【最新】专八练习改错

1、1.Photographs of the earth taken from space show a predominant blue globe, two-thirds of its surface being covered by water. By any account, water on this planet is plentiful. Every year the average of 7,000 cubic meters per person flows into rivers and underground channels. And yet water shortages

2、and droughts are become a serious problem, one will not go away without better conservation policies. The problem is that rain does not always arrive where and when it is needed. This is compounded by efficient agricultural methods and the growing competition of water from urban centers. Grandiose p

3、lans are made to overcome the Shortage. Huge dams are built, expensive desalination plants are cultivated, and bizarre schemes to towing icebergs round the world are worked out. But the problem remains. The solution lies elsewhere. Water users are subsidized by their governments all over the world.

4、The percept of water as free commodity is deeply ingrained, while it is a perception that must be revealed as the deception. Water will remain scarce until we begin to offer a real price for it.1)2)3)4)5)6)7)8) _9) _10)- 1 -have 4. one A will that7. towi ngtow10. the 7 a1. p redo minantp redo minan

5、tly 2. the an 3. are5. efficientinefficient6. overcomecompensate for8. percept perception 9. while but2Leaders don'tforce other people go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get commitment from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that encourages creativity, and

6、 by operating with honesty and fairness.11)12)” They recognize that 13)14)15)Leaders demand much of others, but also give much from themselves. They are ambitious not only for themselves, but also for those who work with them. They seek to attract, retain and develop other people at their full abili

7、ties.Good leaders aren' t “ alone rangers.an organization 'sstrategies for success requires the combined talents and effort of many people. Leadership is the catalyst for transforming those talents into results.16)Leaders know that if there are two opinions on an issue, one is not bound to b

8、e wrong. They recognize that hustle and rush are the allies of superficiality. They are open to new ideas, unless they explore their ramifications thoroughly.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually oriented to the future -ot wedded to the past. They have a hunger to receive responsibil

9、ity, to innovate, and to initiate. They are not content with merely taking care of what 'salready there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leadership is all of getting people consistently to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, but motivating them to

10、work toward a common goal. Leaders make tile right things happen when they 're supposed to.17)18)19)20)11. from 7 of15. effort 7 efforts19. of 7 about12. at 7 to 13. alone 7 lone 14. requires 7 require16. if 7 when 17. unless 7 but18. receive 7 take 20. but 7 and3A black hole is an astronomical

11、body whose gravity is so strong that nothing can escape from it. It was Newton who first stated that light is composed of particles. The French mathematician de Laplace next reasoned that if enough mass was added to a star like the sun, the gravitational force of the star would eventually prevent li

12、ght particles to leave it; it would therefore“blink out ” and become aninvisible black star.More than a century later, Einstein developed the theory of relativity, which he argued that nothing could move faster than light. This means that black stars must also be black holes too because, if light ca

13、nnot escape, all other matter will be trapped as well. The surface of a black hole thus acts like a one-way membrane: material may fall into a black hole, but no matter, information and energy can come out.Black holes may be observable during their formation or while they are near to other matter. A

14、 star may go gravitational collapse at the end of its evolution, depend primary on its mass. If the star is nonspherical -perhaps because it is rotating and flattened at the poles -then detectable gravitational waves can be given off just before21)22)23)24)25)26)27)28)29)30)- 3 -the black hole is fo

15、rmed.21. was f were 22. to A from 23. leave f leaving24. relativity, A which f in/ he f he 25. too f too 26.will f must27. and f or 28. go f undergo 29. depend f depending 30. primary f primarily431) 32) fromothe elite34)As a matter of fact, whe n all a Ian guage takes from ano ther one is mere word

16、s, it is usually because only a small nu mber of sp eakers of the first Ian guage are bili ngual in the sec ond -usually the ruli ng classes and the educator. I n such cases, most sp eakers are not using the second Ianguage alongside the first one at a daily basis -nstead, the in flue nee on the sec

17、 ond Ian guage“ trickles dow n ”35)36)37)38)39)40)class to the masses. In cases like this, which trickles dow n most easily are isolated words, rather tha n the things that are harder to p ick up from a foreig n Ian guage, such as word order and endin gs, which require the actual use of the sec ond

18、Ian guage to get the hang of. This was the situati on, for exa mp le, in En gla nd whe n it was occ upied by the Norma n Fren ch: The Norma ns were the rulers whe n the masses con ti nued happ ily using En glish. It is this reas on that so many of the words we in herited from French have to do with

19、concep ti on of gover nment reign, fashion attire, art pen, cuisine poultry , and, actually, the very words gover nment, fashi on, art and cuis ine. Just like ofte n, moreover, geogra phy and history have it that many, most, or all of a Ian guage' sp eakers sp eak ano ther one together alon gsid

20、e, and the result is the likes of Is it out of your mind you are? In fact, most Ian guages have had some in flue nee on their structure from other Ian guages at some point in their history.33. on 7 of 34. which f what37. concep tio n f concepts40. together f together31. educator f educated 32. at f

21、on 35. when f but 36.It is A this f for 38. like as 39. moreover however5The huma n body looks and works like a seamless whole, but it is con structed of in dividual un its too small to be see n, some 100 trilli on livi ng cells. The desig ner of the body is evoluti on, but its builders are the cell

22、s themselves.They p roliferate from a sin gle egg, morph into at least 260 differe nt types and spontan eously orga nize into a p erfect41)-5 -55)in tegrated system of orga ns and tissues.Biologists only dimly gras p the principles of this extraord inary self-assembly, and they are quickly lear ning

23、 the habits of its principal actors, a sp ecial class of cells known as stem cells. One kind of master stem cell gen erates the infant from the fertilized egg the n, its livi ng scu Ip ture comp leted, disa pp ears. A class of maintenance stem cells the n p resumes the duties of repleni shi ng and r

24、ep air the body throughout the owner' lifetime. The fleet ing creators, known as embry onic stem cells, gen erate every tissue of body, but their successors, the adult stem cells, are gen erally limited to scope to making a sin gle kind of tissue.Stem cells have recen tly burst from the obscurit

25、y of the research laboratory into the arena of n ati onal p olitics, prop elled by assert ions that they are either the fruits of murder and the pan acea for the dege nerative diseases of age. Obta ined from the surplus embryos gen erated in fertility cli nics, huma n embry on ic stem cells have not

26、 yet bee n much more studied because many biomedical researchers were forbidde n to work ing on them un til a recent p reside ntial decisi on to allow research with embry onic cell cultures that had already bee n established.43)44)45)46)47)48)49)50)41. perfectperfectly42. and but 43. eggA thenand 44

27、.presumesassumes45. rep airrep airi ng46. of A bodythe n47.to (sc ope)in48. and or49. more more50. workingwork651)52)53)Through a series of exp erime nts an America n scie ntist has obta ined an un dersta nding of the social structure of the most complex of ant societies. The ants are exam ined are

28、the only creatures differe nt tha n man to have give n up hun ti ng and collect ing as a compi etely agricultural way of life .In their un dergr ound n ests they cultivate garde ns on soil made from fin ely cho pped leaves. This is a complex op erati on required con siderable divisio n of labor. The

29、 workers of this type of ants can be divided into four groups accord ing to size. Each of the groups p erforms a p articular set of jobs.56)57)largest are the soldier an ts, respon sible for defe nding the n est.To find out how good the various size gro ups are with differe nt tasks, the scie ntist

30、measured the amount of work done by the ants for the amount of en ergy they used. He exam ined first the gatheri ng and carry ing of leaves. He selected one of the size group, and the n measured how efficie ntly these ants could find leaves and run back to the n est. Yet he rep eated the exp erime n

31、t for each of the other size groups. In this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficie ntly tha n the group no rmally un dertak ing it.58)59)60)51. are f are 52. different f other53.asf for55. large f larger 56. even / still f even / slilL 57. out f outside58. with f at 59. fo

32、r f agai nst 60. Yet f The n54. required f requiring7For well over a cen tury, one street in New YorkCity has bee n known as the heart of the America n theater. The n ame of the street is Broadway. Men ti on that n ame to anyone who has ever visited New York, he will remember bright lights, eager cr

33、owds, and an electric air of exciteme nt.Over the years, Broadway has bee n known success and failure, p raise and scor n. In recent times it has faced sp ecial p roblems, both artistic and finan cial. Yet, des pite of all its imp erfect ions, Broadway rema ins the cen ter of theatrical activity in

34、the Un ited States. The goal of young p erformers in the U.S. is still to act in a Broadway p lay.Today the high cost of theatrical p roduct ion is limiti ng both qua ntity and qualificati on. Whereas it was po ssible to p roduce a play on Broadway for $10,000 or less before World War II, it costs a

35、t least ten times as many to do so today. As a result, less p lays are p roduced, and p roducers seldom dare to try61)62)63)The making and care of the garde ns and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly large workers are respon sible for chopping up leaves to make t

36、hem suitable for use in the garde ns and for clea ning the n est. A third gro up of even still larger ants do the con struct ion work and collect fresh leaves from out the n est. The-7 -67)68)new forms of drama since they may not p rove p rofit.69)70)On Broadway, a p lay must be popu lar sufficie nt

37、ly to attract audie nces over a long p eriod of time. A long run is esse ntial because Broadway theaters are not give n finan cial support by the gover nment, as like leadi ng theaters in most other coun tries. Yet, funds are raised for in dividual p roduct ions and must be rep aid to the in vestors

38、, if at all po ssible. Thus p roducers n eed to find p lays which will pl ease audie nces. Often the result is a p lay with little artistic value.61. York, A he will f and65. many f much68. sufficie ntly f eno ugh62. been f been 63. of f of 64. qualification f qualify66. less f fewer67. p rofit f p

39、rofitable69. like f are / asf just70. Yet f In stead8How long ago did Elizabeth Hurley burst into the p ublic, con scious ness with that dress? Two years ago? P erha ps three? She wore it to the p remiere of Four Weddi ngs and a Funeral in May 1994.Chances are that you, as many people I asked, guess

40、ed 1995 or 1996. What this shows is that our p erce pt of time distorts as we get older. While toddlers must en dure an eter nity betwee n birthdays, uni versity acqua intance can meet a decade later without realiz ing how many years have p assed.Where does our sense of time come from? Scien tists71

41、)72)73)78)79)-# -74)75)have po stulated that every one has a cerebral pen dulum, its rhythm can cha nge depending on brain activity. Dr Warren Meck and Matthew Matell are work ing on a model of how such a clock might work. It is obvious, says Mr. Matell, an exp erime ntal p sychologist, we can all k

42、ee p time.“If you are p lay ing a musical in strume nt“Youcan76)77)you don' t need to look at your watch,” he says.tap out a rhythm without prompt of an exter nal cue. Exp erime nts with training rats also show they can kee p time, and their clock sp eeds up if the ani mals are give n amp hetam

43、ines or coca ine.“ We p reBtha空atme forhuma ns whe n they are tak ing amp hetam in es,” saysMr. Mattell.“If they are asked to time one minu te, but only a fewsec onds will p ass before they say the time is up. That suggeststhat somethi ng in the brain be guidi ng our percep tio n of time.80)72. perc

44、ept 7 percep ti on75. psychologist, A we 7 that77. trai ning 7 trained 78. p resume 7 assume71. as 7 like74. its 7 whose73. acqua intance 7 acqua intances76. without A prompt 7 the79. but 7 but80. be 7 is9Beliefs about the relati on shi p betwee n huma nity and the n atural environment can be direct

45、ly correlated with concep ti ons held regard the role that scie nee and tech no logy p lay in mediati ng that relati onship. The independence of these beliefs with percep tio ns of the en vir onment imp acts of scie nee and tech no logy are cen tral in the no tio ns held with regard to the future ro

46、le of scie nee and tech no logy. Positi ons held with regard to the huma n-n ature relatio nship may be characterized in terms of the sp ectrum running from huma n-cen tered to n ature-cen tered app roaches. Huma n- cen tered, or anthropocen tric, views favor an in strume ntal view of the n atural w

47、orld and value it only as a mean to huma n en ds. Such views p lace great value and trust in scie nee and tech no logy, believe that the po wers of con trol over n ature con ferred by them are non-p roblematical and ongoing tech ni cal deve lopment will be crucial to en suri ng a world bereft of pov

48、erty, drudgery and disease etc. Reversely, n ature-ce ntered, or eco-ce ntric, app roaches value the n atural world for its own sake but p lace huma nity on an equal foot ing with it.Because of their key role in environmen tal degradatio n, ecce ntric views are dee ply sus picious of scie nee and te

49、ch no logy, which are furthermore see n as fun dame ntally p roblematical as a result of un derly ing assu mp ti ons that regulate the esse nee of the huma n-n ature relati onship.81)82)83)84)85)86)87)88)89)90)81. regard 7 regard ing 82. independence 7 泊 terde pendence 83. environment 7 environmenta

50、l84. in 7 to 85. the 7 a 86. mean 7means 87. believe 7 believing 88. and A ongoing 7 that89. Reversely 7 Co nversely 90. but 7 andMany new words have bee n added to the En glish10-9 -Ian guage in the p ast forty years; and since Shakes peare' time the nu mber of words in the Ian guage has in cre

51、ased to more tha n five times, from about 140,000 to somehow between 700,000 and 800,000. Most of these new words have not come from borrow ing, but from the n atural growth of Ian guage.The Ian guage has always cha nged, and the rate of cha nge has bee n uneven; minor cha nges have slowly accumulat

52、ed in every gen eratio n, but there have bee n p eriod of rapid cha nge as well. The most imp orta nt of these p eriods occurred duri ng the two hun dred and fifty years since 1066, the year the Norma ns conq uered En gla nd. Before the conq uest, the in habita nts of En gla nd sp oke An glo-Sax on,

53、 a comp lex Germa nic Ian guage. The Norma ns were Norseme n who, after gen erati ons of raidi ng, had settled in no rther n France in the tenth cen tury and by 1066 were sp eak ing a form of Fren ch. After their conq uest of En gla nd they in stituted Norma n French as the p redo minant Ian guage t

54、he Ian guage of the upper classes, law, gover nment, and such commerce there was.91)92)93)94)95)96)Nevertheless, the masses went rightly on sp eak ingAn glo-Sax on. By app roximately about three hun dred years after the Norma n Conq uest. An glo-Sax on had re-established itself as the Ian guage of t

55、he upper classes, as En glish, and had become a flexible, exact, splen did, and moving in strume nt of exp ressi on. Norma n Fren ch, mean while, had become anything comic, sp oke n by the villai ns in the old mystery p lays just for a laugh.97)98)99)100)92. somehow 宀 somewhere91. to 7 to95. since 7

56、 after 96. p redo minant 7 dominant98. rightly 7 right 99. approximately 794. p eriod 7 p eriods97. commerce A there was 7 asapp roximately100. any thi ng 7 someth ing93.a ndbut11In a comp etitive and fast -p aced moder n society, busy bus in ess executives are so en gross ing in their work that the

57、y hardly know what the word “leisure ” means. The higher ats executive tion is on the bus in ess ladder, the more hours he spends on his work. With a view to gai ning greater corpo rate sta nding or a big1.2.-11 -pay rise, he, as a rule, far exceedsover the 40-hour work ing week. The additi onal stress and tension as welt as the shortage of suitable rest and recreati on ve