六章数据抽象-类ppt课件

1、第六章 数据笼统类胡昊南京大学计算机系软件所重要内容栈过程式#include using namespace std;/定义栈数据类型#define STACK_SIZE 100struct Stack int top; int bufferSTACK_SIZE;void init(Stack &s) s = -1;bool push(Stack &s, int i) if(s=STACK_SIZE-1) cout “Stack is overflow.n; return false; else s+; s.buffers = i; return true; bool pop(

2、Stack &s, int &i) if(s=-1) cout “Stack is empty.n; return false; else i=s.buffers; s-; return true; 栈过程式运用/运用栈类型数据Stack st; int x;init(st); /对st进展初始化。push(st,12); /把12放进栈。pop(st,x); /把栈顶元素退栈并存入变量x。或，Stack st; int x;/对st进展初始化。st = -1;/把12放进栈。st+;st.bufferst = 12; /把栈顶元素退栈并存入变量x。x = st.buffers

3、t;st-;栈对象式#include using namespace std;/定义栈数据类型#define STACK_SIZE 100class Stack int top; int bufferSTACK_SIZE; public: Stack()top=-1; bool push(int i); bool pop(int &i);bool Stack:push(int i) if (top=STACK_SIZE-1) cout “Stack is overflow.n; return false; else top+; buffertop=i; return true; boo

4、l Stack:pop(int &i) if (top = -1) cout “Stack is empty.n; return false; else i = buffertop; top-; return true; 栈过程式运用/运用栈类型数据Stack st; /自动地去调用st.Stack()对st进展初始化。int x;st.push(12); /把12放进栈st。st.pop(x); /把栈顶元素退栈并存入变量x。st = -1; /Errorst+; /Errorst.bufferst = 12; /ErrorDate类class Date public: void s

5、et(int y, int m, int d) year = y; month = m; day = d; bool is_leap_year() return (year%4 = 0 & year%100 != 0) | (year%400=0); void print() coutyear.month.dayendl; private: int year,month,day;Date类成员函数外部定义class Date public: void set(int y, int m, int d); bool is_leap_year(); void print(); private

6、: int year,month,day;void Date:set(int y, int m, int d) year = y; month = m; day = d;bool Date:is_leap_year() return (year%4 = 0 & year%100 != 0) | (year%400=0);void Date:print() coutyear.month.dayendl;TPoint类class TPoint public: void SetPoint(int x, int y); int Xcoord() return X ; int Ycoord()

7、return Y ; void Move(int xOffset, int yOffset) ; private: int X, Y;void TPoint:SetPoint(int x, int y) X=x ; Y=y ;void Tpoint:Move(int xOffset, int yOffset) X+=xOffset; Y+=yOffset;对象的操作class A public: int x; void f() 允许访问：x,y,z,f,g,h private: int y; void g() 允许访问：x,y,z,f,g,h protected: int z; void h(

8、) 允许访问：x,y,z,f,g,h ;.A a;a.x = 1; /OKa.f(); /OKa.y = 1; /Errora.g(); /Errora.z = 1; /Errora.h(); /Error对Date类的对象访问#include using namespace std;#include “Date.hint main() int y, m, d; coutymd; Date some_date; /创建一个Date类的对象d some_date.set(y,m,d); /设置对象d的日期值 some_date.print(); /输出d所表示的日期 if(some_date.i

9、s_leap_year() cout“是闰年n; else cout“不是闰年n; return 0;对象的操作class A public: int x; void f() 允许访问：x,y,z,f,g,h private: int y; void g() 允许访问：x,y,z,f,g,h protected: int z; void h() 允许访问：x,y,z,f,g,h ;.A a;a.x = 1; /OKa.f(); /OKa.y = 1; /Errora.g(); /Errora.z = 1; /Errora.h(); /Error栈链表实现#include #include us

10、ing namespace std;/定义栈数据类型class Stack struct Node int content; Node *next; *top; public: Stack()top=NULL; bool push(int i); bool pop(int &i);bool Stack:push(int i) Node *p=new Node; if (p=NULL) cout content=i; p-next=top; top=p; return true; bool Stack:pop(int &i) if (top = NULL) cout next;

11、i=p-content; delete p; return true; this指针class A public: void g(int i) x = i; private: int x,y,z;A a,b;例如，对于下面的成员函数调用：a.g(1);编译程序将会把它编译成：A:g(&a,1);this指针void func(A *p) .class A public: int x; void f() func(?); void q(int i) x = i; f(); ;A a,b;假设要求：当调用a.f()时，在A:f中调用func(&a);当调用b.f()时，在A:f中调

12、用func(&b);那么，A:f中调用函数func的参数应该如何写呢？ 构造函数调用class A.public:A();A(int i);A(char *p);A a1; /调用默许构造函数。也可写成：A a1=A(); 但不能写成：A a1();A a2(1); /调A(int i)，也可写成：A a2=A(1); 或 A a2=1; A a3(“abcd); /调A(char *)，也可写成：A a3=A(“abcd); 或 A a3=“abcd; A a4; /调用a0、a1、a2、a3的A()A b5=A(),A(1),A(abcd),2,xyz; /调用b0的A()、b1的

13、A(int)、/b2的A(char *)、 /b3的A(int)和b4的A(char *)。A *p1=new A; /调用默许构造函数。A *p2=new A(2); /调A(int i)。A *p3=new A(xyz); /调A(char *)。A *p4 =new A20; /创建动态对象数组时只能调用各对象的默许构造函数。常成员，援用成员和初始化列表class A int x; const int y; int &z=y; /Error，这里是阐明，而不是定义。 public: A() x = 0; /OK y = 1; /Error，y是常量成员，其值不能改动。 ; cla

14、ss A int x; const int y; int& z; public: A(): y(1),z(x) /成员初始化表 x = 0; ;析构函数class Aint x;public:A();A(); /析构函数.;字符串类的定义1#include #include #include using namespace std;class String char *str; public: String() str=NULL; String(const char *p) str = new charstrlen(p)+1; strcpy(str,p); String() delet

15、e str; str = NULL; int length()return strlen(str); char &char_at(int i) if(i= strlen(str) cerr 超出字符串范围!n; exit(-1); return stri; char *get_str() return str; String &copy(const char *p) char *p1=new charstrlen(p)+1; strcpy(p1,p); delete str; str = p1; return *this; String &copy(const Stri

16、ng &s) return copy(s.str); 字符串类的定义2 String &append(const char *p) char *p1=new charstrlen(str)+strlen(p)+1; strcpy(p1,str); strcat(p1,p); delete str; str = p1; return *this; String &append(const String &s) return append(s.str); int compare(const char *p) return strcmp(str,p); int com

17、pare(const String &s) return strcmp(str,s.str); ; int main() String s1; String s2(abcdefg); s1.copy(xyz); s2.append(s1); for (int i=0; i= a & s2.char_at(i) = z) s2.char_at(i) = s2.char_at(i)-a+A; if (s2pare(ABCDEFGXYZ) = 0) cout OKn; cout s1.get_str() endl s2.get_str() endl; return 0;成员对象初始化

18、class A int m; public: A() m = 0; A(int m1) m = m1; ;class B int n; A a; public: B() n = 0; B(int n1) n = n1; B:B(int n1, int m1): a(m1) n = n1; ;B b1,b2(1), b3(1,2);拷贝构造函数class A int x,y; char *p; public: A(char *str) x = 0; y = 0; p = new charstrlen(str)+1; strcpy(p,str); A() delete p; .; A:A(const A& a)x = a.x;y = a.y;p = new cha