高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一

1、高中英语语法重点难点回顾之一主谓一致常考难题:Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.Each boy and each girl wants to serve the people in future.More than one student has seen the film.Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.More members than one are against your plan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时 , 谓语通常用复数形 式:glasses, clo

2、thes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主语用 a kind of , a pair of , a series of等加名词构成时 , 谓语动词一般 用单数形式。 A pair of shoes was on the desk.并列主语如果指的是同一个人、 同一事物或同一概念时 , 谓语动词用单数形 式 , 这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。例如 :Truth and honesty is the best policy.The girl s teacher and friend is a young doctor

3、.To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词 组时 , 其谓语动词的

4、单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如 :The teacher as well as the students was excited.The room with its furniture was rented.a (great number of 修饰可数复数名词 , 谓语动词用复数 ; a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词 , 其短语作主语时 , 谓语动词用单数。关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时 , 其谓语动词的数应与 句中先行词的数一致。例如 :Those who want to go please sig

5、n your names here.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称,球类、棋类名词名 称前一般不加冠词。1/2 one(a half 1/4 one(a quarter形容词的顺序:系动词 be , grow , get , become , feel , appear , prove , seem , look , keep , smell , taste , sound , turn , remain 限定词 +数量形容词 (序数词在前, 基数词在后 +性状

6、形容词 +大小、长短、高低等形体 +新旧 +颜色 +国藉 +材料Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table某些以 a-开首的形容词例如:afraid , alike , alone , asleep , awake, alive 等 只能作表语 , 不能作定语。某些以 -ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词:friendly , lively , lovely , lonely , likely , deadly , silly , orderly, timely等。1 close接近地 closely 仔细地,密切地2 free

7、 免费地 freely 自由地 , 无拘束地3 hard努力地 hardly 几乎不4 late 晚,迟 lately 近来5 most 极 , 非常 mostly 主要地6 wide广阔地,充分地 widely 广泛地7 high高 highly 高度地,非常地8 deep深,迟 deeply 抽象意义的“深”9 loud大声地 loudly 大声地 (含有喧闹的意思 10 near邻近 nearly 几乎bad / ill, badly worse worst little less least表示一方不及另一方时, 用 “ less +原级+than ” 的结构表示:This room

8、is less beautiful than that one.表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时, 可在比较级前加表示程度的状语, 如: even , a lot, a bit, a little, still , much , far, yet, by far等修饰:He works even harder than before.注意 :by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时 , 一般放在比较级的后面 , 如放在前面 , 应在二者中间加“ the ” 。He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of t

9、he two brothers.某些以 -or 结尾的形容词进行比较时, 用 to 代替 than 。 superior , junior , senior 等。He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics.在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用 that(those, one(ones代替前面出现的名 词。 that 指物, one 既可指人,也可指物。 that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名 词,而 one 只能代替可数名词。例如:The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk.A

10、 box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型 :A is three (four, etc. times the size (height, length, width, etc of B.The new building is four times the size (the height of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大 (四倍高 。 高三倍A is three (four, etc. times as big (high, long, wide, etc. as B.Asia

11、 is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。A is three (four, etc. times bigger (higher, longer, wider than B.例如 :Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double 。表示 “最高程度” 的形容词, 如 excellent , extreme , perfect 等, 没有最高级, 也不能用比较级。如果复数名词前有 many 、 few ,不可数名词前有 much 、 l

12、ittle 等表示量的形 容词时,该用 so 而不用 such 。如:I ve had so many falls that I m black and blue all over.Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.但 little 不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时 , 仍用 such 。如 :They are such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves. 6almos

13、t 与 nearly在 very, pretty, not后用 nearly, 不用 almost 。例如:I m not nearly ready.在 any, no, none, never前用 almost, 不用 nearly 。例如:I almost never see her.need 表示“需要”或“必须” , 作情态动词时 , 仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在 肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to或 should 代替。例如:You needn t come so early.Need I finish the work today? -Yes, you m

14、ust.注意:needn t have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事” 。例如: You needn t have waited for me.“ should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。You should have started earlier.“ ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。You ought to have helped him (but you didn t书报的标题 , 小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。表示感觉 , 愿望和状态的某些动词如 have, be, hear, see, like 等词一般不用进 行时。有些动词形式上是主动结构 , 但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词 sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook等。例如:The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。在动词 arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require,