状语从句用法详解

1、状语从句用法详解内容提要:一、时间状语从句二、地点状语从句二、方式状语从句四、程度状语从句五、原因状语从句六、结果状语从句七、目的状语从句八、条件状语从句九、让步状语从句十、比较状语从句、时间状语从句:1时间状语从句通常用下列从属连词来引导：after, before, as, once, till, until, (ever) since, when, whenever, while, now (that), as long as, as soon as 女口:Now (that) you ' ve grown up, you must stop this childish beha

2、viour.Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.Come and see uswhenever you have time.People do not know the value of health till they lose it.2、有些词，女口 immediately, directly, instantly等，当用于 as soon as意义时，也可以引导时间状语从句，如:I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.My sister

3、came directly she got my message.The machi ne will start instantlyyou p ress the butt on.I ' ll tele phone yodirectlyI hear the n ews.Will you look for it immediately you get there?3.某些表示时间的名词词组，如the (very) moment ( = as soon as ), the minute ( = as soon as ), the instant ( = as soon as ), the d

4、ay, the year, the morning, every time, each time, next time, the first time?，也可以引导时间状语从句，如:I ' ll tell you aboutth e moment you come.I started the instantI heard the report.The instantshe saw him she knew he was her brother.Every timeI catch a cold, I have pain in my back.I ' m going to see

5、hrnaxt time he comes to Shenzhen.He left Europe the yearWorld Warn broke out.He had impressed me that waythe first time I met him.I started the very moment I got your letter.I ' II tell hithe minute (that) he gets here.4.有些关联从属连词，如no soonerthan / hardly when / scarcely when / barelywhen等，也能引导时间状

6、语从句。 女口果把 no sooner, hardly, scarcely, bare置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如:Shehad no sooneiheard the n ews than she fai nted.=No sooner hadshe heard the n ewsthan she fain ted.They had hardlystarted to work when the trouble bega n.=Hardly hadthey started to work when the trouble bega n.He had scarcely) ntered t

7、he room when the phone rang.=Scarcely hadhe en tered the room whe n the phone rang.、地点状语从句:1 地点状语从句常用 where, wherever来弓丨导，如:We will stay where you stay. (where = in the p lace in which; where 既连接主句与从句，又在从句中作副词修饰谓语stay。I found my books where I left them.Wherever he happens to be, Joh n can make himse

8、lf at home.He will work wherever the people n eed him.Let me go wherever (= to any p lace to whichh ey like (to go).2、有时，-where 构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如:Everywherethey went, they were kin dly received / warmly welcomed.We ll goanywhere the Party directs us.、方式状语从句:1、方式状语从句通常由 as, as if, as though来弓丨导，如:Y

9、ou must do the exercisers I show you.Please do exactlyas your doctor says.It looks as if it might snow / is going to snow.He acted as if / though no thi ng had happened.He walked as if he was / were drunk.Mary was behavingas thoughshe hadn ' t grown up.2、在非正式文体或口语中，也可用 the way (that) (= as = in

10、the way inWhich), how, like等来弓丨导，如:Jean doesn ' t cbhe： way I do.She is doing her workthe way I like it done.You can do the jobhow you like.The Ian dlord was watch ing him like(= just as)a cat watches a mouse.Do you make breadlike you make cakes?like作连词的用法补充说明:1). Conjunction (informalK耳非正式)：in

11、the same way that; as同样，女口People who cha nge coun trieslike they cha nge clothes.2) as though; as if 好像，如同felt like rd bee n kicked by a camel.我觉得好像被骆驼踢了似的。四、程度状语从句:程度状语从句可用 to such an exte nt that/ to such a degree（在的范围that ，to the degree/ extent that, in so far as内”等来引导，如:The temp erature rose to

12、such an extent that the fireme n had to leave the burning buildi ng.The temp erature lowered to such a degree thathe water froze.试比较:The temp erature rose so high that the fireme n had to leave the burning buildi ng.The temp erature lowered so much tha the water froze.从以上例句可以看出，程度状语从句往往也表示达到某种程度时所引出

13、的结果，所以程度状语从句和结果状语从句在意义上有相通之处。At that time politicians were not known to the degree that they aretoday.那时政治家们并不像今天这样为人所知晓。I'll help you in so far as can.我会尽我所能帮助你。五、原因状语从句:1、引导原因状语从句最常用的连词是because, since和as,所引导的从句可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后。其中because语势最强，since次之，as 又次之。 because通常表示说话人认为这种理由或原因是听话人所不知道why的，

14、全句强调的重点在原因上，不在主句表示的结果上。回答提出的问题时，只能用 because 在强调句型中也只能用 because从.句，不能用since, as等，如:Because can ' t see very well, I have to sit near the front.It was becausehe was ill that he didn ' t go with us.It was becausdne was ill that he didn ' t come. since和as引导的句子，重点在主句的内容，其原因或理由在说话人看来已很明显，或已为听话

15、人所熟悉，since和as只是一种附带的说明原因，不是对原因进行强调，如:As he is work ing hard, he is likely to succeed.d better ask some one else.Sincehe can ' t answer the question, youAs / Sincehe was not at home, I spoke to his brother.Sinceyou in sist, I will recon sider the matter.As he was in a hurry, he left his bag at ho

16、me. for是并列连词，它引导的句子只能后置。表示因果关系时，可以和because换用；但当它用于对主句的内容加以解释或推断时,不能用because代替，如:He couldn ' t have seen because / fori was not here.The ground is wet, for / becauseit rained last ni ght.It rained last ni ght, for the ground is wet this morni ng. because之前可以加上 simply, only, jus等强调词，如:You shouldn

17、' t get atjusbecausesome people speak ill of you.2、复合连词也可以引导原因状语从句. 这些连词有：now (that), seeing (that), considering (that), for the reason that, by reason that, for fear that, that 等，如:Now (that) (= Sinceyou men tio n it, I do remember.Now (that) he is absent, you ' ll have to do the work by yo

18、urself.s start.'s have dinner.Now (=Since)the rain has stopp ed, letSeeing (that)all the guests have arrived, letShe did n ' tfgo fear that she would get lost.He has done very well,considering (thathe has no exp erie nee.I haven ' t finished writing the reportynot that (= not because) di

19、slike the work, but that (= but because) have not time.Consideringthat they are just beg inn ers, they are doing quite a good3在“主语+ be +形容词+ that ”句型中，主语通常是人，形容词通常为：glad, happy, Pleased, sorr等表示感情的形容词，这时 that可以看作原因状语从句，如:We are glad that (= because e have reaped ano ther bumper harvest.I m glad (tha

20、t)you are all right.We are sure thatour team will wi n.I' m pl easeUat you have decided to come.六、结果状语从句结果状语从句往往放在主句之后， 通常主句是因，从句是果，这和原因状语从句刚好相反，例如:t come.He was ill, so that he did nHe did n t come because he was ill.1结果状语从句通常用下列连词引导：sothat, suchthat, such that, so that, that等，例如:He was so angr

21、y that he left the room without say ing a word.The book is writte n in such simple En glish that we beg inn ers can un dersta nd it without much difficulty.It was such abad accide nt that several people got injured.His dilige nee wassuch thathe made great p rogress.He did n ' t p la n his time w

22、so, that he did n ' t fin ish the work in time.She worried so that she could hardly eat her supper.What have I done that you should be so angry with me?2、应注意的几个问题: 在非正式文体中，由 sothat, such (a)that引导的结果状语从句，往往可以省略连词that，这时，从句之前往往用逗号与主句隔开，在口语中则用停顿表示省略。He was so tired (,) (that)he could hardly sta nd

23、.P eter is such agood boy (,) (that) he is loved by everybody.You walkso fast (that)I can ' t keepe> with you.We left in such ahurry (that) we forgot to lock the door.He was so rude (that) she refused to sp eak to him. 当so修饰动词时，后面应稍停顿，如:His heart beat so A that he could hardly breathe.She wor

24、ried so Ahat she could hardly eat her supper. 当so位于句首时，主句的语序应倒装，如:Sobadly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.、目的状语从句1、目的状语从句通常使用的连词有：so that, in order that, that, so否定的句式常用lest, in case, for fear tha来引导。目的状语从句中一般要有can, may, could, might,

25、 will, would,should等情态动词，如:Bri ng it closer (so) that I may see it better.I put dow n his address for fear that I should forget it.The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can / may un dersta nd well.We'sit nearer the front sowe can hear better.(非正式或口语)The driver looked over the engin

26、e carefully lest it (should)go wrong on the way.P lease remind me of it aga in tomorrow in caseI forget.Take an umbrella with you, in case (= for fear that)t rains / it may rain / it should rain.He left early in casehe should miss the train.2、so that / so既可以引导目的状语从句.又可以引导结果状语从句.其区别可以根据上下文的意义来判断，也可以从

27、其结构上来判断。 凡在讲话时，so that / so从句之前有停顿，在文字中 so that /从句之前有逗号，贝伪结果状语从句，否则为目的状语从句，如:We all arrived at eight, so (that) the meeti ng bega n promp tly.(结果状语从句）We'come at eight so (that) the meeti ng can beg in early.(目的状语从有时，由so that或so引导的结果状语从句之前并没有逗号，这时，就要看从句中有没有can, may, could, might, will, would, sh

28、ou|ld等情态动词，如果有，多半是目的状语从句，如果没有，多半是结果状语从句，如:I am going to the lecture early so that I' get a good seat.(目的状语从I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.结果状语从句) 目的状语从句可以移至句首，而结果状语从句不能前移，如:So that he could be heard in every room, John spoke through a micro pho ne.（目的状语从句）Joh n sp oke thro

29、ugh a micr ophone so that he was heard in every room.（结果状语从句）八、条件状语从句1、条件状语从句通常用下列连词引导：if, unless, supposing (that仅在问句中使用)，suppose (that), in case, so / as long as, so far as, on condition (that), p rovided (that)等，例如:In casehe comes, let me know.You can go outas / so long aou pro mise to be back be

30、fore eleve n.I will come aga in tomorrow p rovided (that)I have time. (= if)Suppo sing (that)t rains tomorrow, what shall we do? (= if)'ll lose farthpieteou cUnlessyou tell him yourself, he we ll let you use the roomon condition that / provided thalyou keep it clea n and tidy.2、有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使

31、句后面要搭配and，如:Come tomorrow, and I will tell you.(=If you come tomorrow, I will tell you.)Give him an inch and hell teke a miMake up your mind, or youll miss the cha nee.'ll take a mile.)Hurry up, or (else) youll be late.(=If you give him an in ch, he注：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词 or或otherwise,女口:Start at on ce

32、, or / otherwise you ' II miss the train.'II miss the train.)(=If you don' Start at once, you ' II miss the train.) (=Unlessyou start at on ce, you3、if only是if的强调式，通常表示说话人强烈的愿望,但愿,真希望”女口:If only it clears up, we ' II go.If only somebody had toId us, we couId have warned you.如果有人告

33、诉了我们，我们就会让你提防的。注：if only引导的状语从句有时可以不依附于主句而独立存在，表示说话人的希望、愿望或遗憾等心情，如:If only he comes in time. (= I hope he will come in time.)'t drive so fast.)If only he didn ' t drive so fast. (= I wish he didnIf only I hadn ' t been late for work.(=I wish I hadn' t been late for work.)4、在真实条件句中，从句

34、动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间，主If you move, I' shoot you.If I p ressthis butt on, what will happen?If you come you can see it.句通常带有情态动词，如:If you finish early, youmay go.注 当从句表示将来已经完成或正在进行的动作时，动词用现在完成时或现在进行时，如:I will retur n the book on Mon day if I have read itThe police won ' t take your car avyayj are

35、sitting in it.注如果从句表示现在的意图、意愿、决心等，则可以用will / shall,如:If you will read the book, I ' ll let you have it.If you will help me, we can finish by six.If you will give up smoki ng / drinking, your health will improve.5、有一种条件句，其从句动词不管主语的人称和数如何，一律用“should +不定式”，主句动词可根据意义需要采取不同形式，如:If he shouldhear of yo

36、ur marriage, he would be surp rised.'ll tell yoolthetorty.If you shoulchear the n ews, p lease let us know.If you shoulcbe in terested, IIf it should rain we had better stay in doors.If he should comeomorrow, I would tell him everyth ing.注：在正式文体中，可用 should I (we, you etc)代替 If I (we, you etc.) s

37、hould ，如:+不定式，如:Shouldl be free tomorrow, I will come.Shouldyou see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?Shouldyou see my mother, tell her I am quite well.6、非真实条件句: 当从句表示与现在事实相反的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时或were型虚拟式，主句动词用 would / should / could / might + 不定式，如:If I were you, I should con sult a doctor.If I lived

38、in the twenty-first century, my life might be different in a nu mber of ways. 当从句表示与过去事实相反的条件时，从句动词用过去完成时, 主句动词用 would / should / could / might不定式完成式，如:If he had triedhard last term, he would have succeededIf he had takerhis doctor' s advicmjgiht not have died 当从句表示将来不大可能实现的条件时，从句动词用一般过去时 或 were

39、 / was to +不定式，主句动词用 would / should / could / mightWhat would you do if it snowedtomorrow?He wouldn ' t dcurk less you were toorder him to. 在正式文体中可用“were + 主语”等倒装结构代替“ if +主语+ were”等结构；“had +主语+ ed分词”代替“if +主语+ had + ed分词”结构,如:Were I in your place, I would be very worried.Were Johnto go to the u

40、ni versity, he would have to work hard.Had the captain bee n more careful, his shipwould not have been sunkHad it not bee n for the expen se, I should have gone tdtaly.7、unless与ifnot的用法比较:If you don' start at once, you will miss the train.Unlessyou start at on ce, you will miss the tra in.unless

41、在意义上相当于ifnot，在有些场合两者可以交替使用,但在有些场合又不可以互换，以下是不可互换的情况:当ifnot引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可以改用unless例如:If she werent so silly, she would understand.（事实上她很傻，改成Unlessshe were so silly含义为她不傻）If I hadnt stopped her, she would have jumped into the river.（事实上我阻止了她，改成 Unless I had stopped her含义为我没有阻止她。）unless表示除外的唯一条件，因此通常

42、不能用and连接两个unless从句，而ifnot则不受此限，如:She won ' t lose weight she does not keep a diet and if she does nottake exercises every day.She won ' t lose weightnlessshe keeps a diet and takes exercises everyday.(不说：unlessshe keeps a diet and unlessshe takes exerciseseveryday.)unless从句中可用否定词，而ifnot从句中不可

43、再加否定词，因此在unless引导的否定从句中，不可用 ifnot代替unless，如:I will go unless no one else does.I will go if no one else doesn Xt.Don' t ask me to ex plain uni ess you really dont un dersta nd.Don' t ask me to explain if you really not dont un dersta nd.x 在ifnot从句中通常用非肯定词，而在unless引导的肯定形式I will be very angry i

44、f you haven' spoken to her yet.I will be very angry unlessyou have already spoken to her.的条件从句中，通常用肯定词，而不用非肯定词，如:九、让步状语从句1.弓丨导让步状语从句的主要连词有although, though, as, eventhough / if 等。He is unhapp ythough he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但他不快乐。They will sta nd by youeven if you fail.即使你没成功，他们也会支持你。注意：alth

45、ough/though 不可与but连用，但可与yet, still 等连用。例如。Thoughit was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们仍然继续踢足球。2. as引导让步状语从句时，需倒装，从句中的表语和状语或动词原形要置于句首；though引导时，倒装或不倒装皆可。如表语是名词,不可加冠词；若动词原形前置，从句要有 may或 might。例如:Child as he is, he knows a lot.尽管是个孩子，他却懂得很多。Try ashe might he could not find a job.不管怎么努力，他还是找不到工作。3. when禾口 while 也可引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然” 。例如:While they are my n eighbors, I do not know them well.虽然他们是我的邻居，但我并不很熟悉他们。4whether o可引导让步状语从句，意为：不管是 还是,不论是否。例如