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1、毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学 院： 自动化工程学院 姓 名： 孟祥光 专 业：自动化 学号：2012307010628测控技术与仪器 班级：自动126(用外文写)外文出处：资料1：Hydrolysis Mechanism of Fe()Solution Containing Phosphate 资料2： desalination 275 (2011) 17-25 附 件： 资料1：1.翻译译文；2.外文原文。 资料2：1.翻译译文；2.外文原文。指导教师评语： 签名： 2012年4 月 6 日附件1：外文资料翻译译文含磷酸根的三价铁盐水解机理的研究摘要:含有少量磷酸根的三价铁盐的水解过程是相

2、当复杂的,它可分为两个阶段,即:成核前的水解机理和成核后的水解机理.前一个阶段的水解机理可用逐时络合比色法进行研究.此法把三价铁水解过程中的形态区分为Fe(a)、Fe(b)和Fe(c)三类,它们分别代表了三价铁盐水解产生的不同聚合度的聚合物.后一个阶段的水解机理用磷钼兰法、高倍透射电镜和XPS图谱等进行了探索.结果表明,当含磷酸根的三价铁盐水解、聚合时,由于部分磷酸根可能被包裹于其中,因此成核速率和相转化速率大大降低.关键词:磷酸根;纺锤形 Fe2O3粒子;水解机理椭球的赤铁矿颗粒生产高品位的磁介质是由于其光滑的理想材料，在室内没有磁极的无孔表面。目前，它们的制备定量方法包括铁盐溶液的强制水解

3、法和水热合成法。这两种方法都需要少量的磷酸盐离子作为生长调节剂。分离Fe2o3椭球颗粒强制水解，没有文献试图说明三价铁的水解过程含有磷酸已找到解决方案。为了了解水解过程中，三价铁的变化是有磷酸盐的存在还是不存在，其水解过程中聚合物与络合离子定时法研究该三价铁的约束的原因也阐述了。1.1材料分析纯试剂和双蒸馏水进行实验。测定了其使用前的铁溶液和磷酸盐的浓度。制备0.2%（质量分数）试剂溶液，浓HNO3溶液双蒸馏水稀释后的三倍。氟化钠氯化亚锡溶液制备：24克氟化钠溶解在100 ml热水；冷却后，加入2克氯化亚锡进行；然后混合物过滤。1.2铁水解过程中形态分布的测定三价铁溶液和磷酸溶液分别进行水解反

4、应在沸腾时，将300毫升加入500毫升瓶，这是由电磁搅拌器加热，和一个700毫米全球回流冷凝器的安装。样品溶液沸腾时开始。然后，他们在几分钟内采取了一次，直到初始磷应运而生。采用络合离子定时分光光度法在分光光度计在波长600 nm的样品的吸收率。可以计算出铁（甲）、铁（铁）和铁（铁）的含量。Fe（a）包括游离三价铁离子和单羟基聚合物；Fe（b），过渡传统的低聚合物种类和Fe（c），数百三价铁聚合物离子。1.3测定水解过程中的磷酸盐浓度上面提到的实验装置也被使用。一旦最初的沉淀出现，第一个样品立即被带到Fe2O3椭球粒子完全形成ED，即磷酸盐浓度基本不发生变化。通用高速离心机是用来除去沉淀。沉淀

5、物洗涤多次洗涤溶胶执行加入母液。然后，将母液稀释到一定体积。通过对磷钼蓝分光光度法测定该溶液的吸收率在波长为660纳米的波长相同的可测量的程序。 1.4实验为后一种机制 为了阐明成核的机制，高分辨率透射电子显微镜进行了600个仪器。椭球Fe2O3颗粒XPS能谱也与ESCA labmk 2×RA患者进行2结果与讨论 2.1的水解过程Fe（NO3）3和Fe（NO3）3质量体系 当水解0.097 1 mol/L的Fe（NO3）3溶液发生在100，反应液采样前的初始沉淀的0、3、8、15 min、20 h和三价Fe浓度n，当每个样品混合与溶液定期测量。三价Fe浓度随时间的变化，给出了不同的样

6、本。 2.2 在椭球Fe2O3颗粒生长的磷的吸附与解吸 磷的吸附与解吸曲线在0.2 mol/L的Fe（NO3）和2.4×10-3 mol/L，1.8×10-3 mol/L磷酸二氢钠混合煮沸回流，分别为水解。3结论（1）Fe的变化（a），Fe（b）和（c）铁Fe（NO3）3的水解过程中溶液中含有磷酸根离子被络合离子的分光光度法测定复杂时间。它被显示磷酸根离子会阻止Fe（NO3）3溶液的水解。因为一些磷酸盐离子可能包括在聚合物的三价Fe聚集，三价Fe解决方案无法转化直到磷离子被羟基取代或改变了结构。其结果是，水解率降低。（2） 可以证明，椭球形颗粒被溶解结晶聚集的条件下，较小的

7、等比个亚基组成聚集形成。在椭圆Fe2O3颗粒表面的一些磷酸盐离子在椭球粒子的形成时是根据磷的吸附与解吸曲线，XPS谱嗯，椭球Fe2O3颗粒和高分辨率TEM。磷酸根离子在三价铁的水解过程相当复杂溶液中含有磷酸。附件1：外文原文EHydrolysis Mechanism of Fe()Solution Containing PhosphateAbstract: The hydrolysis process of Fe()solution is rather complicated when small amounts of phosphate ions are present. Two mecha

8、nisms can be used to describe the process, i.e., those before nucleation and after nucleation. The former was studied by the Ferron complex ion timed spectrophotometric method and the aqueous species of Fe() were classified into three categories, which represent respectively different polymers durin

9、g hydrolysis. The latter was investigated by the phosphomolybdate blue method, high resolution TEM and XPS spectrum. It was concluded that the rate of nucleation and the rate of phase transformation were decreased because some phosphate ions were possibly included in the polymer when the primary par

10、ticles ofFe2O3 hydrolyzed and aggregated.Key words: phosphate; ellipsoidalFe2O3particles; hydrolysis mechanism Ellipsoidal hematite particles are ideal materials to produce high grade magnetic recording medium due to their smooth, hole free surface with no magnetic pole in the interior. At present,

11、their preparation methods include the forced hydrolysis method of ferric salt solutions1 3 and hydrothermal synthesis4. Both methods need little phosphate ions as a growth regulating agent.Although the preparation of ellipsoidal_Fe2O3 particles with forced hydrolysis has been reported5,6,no literatu

12、re attempting to illustrate the hydrolysis process of Fe()solutions containing phosphate has been found. In order to understand the hydrolysis process, the change of Fe()polymers during the hydrolysis in the presence or absence of phosphate was studied with the Ferron complex ion timed spectrophotom

13、etric method7 and the reason for the restraint of Fe()solutions hydrolysis in the presence of phosphate was also expounded in this paper.1Materials and Methods1.1Materials The analytically pure reagents and doubly distilled water were needed in the experiment. The concentrations of Fe()solution and

14、that containing phosphate were measured before their uses. The preparation of 0.2%(in mass)Ferron solution was the same as that. The concentrated HNO3 solution was trebly diluted with doubly distilled water. The preparation of NaF SnCl2 solution as follows: 24 g NaF were dissolved in 100 mlhot water

15、; after cooling, 2 g SnCl2 were added; then the mixture was filtered. The solution was only used on the day.1.2Measurement of Morphology Distribution of Fe()in the Hydrolysis Process The solution with Fe()only and the solution containing phosphate were respectively hydrolyzed under boiling reflux.30

16、0 mL reactant was added into a 500 mL three neck flask, which was heated by electromagnetic stirrer, and a 700 mm global reflux condenser was installed. The samples were taken at once when the solutions tarted boiling. Then they were taken once in several minutes till the initial precipitates came i

17、nto being. The sample absorptivity was measured by Ferron complex ion timed spectrophotometric method on spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 600 nm. The contents of Fe(a), Fe(b)and Fe(c)could be calculated. Fe(a)includes free Fe()ions and all monomeric hydroxyl polymer; Fe(b), transitional low poly

18、meric species and Fe(c), polymer of several hundreds Fe()ions.1.3Measurement of Phosphate Concentration in the Hydrolysis Process The experimental installation mentioned above was also used. As soon as the initial precipitates appeared, the first sample was immediately taken till Fe2O3 ellipsoidal p

19、articles were completely formed, i.e., the phosphate concentration did not change basically.High speed universal centrifuges were used to remove the precipitates. The precipitates were washed for several times and the washing solution was added into the mother solution. Then, the mother solution was

20、 diluted to a definite volume. The absorptivity of this solution was measured by phosphomolybdate blue method on the spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 660 nm with same measurable procedures 。1.4Experiment for the Latter Mechanism In order to elucidate the mechanism after nucleation, high resoluti

21、on TEM was performed with an H 600 instrument. XPS spectrum of ellipsoidal Fe2O3 particles was also performed with ESCA LabMK 2 X ray photoelectron spectroscopy using MgK radiation.2Results and Discussion2.1Hydrolysis Process of Fe(NO3)3 and Fe(NO3)3 NaH2PO4 System When the hydrolysis of 0.097 1 mol

22、/L Fe(NO3)3 solution took place at 100 , reacting solution was sampled before the emergency of initial precipitates at 0, 3, 8, 15 min and 20 h and Fe()concentration was measured regularly as soon as every sample was mixed with Ferron solution. The changes of Fe()concentration with time are given fo

23、r different samples.2.2Phosphate Adsorption and Desorption in the Growth of Ellipsoidal_Fe2O3 Particles The curve of phosphate adsorption and desorption are given when 0.2 mol/L Fe(NO3)3and 2.4×10-3 mol/L, 1.8×10-3 mol/L NaH2PO4 were mixed with boiling reflux, respectively, for the hydroly

24、sis.3Conclusions (1) The changes of Fe(a), Fe(b) and Fe(c)during the hydrolysis of Fe(NO3)3 solutions containing phosphate ions was measured by the Ferron complex ion timed spectrophotometric method. It was shown that phosphate ions might prevent the hydrolysis of Fe(NO3)3 solutions. Because some ph

25、osphate ions were possibly included in the polymers by Fe()aggregation, the Fe() solutions could not be transformed into nuclei until phosphate ions were replaced by hydroxyl or the structure was changed. As a result, the ratio of hydrolysis was decreased. (2)It could be proved that ellipsoidal part

26、icles were formed by aggregation of smaller anisometric subunites under redissolution crystallization aggregation conditions. There were some phosphate ions on the surface of ellipsoidal Fe2O3 particles during the formation of ellipsoidal particles according to the curve of phosphate adsorption and

27、desorption,the XPS spectrum of ellipsoidal Fe2O3 particles and the high resolution TEM. The effectof phosphate ions was rather complicated in the hydrolysis process of Fe()solutions containing phosphate.附件2：外文资料翻译译文用离子色谱法分析火电厂水的应用和验证：水汽循环中腐蚀性阴离子的分析关键词：微量阴离子 腐蚀 电容率 水汽循环 发电厂摘要：在这项研究中，我们已经研究出在火电厂车间使用抑制

28、的离子色谱的方法，来监测可能引起腐蚀过程的离子种类。开发出应用离子色谱法函数来检测电厂采样水中目标离子的不同等级。具体方法是：应用大型循环直喷技术，对样品水进行注射，用抑制电导度检测法分离和检测分析物中的离子。这种验证的分析方法被应用到研究线性条件，灵敏度，精密度和准确度等多个方面。在R>0.995的浓度范围之内，这个方法是线性的。在其检测范围之内，当， 的浓度分别为0.080, 0.160, 0.180, 0.230 和.200 g/L时用和作为洗脱剂。当和的浓度分别为0.077 和0.082 g/L时用作为洗脱剂。导出数据显示,平均回收率一般范围在60- 120%。这种新方法的性能，

29、在电厂水汽取样中得到了评估。1. 简介 在电厂中，检测发电过程中使用的各种水流中离子杂质的含量和运动是至关重要的，这些水流包括：进水，锅炉水，蒸汽和冷却水。腐蚀性的离子，例如：钠，氯化物和硫盐酸，即使在低浓度的情况下也可能使电厂车间的蒸汽发生器，锅炉管和涡轮叶片等发生应力腐蚀开裂。在发电过程中，测量离子的杂质，能为分析污染物的来源提供有价值的信息，同样的，在电厂启动和关机过程当中，污染物的积累和可能的腐蚀速率也是十分有效和及时的数据。对于控制腐蚀过程来说，监控过程水中的阳离子是十分重要的，已经研究出针对金属离子，特别是铜，铁，钠，钙，镁等的腐蚀指标的方法和技术。与此同时，我们也确定通过检测水中

30、负离子的浓度来监控腐蚀过程是一个更好的办法。综上所述，负离子的检测和控制这种研究方法必须得到发展。在所有的离子当中，我们发现氟离子是火力发电厂中最易造成腐蚀的离子，它会不但会腐蚀金属表层，还会造成孔状腐蚀。氯化物离子对于整个水汽环节，包括锅炉，汽轮机，冷凝器，管道都有负面影响，为了维持高可靠性和了解设备的使用寿命，必须要实现一种高质量的工作介质既水和蒸汽。因为这些原因，人们提出了关于TPP的高效净水技术，和现代水汽周期的系统控制和检测的相关概念。在水汽循环的所有环节中实施新的净化操作线和在线控制水，是十分重要的。为了监测超纯水的质量，本文介绍两类参数：控制和诊断参数。这些水质参数需要快速精准的

31、测量，以便于在操作点的人员估计水质。在电厂浓度有高到底的水样品中快速，准确的确定腐蚀性阴离子是一项具有挑战性的问题。在过去的20年里，离子色谱法（IC）已经成为解决这个问题的一种必不可少的重要技术。因为IC提供了一个分离和鉴定浓度从高到底的特种离子的独特能力。在百万分之一和十亿分之一范围内的阴离子，可以用直喷技术轻易的分析出来。为了确定低与百万分之一和十亿分之一范围的离子杂质含量，通常是使用各种样品。附件2：外文原文Application of ion chromatography in the analysis of water in thermal power plants: an ana

32、lysis of the corrosive anions in the water vapor cycleKey words: Micro anion corrosion capacity water vapor cycle power plantAbstract: In this study, we have developed suppressed ion chromatography method is used in the thermal power plant, to monitor the corrosion process of ionic species may cause

33、. Developed by ion chromatography function to detect a power plant sampling different grades of the target ion in water. Specific methods are: application of the large scale circulation direct injection technology, for water samples injected with suppressed conductivity degree method was used to det

34、ect the separation and detection of the analyte in the ion. Verify this analysis method was applied to study the linear conditions, sensitivity, precision and accuracy and multiple aspects.When ， concentration respectively to 0.080, 0.160, 0.180, 0.230 and 200 g / L with as eluent. When 0.077 and 0.

35、082 g / L are used as the concentration of with as eluent. Export data display, average recovery rate generally in the range of 60 to 120%. This new method of performance, in the power plant water vapor sampling get the evaluation.1.brief introduction When the pipe used in power plant, the test gene

36、ration process in various flow ion impurity content and exercise is essential, these streams include: water, boiler water, steam and cooling water. The corrosion of ions, such as sodium, chloride and sulphate, even at low concentrations may also make the power plant steam generator, boiler and turbi

37、ne blade occurred stress corrosion cracking. In the power generation process, measurement of ionic impurities, for analysis of pollutant sources to provide valuable information, the same, in the power plant startup and shutdown process, pollutant accumulation and possible corrosion rate is also very

38、 effective and timely data. For corrosion control and monitoring of process water cation is very important had been developed for against metal ions, especially copper, iron, sodium, calcium, magnesium corrosion index method and technology. At the same time, we also determined the by detecting water

39、 negative ion concentration to monitor the corrosion process is a better way. To sum up, the negative ion detection and control of this research methods must be developed. In all the ions, we found the fluoride ion is in thermal power plant, the most easily cause corrosion of ion, it will not only corrosion of the metal surface, can also cause corrosion of porous. Chloride ion has a negative effect on the whole water vapor link, including boiler, steam turbine, condenser and pipe. In order to maintain the service life of the high reliability and understanding of equipment must be to a