2020版第2部分板块1第2讲非谓语动词

1、第2讲非谓语动词全国卷考情分析题型分类典题试做语法填空1. (2018 全国卷 I) You dont have to run fast or for long to_see(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.2. (2018 全国卷 n )The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve)

2、water quality.3. (2018 全国卷 m )I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (challenge)4. (2018 全国卷 m )Once his message was delivered, he allowed m to_ stay (stay) and watch.5. (2017 全国卷 m) But unlike her school friends, 16-year-o

3、ld Sarah is not spending half-term resting(rest).题型分类命题解读语法填空1 .考查非谓语动词的句法功能（状语、定语、宾语、补语、主语和 表语等），以考查主语、宾语、状语居多；2 .考查固定搭配中的非谓语动词。考点一 非谓语动词的形式及意义先试做题组单句语法填空1. (2019 湖北武昌区高三调考)The Yangtze River, known(know) in China as the Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow e

4、ntirely within one country.2. (2019 玉溪月考)You lose weight for a while, only to gain(gain) back more weight when you stop your weight loss program.3. (2019 湖南六校联考)Of course, enjoying(enjoy) a nice meal with friends, whatever we eat, can also impact our spirits. Being with friends and family plays a bi

5、g part in experiencing happiness.再解读要点非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不 定 式式to doto be done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生进行式to be doingX表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式to have doneto have been表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词的动作之前done现 在 分 词/ 动 名 词式doingbeing done表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动 作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehavingbeen done表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生过 去 分 词式don

6、e与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表兀成Having been fired by the company, the man now has difficulties in supportinghis family.被公司解雇了，这位男士难以养活他的家庭。There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前，还有很多问题仍需要解决。考点二非谓语动词作状语先试做题组单句语法填空1. (2019 广东七校联考)We went to a fast f

7、ood restaurant for dinner together. My husband went to the counterio_order(order) dishes and I stood with my parents.2. (2019 合肥检测)Emperor Qin Shihuang simplified Chinese characters and set regular rules, _making(make) it easier for people to learn and master.3. (2019 福州模拟)With my eyes tightly close

8、d(close), I dived in and made my way to the other end.再解读要点1 不定式作状语（1）作目的状语，可用so as to/ in order to替换，但so as to 一般不可置于旬首，意为“为了；想要”。（2016 W匕京卷）To make it easier to get in touch with us , youd better keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。（2）作结果状语，常表示出乎意料的结果，常用于下列结构中：only to do；enough to do（足够做）

9、；tooto do（太而不能）；so/suchasto（如此以至于）等。Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。（3）作原因状语，常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”结构中。这类形容词有：easy，difficult ，hard，cheap，expensive，fit，comfortable，heavy，good，important， impossible， dangerous， surprised， astonished， d

10、elighted， disappointed 等。We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。易错提示语法填空和短文改错中常考查“主语+ be+形容词+不定式 ” 结构 ， 句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 且此时不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。另外需注意的是在该结构中， 不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词， 则要在其后加上适当的介词， 使之构成及物动词短语。2 分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。现在分词作状语

11、时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。Ordered over a week ago the books are expected to arrive any time now&些书是一个多星期以前订购的，现在有望随时到货。Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way using the sun and the stars象古代的船员一样，鸟类可以利用太阳和星星找到它们的路。名师点津 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动， 也不表完成， 而表示一种状态。常见

12、的有：located （坐落于），lost（迷路的），seated（着的），hidden（躲着 的），lost/absorbed/buried in（沉溺于），dressed in（穿着），tired of（厌烦的），faced with（面对着）。Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。3 .独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立 成分。常考的有：generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speakin

13、g , talking of, speaking of, judging from/by , taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank, to tell（you）the truth, to be honest to make things worse 等。Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.从口音判断，他是香港人。To tell you the truth , I am a little tired.说实话，我有点累。4 .独立主格结构非谓语动词

14、作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语 动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。（1）独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同， 它独立存在。独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式 是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。（2）独立主格结构的构成：名词/代词+分词；名词/代词+不定式；with/without +名词/代词+分词/不定式。The test finished （ = When the test was finished）, we began our holiday考试结 束后，我们就

15、开始放假了。考点三非谓语动词作定语先试做题组单句语法填空1. （2019 湖北八校第一次联考）No one can ignore the rich culture doiing（date） back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.2. (2019 洛阳统考)The 15-year-old boy from Oakland has fascinated audience in the U . S. and China with his

16、 ability to sing(sing) pitch-perfect Mandarin (普通话) and perform the ancient Chinese art form.3. (2019 长治五校一联)With a puzzled(puzzle)100k on my face, I pointed to myself and said, “Me? ”4. (2019 重庆联考)I felt like an idiot. I should not have left without charging my cell phone. The battery was dead and

17、I was alone without any way to contact(contact) my family.再解读要点5 .不定式作定语(1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所 修饰的词之间往往是动宾关系，若该不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Suddenly a good idea occurred to her; but she couldnt find any paper to write on.突然她想到了一个好主意，但是她找不到纸把它写下来。(2)序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词/ 代词后，常

18、用不定式作定语。He is always the first to arrive at the school andthe last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。(3)被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见名词：ability , chance,idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让意志力成为一种习惯。The a

19、bility to express an idea is as important as the idea itsel俵达观点的能力 与观点本身同等重要。6 .分词作定语(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式有：现在分词、“ being+过去分词”、过 去分词。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时， 用现在分词；当被修饰的名 词与分词之间为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“ being +过去分词”；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用过去分词(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表 示动作正在进行；过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表被动。To return to t

20、he problem of water pollution , Id like you to look at a study conducted in Australia in 2012.为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。名师点津非谓语动词作定语的解题思路表示被动、完成用过去分词(done);表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表 示被动、进

21、行用being dong表示主动、尚未进行用to do；表示被动的动作尚未 进行用to be dona试比较：The bridge built recently was designed by a local company.Today there are more airplanescarrying more people than ever before in the sky.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company. The questionto be discussed at tomorrows meeting

22、 is very important.考点四非谓语动词作宾语先试做题组单句语法填空1. (2019 龙岩期中)Very often, opportunities come quietly and go by without being_noliced(notice).2. (2019 湖北八校联考)One learns a language by making mistakes and correcting(correct) them.3. (2019 长治一联)I remembered to_lock(lock) the door before I left the office, but

23、forgot to turn off the lights.再解读要点1 .只接不定式作宾语的动词： agree, intend, plan, demand, promise, prepare,decide， refuse，choose，wish，hope，expect，fail （ 未能），pretend，manage，determine，beg， arrange， threaten， claim， hesitate， wait， happen （碰巧）等。She seated herself at a small table in the restaura， ntwaiting to be

24、 served .她坐在餐馆里的一张小桌子旁等着被服务。2 .只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：admit, avoid, consider, escape嫄开）， imagine， mind， miss， practise， sugges，t feel like， give up， put off， object to， look forward to 等。 此外， have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth. ； have fun （in） doing sth等句型中也用动名词作宾语。I avoided mentioning the subject in ca

25、se he should be offended我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。Its quite hot today.Do you feel like going for a swim? 今天很热。你想去游泳吗？3接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：forget to do sth忘记去做某事（未做）forget doing sth忘记做过某事（已做）regret to do sth对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做）regret doing sth对做过的事表示后悔（已做）remember to do sth记得去做某事（未做）remember doing sth记得做过某事（已做）try to

26、 do sth尽力去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事go on to do sth继续做另一件事go on doing sth继续做原来做的事mean to do sth打算做某事mean doing sth意味着做某事cant help （to） do sth.不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth情不自禁地做某事I remembered to lock the door before I left the office， but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。 That would mean wa

27、sting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。 Really? I dont mean to waste any labour.是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop buying the groceries if I found out?她是担忧如果我发现这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货 呢？易错提示(1)动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing 形式的主动形式或 不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词 还

28、有 deserve 值得)。(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teachi, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带弓I导词 how, what, whether, where, when, who 等。(3)介词后一般要接v.-ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语， 若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。考点五非谓语动词作宾补先试做题组单句语法填空1. (2019 济宁二模)Let those in need understand(und

29、erstand) that we will go all out to help them.2. (2019 龙口一模)When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.3. (2019 黄冈一模)The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.4. (2019 成者B诊断)To his surprise, Jack found his son

30、 dressed(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve.再解读要点1.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表将要发 出的主动动作。常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage， expect， forbid， force， intend， invite， order， persuade， prefer， require， remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。If we expect p

31、eople to give up the habit of driving ， we must give them an alternative they can rely on.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。Having finished her project， she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。(1)有些动词，如think， consider， believe， suppose， feel， find ， understand等后常用

32、to be作宾补或主补。Chinese people areconsidered to be the most hard-working people in the world.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2) 在 sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought to do/to have done结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。The president was reported to have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。2 分词作宾补(1)现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系

33、，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see， watch，observe, notice, hear, listen, feel),使役动词(have, get), find , leave, keep, catch 等。Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？(2)过去分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。 可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see， watch， observe， notice，hear, listen, feel),使役动词(h

34、ave, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。Back from his two-year medical service in Africa， Dr.Lee was very happy tosee his mother taken good care of at home.李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务，回 来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点： have sth.dongget sth.done让别人做某事；have sb./sth.doing让一直做某事；getsth./sb.do

35、ing 使 开始做某事； have sb.do sth尸 get sb.to do sth.让某人做某 事。Before driving into the city , you are required toget your car washed .在开车进 城之前，你需要洗洗车。(4)with的复合结构为：with +宾语+ doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生 或经常发生；with +宾语+ done表示被动或完成；with +宾语+ to do表示将 要发生的动作。The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with

36、 their pet dog following them .这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟 着。With such a short time left before the deadline it doesnt seem likely that John will finish the job.截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。With a lot of work to do , she wasnt allowed to leave her office由于有许多工 作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。考点六非谓语动词作主语和表语先试做题组单句语法填

37、空1. (2019 贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures, it is important to_understand(understand) what you can and cannot do.2. (2019 河南八市重点高中二次质检 )I felt hopeless and alone, and more depressed(depress) than I knew was possible.3. (2019 单日城二模)Understanding(understand)your own needs and style

38、s of communication is as important as learning to convey your affections and emotions.再解读要点1 .不定式作主语和表语般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it(1)不定式作主语时，- 作形式主语而将不定式后置No matter how bright a talker you are， there are times when its betterto remain silent.不论你多么能说会道，有些时候保持沉默会更好。(2)不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim, purpose,i

39、dea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为 what 引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来当一名医生。What I want to do most in senior high isto improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。2 动名词作主语和表语(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it 作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。常用于固定句型：Its a waste of time d

40、oing.；Its no use/good doing.；. It is useless doing.；. There is no point doing.等。Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。Its no use complaining without taking action.不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语

41、和主语常常可以互换位置。My job is cleaning the house three times a week(= Cleaning the house three times a week is my job)我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。(3)remain 作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待；留待”时，后常接 to be doneSheremained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down!然我们三 番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。It remains to b

42、e seen whether the newly-formed committees policy can be put into practice.新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。易错提示不定式和动名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数，这是短文改错 中常考的语法点。I .单句语法填空1. Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook (cook) a meal.2. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to_catch (catch).3. T

43、he national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.4. The park was full of people, enjoying(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.5. I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in

44、the wild.6. Though disappointed(disappoint) to know he wouldnt get the job after the interview, Frank thanked us politely.7. When Mom came in, he just pretended to_be sleeping(sleep)8. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier to_break(break) into small pieces.9. Having_fini

45、shed (finish) the painting intended to be a gift for his girlfriend, he had a deep sigh of relief.10. Being_exposed(expose) to as much English as possible is a good way to learn English well.H .语法填空(2019 安徽百所重点高中二模)Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1.(write) in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditionalforms and close 2.(connect) with particular historical periods， such as thepoetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence 3.(document) at least as early asthe p