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.（2019国 I 卷I阅读理解 D）（宾语从句 中含有定语从句）Back in 1983, two scientists, Jac

11、k Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get（2017全国II卷阅读理解D）（宾语从句中含有-ing形式和定语从句）In order to pass the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in

12、 class to our future professions and ,eventually, to our lives.（2018全国卷H完形填空）（ 是介词on所带的宾语从 句，是动词apply所带的宾语从句）Axani wrote in his post that he is not looking for anything in return and that the woman who uses the extra ticket can choose to either travel with him or take the ticket and travel on her ow

13、n. （2017全国in卷完形填空）（wrote带有 2 个由 that引导的宾语从句，第个宾语从句含有who引导的定语从句）五、复杂定语包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、（多个）定语从句等。It ' an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. （2017 全国卷 I阅读理解A）（省略了 that/which的定语从句）To peoplewho a

14、re used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans.（2016全国新课标内卷阅读理解 C） （who引导定语从句）But my connection with pandas goes back t

15、o my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （2016 全国新课标乙卷语法填 空）（when引导的定语从句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定语）Thursday sees us make the short journey to Pariwhere we will visit Disneyland Pa

16、ris park, staying until late to see the parade and the firewor（2018 全国卷 H 阅读 A） （where引导定语从句）Readersalso tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad（ 2016全国新课标内卷阅读理解 D）（含有三个that引导的定语从句）Also

17、, it is not uncommon any more to find carpenters （木匠）with college degreesand carpenters with a solid knowledge of mathematics , which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs.（含有两个 with 介词短语做定语和 which引导的定语从句）Now, using teeth and bone pieces taken from the babys grave, scientists h

18、ave compared the DNA from the Unknown Child with those collected from members of five families who lost relatives on the Titanic and never recovered the bodies（含有两 个-ed形式做定语和who引导的定语从句）六、复杂同位语（同位语从句）While they are rare north of 88 , there is evidencehat they range all the way across the Arctic, and

19、as far south as James Bay in Canada.（2019 全国 I 卷语法填 空）The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV .（2017 全国 H 卷阅读理解 B） （that

20、引导同位语从句，同位语从句内部含有 although引导的状语从句）We shared the beliefthat if you' re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newmans Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the instituteand the festival.（2017年全国II卷阅读

21、理解B）（that引导同位语从句，同位语从句内部含有 if引导的状语从句）七、复杂状语包括介词短语、非谓语动词、（多个）状语从句等。With the college entrance examination around the corner, all the students are occupied with their revision.（with 介词短语做状语）By translating the rich and humourous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL英式手语）,Deafinite

22、ly Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare ' s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience（2017 全国 H 卷阅读理解 A）（两个 by 介词短语做状语）When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananasmake an excellent base fo

23、r thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat（2018 全国ce cream ”阅读B） （-ed形式做状语）The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB"in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress

24、 points are. （2017全国ID卷阅读理解D）（动词不定式to do做状语） Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sightmy happiness deepened） when I learned that Brown's Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carltonwhereluckily for me I wasplanning to have dinner tha

25、t very night（2015全国新课标 I 阅读理解 B） （as和 when 引导状语从句）It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons - a number equato 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in

26、the world.（2014全国新课标I阅读理解 B） （when引导状语从句中，含有-ing形 式做状语）Given that many people's moods （情绪）are regulated by the chemical action of chocolate, it was probably only a matter of time before somebody made the chocolateshop similar to a drug store of Chinese medicine. （2013 全国新课标 H 阅读理解 C） （-ed形式做状语，b

27、efore引导状语从句）In a second study presented at the meeting, scientists from the UK and Denmark showed that even a few days of high temperatures can severely reduce production of crops, such as wheat, soya beans, rice and groundnuts施生），if it occurs when the plants are flowering.（福建卷）（if和when引导状语从句）Accord

28、ing to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young （less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs）, it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. （2011 广东卷 B）（两个 if 弓I 导并列状语从句）八、多个从句且从句套从句He likes that he can sit and check his phon

29、e in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction （交 流）.（2019高考全国II卷阅读理解 C）（是宾语从句，是定语从句，是 状语从句）For this courier job, you' reconsciously aware CD that in that box you' ve got something that is potentially going to save somebo

30、dy （ 2016i险国乙 卷阅读理解 C）（是宾语从句，是定语从句）Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops what may be implied （暗示）is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.（ 2016 全国新课标乙卷阅读理解 D）（是状语从句，是主语从句，是表语从句，是宾语从句） If someone knocks and it

31、s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you' re busyo they can get the hint （f示） that when the door is closed, you ' re not to be disturbed.7全国H卷阅读七选五）（ 是状语从句， 是宾语从句，是同位语从句，是状语语从句）But you can' be successful CD when theres'a lack of trust in a relationship th

32、at results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.（2015全国新课标I阅读七选五）（是状语从句，是定语从句， 是定语从句）Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around mewere arguing as to who should have th

33、e honor of receiving me as a guest in their house2007 高考广东卷）（是宾语从句，是定语从句，是宾语从句）Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature of the kind of high speed, high pressure, high-tech world we now live in.（是宾语从句，是定语从句，是定语从句）It is important because it show您

34、 that regular physical exercise enables us to make better use of the oxygen we breathe in and that this training, in fact, reduces the amount of workD our hearts do.（辽宁卷）（ 是状语从何, 是宾语从句，是定语从句，是并列宾语从句，是定语从句）九、复杂并列句（包含从句）The likables ' pwy-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, ju

35、mp-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.（2019高考全国I卷阅读理解D）We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, but I often had crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller ' accident .（2016 全国丙卷完形填 空）Dark environments are more likely to enco

36、urage overeating,for people are often less selfconsciousg隹为情）when they ' re in poorly lit place and so more likely to eat lots of food.（2015全国新课标H阅读理解 B）When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless, gray steam gathers around the top of the mountainswhich, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine and light up like a crown of glory.（2004 全国卷）Then the perso