英语语音基础知识

1、英语语音基础知识要想说好英语语音，就要有英语语音的一些基本知识。以下内容供你参考。1关于语音的几个概念 1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节：a) 辅音+元

2、音+辅音+e name bike;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi8)闭音节：a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2. 元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling 2)i sit, build, miss, myth  3)e bed, desk, head,  4)æ bad, land, bank, stamp  5)a: car, fast, class, plant, cal

3、m, aunt 6) hot, want 7) : door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught  8)u: good, who, blue, soup,  9)u look, put, women, could  10) cup, come, blood, rough  11): girl, work, serve, nurse  12) cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Sat

4、urday  13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great,  14)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye  15)u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow  16)au house, town  17)i boy, oil  18)i dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,  19) pear, care, there, fair  20)u tour, poor,3. 容

5、易混淆的元音1)e æ bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land  2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid  3)e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide  4)au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause  5)au found fond; gown gone; down don4

6、. 辅音1)p pen,  2)b bed, comb  3)t tell,  4)d, day, played, wanted  5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box  6)g big, go, guess, language  7)m man  8)n nine, knife, autumn  9) bank, uncle, English, sing,  10)l land, world  11)r read, write,

7、0; 12)f five, cough, laugh  13)v voice, of  14) think,  15) ð this, bathe  16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf  17)z zoo, close,  18) sure, she, social, nation  19)/ pleasure,  20)h hot, who, hour  21)w wall, what, answer  22)j yes  23)t c

8、hild, teach, catch  24)d/ joke, bridge,  25)ts boats  26)dz goods  27)tr tree  28)dr dream5. 容易混淆的辅音1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well  2)s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math  3)z ð closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes  4)

9、n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang  6. 读音规则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2)非重读音节 banana, student, today, after,i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊读音1)音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all2)失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3)

10、音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?8. 重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorryb)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词，第二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn,

11、res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,  im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late  c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'co

12、rd; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent  d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'wa

13、r, 'post-'war  B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.  b)有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicat

14、ed,es'tablishment,  c)词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词，重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation,

15、 re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective  d)词尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette  2)句子重音A) 英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B) 英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C) 实词重读（副词重读），虚

16、词轻读(冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D) 实词不重读的特殊情况a) 实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks.  b) 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in the railway station.  c) 代替词Which book do you want? The small one.  d) 感叹词中的 what 和howWhat a good day it is! How beaut

17、iful she is!  e) street 在专有名词中Wangfujing Street.f) this在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE)虚词重读的特殊情况a) 情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can.  I don't like you. He isn't a worker.  b) 情态动词表示可能，

18、惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.  c) 介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.  d) 引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.  e)反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself.&#

19、160;一、英语的基本拼读规则1元音字母a及其字母组合的读音（见表1.1）表1.1元音字母和字母组合读  音说  明例  词例  外Aei在重读开音节中grade，face，table，namehave hAvA在重读闭音节中map，practice，that，plan，hand  E在非重读音节中above, about, among，woman  Rw+awatch, what，wash，walletwater wR:tEi在重读音节后的音节中village, orange, comradeoperateCpEreitB:a+n（

20、或ss，sp，sk，st，th，f）answer, grant, class, grasp, basket，fast，bath，aftersandsAnd standstAndlandlAnd bandbAndai，ayei在重读音节中straight，afraid，paint，rain  i在非重读音节中Monday，mountain，holiday，captainweekdaywi:kdei  birthdaybE:WdeiAirZ在重读音节中repair，chair，hair，stair  AlC:在辅音之间chalk，call，smal

21、l，walkhalf hB:f  saltsC:ltArB:在重读音节中party，artist，farm，cardtowardtEwC:d  marrymAriquarterkwC:tE variousvZEriEsE在非重读音节中grammar，collar，sugar  AreZE在重读音节中glare，care，stare，dare  AuC:  August，autumnauntB:nt  becausebikCz AustraliaCstreiliEAughC:  caught，taught，daughterla

22、ughlB:fAwC:  draw，law，saw  2元音字母e及其字母组合的读音（见表1.2）表1.2元音字母和字母组合读  音说  明例  词例  外ei:在重读开音节中complete，even，these，  e在重读闭音节中better，enter，freshprettypritiE在非重读音节中happen，open, problem  i在前缀和后缀中depend，behind，needed  续表元音字母和字母组合读  音说  明例  词例  外e

23、ae  breath，head，ready，dead  i:  breathe，season，least，deal，teach  iE  really，real，theatre, idearealityriAlitiei  great，break  eei:  greet，deep，keep，meet  ei（ie）i:  receive，thief, believeeighteit friendfrend heighthaiterE:在重读音节中verb，her，term，serveterri

24、bleterEbl merrymeriE在非重读音节中worker，paper  eariE  dear， clear，near，hear  E:  search，learn，earth，earnhearthB:teeriE  pioneer，deer  -edt前面是清辅音（t除外）jumped，talked，worked，helped  d前面是浊辅音（d除外）和元音loved，answered， closed， stayed  id前面是t或dneeded，shouted，skated  3元音字母

25、i及其字母组合的读音（见表1.3）表1.3 元音字母和字母组合读  音说  明例  词例  外i（y）ai在重读开音节中Friday，fine，drivegiveivi在重读闭音节中strict，think，artistwildwaildieai在重读词尾lie，tie，die，pie  i:  believe，piece，fieldfriendfrend quietkwaiEtirE:  girl，bird，first，birthmirrormirEighai  fight，right，tight，night&#

26、160; ildaild  wild，child，mild  ireaiE  admire，hire，fire, entire  indaind  behind，find，kindwind wind-iedid  worried，carried，hurried，studiedterrified5terifaid4元音字母o及其字母组合的读音（见表1.4）表1.4 元音字母和字母组合读 音说  明例  词例  外oEu在重读开音节中spoke，pole，noteimproveim5pru:v, lovelQ

27、v, whosehu:z, loselu:z, tombtu:m, provepru:vC在重读闭音节中monument，along，shop，cloth  E在非重读音节中observe，towards，polite  Eu在某些词的词尾 envelope，piano， photo，radio  Q  worry，another，son，cover  u  woman，wolf，into  oaEu  coat，boat，road，coalbroadbrC:doi，oyCi  noise，en

28、joy，choice，boy  oou:  school，soon，fool，loose  u后面是t，d，k时good，book，look，footfoodfu:d, shootFu:t bootbu:tQ  flood，blood  orC:在重读音节中worn，horse  E:在重读音节中world，work，worseworry5wQri, foreign5fCrinforest5fCrist, borrow5bCrEutomorrowtE5mCrEuE在非重读音节中actor，doctor，visitor  ou

29、au  mouse，ground，southsoulsEulu:  youth，group，wound  Q  trouble，touch，country  owau  down，town，how，allowknowledge5nClidVEu  snow，grow，window  oughC:  bought，  thought，oughtcoughkCf, enoughi5nQftoughtQf, ploughplauthroughWru:ourauE在重读音节中flour，hour，our

30、tourtuEC:在重读音节中four，pour，coursejourney5dVE:niE在非重读音节中honour，favour，colour  5元音字母u及其字母组合的读音（见表1.5）表1.5 元音字母和字母组合读 音说  明例  词例  外uju:在重读开音节中student，use，pupil，hugesugarFuEQ在重读闭音节中but，cut，up，hurrytruthtru:WbusybiziE在某些非重读音节中autumn，difficult，successinstituteinstitju:t, communismkCmjuni

31、zEmurE:  hurt，nurse，turn，burnhurryhQriE  surprise，Saturday  6辅音字母的读音（见表1.6）表1.6 辅音字母和字母组合读 音说  明例  词例  外cs在元音字母e，i，（y）之前nice，twice，citymusicianmju: ziFEnk在a，o，u或辅音字母之前call，card，uncle，medical  chtF  choose，change，child，beachSandwichk  headache，stomach，chemical，school  F  moustache，machin