从妇女主义的视角分析《紫颜色》中茜丽的成长

1、从妇女主义的视角分析紫颜色中茜丽的成长【作者】 曹姗姗；【导师】 岑玮；【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学， 英语语言文学， 2008， 硕士【副题名】从妇女主义的视角分析紫颜色中茜丽的成长历程【摘要】 非洲裔美国黑人女作家艾丽斯沃克对当代美国女性文学的发展产生了深远的影响。她一直致力于探寻和创造新的文学形象。当代黑人女作家,如托尼莫里森,通过塑造普通黑人妇女复杂的生活状况对她的文学方法做出呼应。沃克的作品对种族、性别、阶级等问题做出了进一步的阐释。它们都无一例外的有一个共同的目标:塑造黑人妇女在双重压迫下的遭遇以及她们寻找一种新的生存方式。沃克许多作品举世闻名,紫颜色是其代表作。该小说 1983

2、 年连获美国普利策文学奖、全国图书奖和全国书评家协会奖三项大奖。中国著名学者陶洁在紫颜色汉译本的扉页上写到“紫颜色的成功之处不仅仅在于故事动人,手法新颖。更重要的是这本小说探索了当代美国社会的一些重大问题,是近年来美国黑人文学和妇女文学的一部代表作。”(紫颜色,前言 p.1)妇女主义是沃克在其散文集寻找我们母亲的花园中提出的一个新的概念。1983 年,艾丽斯沃克创造出“妇女主义”一词来代替“女权主义”,表达了她对女性的欣赏以及对女性这一性别的诠释。从妇女主义的定义中,我们可以看出一个妇女主义者必备的品质是:热爱黑人,尤其是黑人妇女;欣赏自然美;珍爱黑人传统;为自己的尊严和幸福而奋斗。从以上可以

3、推出妇女主义具备三个特点:反种族,反性别和非洲中心主义。本文通过分析妇女主义的三个特征,描绘了主人公,茜丽,的成长过程,主要分为三个章节:第一章主要关注茜丽的反种族意识的觉醒。她的反种族意识主要从三个方面表现出来:茜丽对索菲亚被打事件的态度;茜丽对其继父的态度;茜丽对上帝的态度。当索菲亚被打并囚禁时,茜丽对此事件的反映暗示出她对索菲亚的同情以及对白人的愤怒。正是白人和种族主义的存在,索菲亚才被迫入狱的。茜丽的继父,逼死其生父迫害其他黑人,是白人的走狗,黑人的败类。自始至终,茜丽都对其继父充满了鄙视之情。同时,她对上帝态度的变化也反映出茜丽的反种族意识,上帝在茜丽头脑中一直以又高又大的白种人形象

4、出现的,但是在莎格的帮助下,茜丽逐渐认识到上帝既不是白种人也不是黑种人,而是代表万物。第二章主要分析了茜丽的反性别意识。在茜丽的信中,她用一种特别的方式来称呼男性形象,她称呼她的丈夫为“空白先生”,而不直呼其名艾尔伯特;称呼她的继父“他”而不称其为父亲,等等。这种奇特的男性形象命名方式反映了茜丽对男性的不满和对他们的愤恨。本章的第二部分着重写茜丽对紫颜色的追求,在小说的开始部分,茜丽不敢追求自己最喜爱的颜色紫色,然而,随着她的成熟,她开始了对紫颜色的追求,这说明她开始打破男性的枷锁追求自己的全新的生活。整篇小说由一封封的信件组合而成。这种书信体形式为茜丽表达自我提供了很大的空间。几乎所有茜丽写

5、给上帝的信后面都没有签名,而名字是一个人存在的标志,不签署自己的姓名反映出茜丽地位地下以及对自我的否定。她只是把自己当成男人的附属品。然而,最后在她给耐蒂的信中,她签上了自己的名字“你的姐姐,茜丽”,这种变化反映出她对自己的认可以及对男性形象的反抗。茜丽自信与语言的复得都取决于小说中其他女性形象的帮助,尤其是莎格。第三章主要关注茜丽对黑人传统文化的珍爱。主人公茜丽所有的信件都用黑人俗语书写而成。这并不是因为茜丽不懂标准英语,从小说中我们可以得知茜丽和耐蒂一起在学校学习多年,所以她肯定懂得并会使用标准英语。她对黑人俗语的使用表达了她对非洲传统的尊敬。手工劳动是非洲传统的文化遗产,在这篇小说中通过

6、缝被子和做裤子表现出来。通过缝被子,茜丽和小说中的女性形象建立了深厚的友谊,她们帮助她成为一个真正的女人。通过做裤子,茜丽拥有了一家属于自己的公司,成为了一个独立的、充满自信的新女性。通过以上分析,艾丽斯沃克指出了一条黑人妇女的解放之路:同男权统治及种族主义做斗争;黑人女性间的团结互助和互相扶持;维护黑人的传统文化遗产。黑人妇女最迫切要做的事情就是认识到自己存在的价值,保持精神上的独立和完整,从经济和意识上彻底摆脱男性的控制。 更多还原【Abstract】 Alice Walker is a distinguished African American femalewriter, who ex

7、erts a great impact on contemporary American literature.She has been one of the pioneering figures and creates a new voice inthe field of literature. Contemporary black women writers such asToni Morrison respond to her literary approach by portraying thecomplex existence of ordinary black women. Her

8、 writings give furtherdefinition to the issue of race, class and gender. All of them havethe same goal: to portray the plight of black women under doubleoppression and their search for survival.Walker has written manyfamous works represented by The Color Purple which received thePulitzer Prize, the

9、American Book Reward and National Book CriticCircle Award in 1983. Chinese scholar Tao Jie writes in the Prefaceto The Color Purple in Chinese version,“The success of The ColorPurple lies not only in the moving story and fresh writing style butalso and most importantly in that the novel involves fun

10、damentalAfro-American and woman issues in present-day American society. It isa representative work in current Afro-American literature and womenliterature.”1Womanism is a new concept put forward by AliceWalker in her essay collection In Search of Our MothersGardens(1983). In this book, Alice Walker

11、coins the term“womanism”toreplace the word“feminism”and to express her appreciation of womenand to interpret her knowledge of female gender. In the light of thedefinition of womanism, we can infer that a womanist is sure to loveblack people, especially black women, appreciate natural beauty,treasure

12、 black tradition and culture, and strive for self-esteem andhappiness. Through the above analysis, we can see that womanism iscolored by three kinds of features: anti-racism (loving black people),anti-sexism (loving black women, and striving for self-esteem andhappiness), and afracenterism (treasuri

13、ng black traditions).Thisthesis will be divided into three chapters to investigate the growthof Celie (the protagonist) through exploring the three features ofwomanism, each developing its own topic but all echoing eachother.Chapter one deals with Celies growing in her consciousness ofanti-race. It

14、is reflected in three aspects: her attitudes towardsSofia, towards Alphonso (her stepfather) and towards God. When Sofiais beaten and prisoned, Celies reaction reveals her sympathytowards Sofia and her outrage towards the whites. It is the whitesand racial discrimination that put Sofia into the pris

15、on. Celiesstepfather Alphonso, hounding Celies biological father to death andpersecuting other blacks, is not only the degenerate of the black butalso the flunky of the white. Celie always feels antipathetic to him.Meanwhile, her attitude towards God also reflects her consciousnessof anti-race. At f

16、irst, Celie regards God as“big and old and talland greybearded and white. Sort of bluish-grey. Cool. Big though.White lashes.”In her opinion, God is unquestionably a white personinstead of a black one. However, with Shugs help, her attitudetowards God changes and regards God as“everything”.Chapter t

17、wounfolds Celies growth in her consciousness of anti-sex. In Celiesletters, instead of calling the black men by names, she calls them ina unique way: she calls her husband“Mr._”instead of his real nameAlbert; she calls her stepfather“He”instead of father, etc. Theunique way of naming male characters

18、 reflects Celiesdissatisfaction with men and her hatred for them. The second part ofthis chapter runs down Celies pursuit of the color purple, whichrepresents true beauty and self-esteem, true beauty of spiritual andcreative nature, indomitable female spirit and female dignity andhappiness. At the b

19、eginning of the novel, Celie dares not to pursuethe color purple which she likes most, however, with her growth andmaturity, she has the courage to pursue her happiness and herfavourite colorpurple. This novel is organized in a unique andfemale formepistolary form, which furnishes Celie a stage toex

20、press herself. The whole story is written by letters, almost allthe letters that Celie writes to God have no signature, whichreflects Celies inferiority and unawareness of her existencebecause name is a sign of a persons existence. She just thinksherself as an appendant of men. However, at the end o

21、f the story, shesigns her signiture in her letters to Nettie,“Your sister, Celie”,which mirrors her regain of herself and her fight against maledomination. Celies regain of confidence and voice all thanks to thehelp of other female characters, especially Shug Avery.Chapter threefocuses on Celies con

22、sciousness of cherishing the unique blackcultures. Celie uses black vernacular to write all her letters. It isnot because Celie does not know Standard English. We can see from thenovel that Celie has studied for several years in school with Nettie,so it is sure that she can use the Standard English.

23、 Her usage of theblack vernacular reflects her respect for African traditions.Handiwork is traditional female heritage of Africa, represented byquilting and making pants in this novel. Through quilting, Celiemakes profound friendship with the female characters who help her tobe a real human being. T

24、hrough making pants, Celie has her owncompany and becomes an independent and confident woman.Through theabove analysis, Alice Walker provides a way for black womensindependence and liberation: they must fight against males and racialdiscrimination, unite each other and preserve their traditionalheri

25、tage. The most important thing the black women should do is torealize the value of their own existence, keep independence andspiritual wholeness, and break away from the control of men from theaspects of economy and spirit. 更多还原【关键词】 紫颜色； 妇女主义； 黑人女性的成长；【Key words】 The Color Purple； womanism； black w

26、omens growth；参考文献：由紫色看艾丽丝沃克的生态女性主义意识艾丽斯沃克在书信体小说紫颜色中描述了父权制社会中黑人女性生活的痛苦,表达了对同样遭遇迫害的自然乃至地球的爱与怜悯。本文从紫色文本入手借由生态女性主义文学理论分析了作者的生态女.收录数据库：中文科技期刊数据库 来源：剑南文学：下半月 2011 年第 9 期 作者：张婉华 机构：兰州教育学院 甘肃兰州 730000受缚之娥,翩翩化蝶之旅谈紫颜色中西丽的独立之路本文将西丽的成长过程分为三个阶段,清晰地刻画了西丽在自身努力和姐妹情谊的帮助下从一个受种族、父权和男权压迫的黑人女性到一个在人格、物质和精神方面实现完全独立的个体的过程。

27、西丽的认命.收录数据库：中文科技期刊数据库 来源：电影文学 2011 年 第 21 期作者：卓杨 张严秋 机构：长春大学 吉林长春 130022从女性主义看陶洁汉译紫颜色本文以陶洁翻译的艾丽斯沃克具有女性特色的小说紫颜色（1998）汉译本为研究对象。在性别视角下，分析陶洁如何彰显她的性别意识。同时在对陶译本研究分析的基础上，运用女性主义翻译理论对比.收录数据库：中文科技期刊数据库 来源：剑南文学：经典阅读 2011年 第 10 期 作者：肖海艳 巫丹 机构：湖南信息科学职业学院 湖南长沙410151【作者】 曹姗姗；【导师】 岑玮；【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学， 英语语言文学， 2008，

28、硕士【副题名】从妇女主义的视角分析紫颜色中茜丽的成长历程【摘要】 非洲裔美国黑人女作家艾丽斯沃克对当代美国女性文学的发展产生了深远的影响。她一直致力于探寻和创造新的文学形象。当代黑人女作家,如托尼莫里森,通过塑造普通黑人妇女复杂的生活状况对她的文学方法做出呼应。沃克的作品对种族、性别、阶级等问题做出了进一步的阐释。它们都无一例外的有一个共同的目标:塑造黑人妇女在双重压迫下的遭遇以及她们寻找一种新的生存方式。沃克许多作品举世闻名,紫颜色是其代表作。该小说 1983 年连获美国普利策文学奖、全国图书奖和全国书评家协会奖三项大奖。中国著名学者陶洁在紫颜色汉译本的扉页上写到“紫颜色的成功之处不仅仅在于

29、故事动人,手法新颖。更重要的是这本小说探索了当代美国社会的一些重大问题,是近年来美国黑人文学和妇女文学的一部代表作。”(紫颜色,前言 p.1)妇女主义是沃克在其散文集寻找我们母亲的花园中提出的一个新的概念。1983 年,艾丽斯沃克创造出“妇女主义”一词来代替“女权主义”,表达了她对女性的欣赏以及对女性这一性别的诠释。从妇女主义的定义中,我们可以看出一个妇女主义者必备的品质是:热爱黑人,尤其是黑人妇女;欣赏自然美;珍爱黑人传统;为自己的尊严和幸福而奋斗。从以上可以推出妇女主义具备三个特点:反种族,反性别和非洲中心主义。本文通过分析妇女主义的三个特征,描绘了主人公,茜丽,的成长过程,主要分为三个章

30、节:第一章主要关注茜丽的反种族意识的觉醒。她的反种族意识主要从三个方面表现出来:茜丽对索菲亚被打事件的态度;茜丽对其继父的态度;茜丽对上帝的态度。当索菲亚被打并囚禁时,茜丽对此事件的反映暗示出她对索菲亚的同情以及对白人的愤怒。正是白人和种族主义的存在,索菲亚才被迫入狱的。茜丽的继父,逼死其生父迫害其他黑人,是白人的走狗,黑人的败类。自始至终,茜丽都对其继父充满了鄙视之情。同时,她对上帝态度的变化也反映出茜丽的反种族意识,上帝在茜丽头脑中一直以又高又大的白种人形象出现的,但是在莎格的帮助下,茜丽逐渐认识到上帝既不是白种人也不是黑种人,而是代表万物。第二章主要分析了茜丽的反性别意识。在茜丽的信中,

31、她用一种特别的方式来称呼男性形象,她称呼她的丈夫为“空白先生”,而不直呼其名艾尔伯特;称呼她的继父“他”而不称其为父亲,等等。这种奇特的男性形象命名方式反映了茜丽对男性的不满和对他们的愤恨。本章的第二部分着重写茜丽对紫颜色的追求,在小说的开始部分,茜丽不敢追求自己最喜爱的颜色紫色,然而,随着她的成熟,她开始了对紫颜色的追求,这说明她开始打破男性的枷锁追求自己的全新的生活。整篇小说由一封封的信件组合而成。这种书信体形式为茜丽表达自我提供了很大的空间。几乎所有茜丽写给上帝的信后面都没有签名,而名字是一个人存在的标志,不签署自己的姓名反映出茜丽地位地下以及对自我的否定。她只是把自己当成男人的附属品。

32、然而,最后在她给耐蒂的信中,她签上了自己的名字“你的姐姐,茜丽”,这种变化反映出她对自己的认可以及对男性形象的反抗。茜丽自信与语言的复得都取决于小说中其他女性形象的帮助,尤其是莎格。第三章主要关注茜丽对黑人传统文化的珍爱。主人公茜丽所有的信件都用黑人俗语书写而成。这并不是因为茜丽不懂标准英语,从小说中我们可以得知茜丽和耐蒂一起在学校学习多年,所以她肯定懂得并会使用标准英语。她对黑人俗语的使用表达了她对非洲传统的尊敬。手工劳动是非洲传统的文化遗产,在这篇小说中通过缝被子和做裤子表现出来。通过缝被子,茜丽和小说中的女性形象建立了深厚的友谊,她们帮助她成为一个真正的女人。通过做裤子,茜丽拥有了一家属

33、于自己的公司,成为了一个独立的、充满自信的新女性。通过以上分析,艾丽斯沃克指出了一条黑人妇女的解放之路:同男权统治及种族主义做斗争;黑人女性间的团结互助和互相扶持;维护黑人的传统文化遗产。黑人妇女最迫切要做的事情就是认识到自己存在的价值,保持精神上的独立和完整,从经济和意识上彻底摆脱男性的控制。 更多还原【Abstract】 Alice Walker is a distinguished African American femalewriter, who exerts a great impact on contemporary American literature.She has bee

34、n one of the pioneering figures and creates a new voice inthe field of literature. Contemporary black women writers such asToni Morrison respond to her literary approach by portraying thecomplex existence of ordinary black women. Her writings give furtherdefinition to the issue of race, class and ge

35、nder. All of them havethe same goal: to portray the plight of black women under doubleoppression and their search for survival.Walker has written manyfamous works represented by The Color Purple which received thePulitzer Prize, the American Book Reward and National Book CriticCircle Award in 1983.

36、Chinese scholar Tao Jie writes in the Prefaceto The Color Purple in Chinese version,“The success of The ColorPurple lies not only in the moving story and fresh writing style butalso and most importantly in that the novel involves fundamentalAfro-American and woman issues in present-day American soci

37、ety. It isa representative work in current Afro-American literature and womenliterature.”1Womanism is a new concept put forward by AliceWalker in her essay collection In Search of Our MothersGardens(1983). In this book, Alice Walker coins the term“womanism”toreplace the word“feminism”and to express

38、her appreciation of womenand to interpret her knowledge of female gender. In the light of thedefinition of womanism, we can infer that a womanist is sure to loveblack people, especially black women, appreciate natural beauty,treasure black tradition and culture, and strive for self-esteem andhappine

39、ss. Through the above analysis, we can see that womanism iscolored by three kinds of features: anti-racism (loving black people),anti-sexism (loving black women, and striving for self-esteem andhappiness), and afracenterism (treasuring black traditions).Thisthesis will be divided into three chapters

40、 to investigate the growthof Celie (the protagonist) through exploring the three features ofwomanism, each developing its own topic but all echoing eachother.Chapter one deals with Celies growing in her consciousness ofanti-race. It is reflected in three aspects: her attitudes towardsSofia, towards

41、Alphonso (her stepfather) and towards God. When Sofiais beaten and prisoned, Celies reaction reveals her sympathytowards Sofia and her outrage towards the whites. It is the whitesand racial discrimination that put Sofia into the prison. Celiesstepfather Alphonso, hounding Celies biological father to

42、 death andpersecuting other blacks, is not only the degenerate of the black butalso the flunky of the white. Celie always feels antipathetic to him.Meanwhile, her attitude towards God also reflects her consciousnessof anti-race. At first, Celie regards God as“big and old and talland greybearded and

43、white. Sort of bluish-grey. Cool. Big though.White lashes.”In her opinion, God is unquestionably a white personinstead of a black one. However, with Shugs help, her attitudetowards God changes and regards God as“everything”.Chapter twounfolds Celies growth in her consciousness of anti-sex. In Celies

44、letters, instead of calling the black men by names, she calls them ina unique way: she calls her husband“Mr._”instead of his real nameAlbert; she calls her stepfather“He”instead of father, etc. Theunique way of naming male characters reflects Celiesdissatisfaction with men and her hatred for them. T

45、he second part ofthis chapter runs down Celies pursuit of the color purple, whichrepresents true beauty and self-esteem, true beauty of spiritual andcreative nature, indomitable female spirit and female dignity andhappiness. At the beginning of the novel, Celie dares not to pursuethe color purple wh

46、ich she likes most, however, with her growth andmaturity, she has the courage to pursue her happiness and herfavourite colorpurple. This novel is organized in a unique andfemale formepistolary form, which furnishes Celie a stage toexpress herself. The whole story is written by letters, almost allthe

47、 letters that Celie writes to God have no signature, whichreflects Celies inferiority and unawareness of her existencebecause name is a sign of a persons existence. She just thinksherself as an appendant of men. However, at the end of the story, shesigns her signiture in her letters to Nettie,“Your

48、sister, Celie”,which mirrors her regain of herself and her fight against maledomination. Celies regain of confidence and voice all thanks to thehelp of other female characters, especially Shug Avery.Chapter threefocuses on Celies consciousness of cherishing the unique blackcultures. Celie uses black vernacular to write all her letters. It isnot because Celie does not know St