高中英语语法分类分析(精华版)

1、高考英语语法分类归纳、练习与分析(精华版一.Tenses and voicesA.现在完成时: 1表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。往往含有“已经”, “已经了”的意思。Eg.Dont think any more about it. I have decided not to help you.I have experienced that before, so I know how to deal with it.2 到目前为止已发生的。与so far, up till now, in the past/ last .days/ yea

2、rs, today, this month/ year 等“包括现在在内的时间状语”连用。My brother is an actor. He has appeared in several films so far.Great changes have taken place in this area in the recent years.3表示过去开始的动作或状态延续到现在。与for/ since 连用。He has worked in the south for ten years/ since ten years ago.Compare(1:完成进行时表示过去开始的动作一直在进行,直

3、至现在。He has been working on this project since last month.(2 过去时态:指发生在过去某段时间内的事。He once worked in the south for ten years (现在不在南方(3 过去完成时态:指发生在过去某个时间以前的动作或状态。常与by/ bythe end of.(到了的时候”连用。例如:1By the time we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets.2How many words had you leaned by the end of

4、last year? Practice:1.It is reported that the pr esident once_ in the Viet Nams war for three years from 1966-1970.A. servedB. had servedC. has servedD. was serving2. -No one answered when I called at 6 yesterday.-I _ to rock music and was absorbed in it.A listenedB was listening C. has listened D.

5、had listened3.I wasnt paying attention to what he was talking about, so I am afraid I _ his speech very well.A. had not understoodB. has not understoodC. did not understandD. dont understand4. I _ good at table tennis, but I havent played it for ages.A. amB. wasC. has beenD. used to be5. I _ where s

6、he gets her money all these days.A. am often wonderingB. often wonderedC. had often wonderedD.have often wondered6. -Tell me what _ while I was absent.-A thief tried to break into the house when I _ in your house.A. happened/ stayedB. was happening/ was stayingC. happened/ was stayingD. was happenin

7、g/ stayed7. -You are always watching TV.-Only on Sundays. And nobody _ it but you.A. knowsB. has knownC. knewD. is knowing8. When the old man _ to walk back to his house ,the sun _itself behind the mountain.A.started ;had already hiddenB.had started ;had already hiddenC.had started ;was hidingD.was

8、starting; hid9. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. A. showed B. has shownC. will showD. is showing10. It _ for weeks before the first cold wave struck the area.A. rainedB. was rainingC. has rainedD. had been raining Keys:1a 2b. 3c 4a 5 过去

9、到现在d 6 c 7a(经常性 8a 9 b 与现在有联系10d二、 Subjunctive Mood (虚拟语气1.It is important that he _ the college entrance examination.A. should attendB. will attendC. must attendD. had to attend8.Dont come this morning. I would rather you_ the day after tomorrow.A. comeB. cameC.are to comeD. will come3._ for the fr

10、ee tickets, I would not have gone to the film so often.A.If it is notB.Were it notC. had it not beenD. If they were not4.-Did you meet with the famous space hero YanLiwei?-_ I had come here earlier!A.But forB.If notC. For fearD. If only5.Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today.A.isB.w

11、ill beC. would have beenD.would be(分析:1.A虚拟语气的一种,句式It is necessary/strange/important that should do2.B 3.C had it not been=if it not had been 4. D. If only= I wish 要是 该多好啊5.D三、非谓语:(to do/ doing / done(By Yuan1.To do(to be done / doing / done 作状语的区别:To do(to be done:作目的状语,结果状语(特定句型Doing(being done, h

12、aving done /done:作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。1complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout thenight.2The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for himwith a gun.3He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished.4Defeat time and again, he still didnt lose heart.(分析:1To/

13、 In order to complete 目的2only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3leaving 结果4 Defeated让步2.To do(to be done / doing / done 作定语的区别:To do(to be done:多表示未完成的动作,和某些特定句型doing :(being done:表示正在进行和经常性的动作done :被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作1T he commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn.2Who were the first people reac

14、h American continent.3People live in this area feed on rice.4Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before thingsreturn to normal.(分析:1to attack 未完成2to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后3living 主动经常性4 struck/ stricken被动、经常性3.To do/to be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。1A

15、t the moment they are preparing for the concert hold in afortnight time.2The novel is reported translate into German already.3He wished praise at the meeting held the day before.4I am glad_(meet you. I hope to see you soon.(分析:1to be held 2 to have been translated 3 to have been praised 4 to have me

16、t 4.doing / being done / having done 与 donedoing :主动、进行或经常性的动作、状态being done:被动、进行或经常性having done:主动,完成于主动词之前done:被动,完成的动作、或经常性的动作、状态1W hen heat , ice will turn into water.2While wander in the street, he came across an old friend of his.3The manager spoke at the conference, _express his satisfaction

17、with the project.4_wipe the table, the waitress asked the couple to be seated.5_raise geese for years, he became an expert at keeping geese.6The book _ publish last month is on grammar.7The project _ carry out these days is to be completed by the end of this year.(分析: 1 heated 2 wandering 3 expressi

18、ng 4 Having wiped 5 Having raised 6published 7 being carried out 5. 下列动词后只能接动名词(-ing:suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。Practice (By Li & Que1.The party was successful, but we thou

19、ght it a pity not _ you.A.to have invitedB. invitingC.to inviteD. invited2.- If Mary doesnt come to work on time, she may be fired.-Surely she is not so foolish _ it.A.as not to realizeB. not as to realizeC. that she didnt realizeD.as not realizing3.The picure _ on the wall is painted by my brother.

20、A.having hungB.hangingC.hangsD. being hung4.I appreciate _ me during the debate.A. of your supportingB. you to supportC. your supportingD. to your supporting5.The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the filmstars had gone.A. tellB.to be toldC. tellingD. told6.I know what kind of boss he is

21、, so I know what _ of him.A. expctedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects7. _ made all of them much disappointed.A. Her not coming backB. her not to come backC. Not her returningD. Not her being back8.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.A. never to driveB. to never driveC.never driving

22、D.never drive9.The boy wanted to swim in the lake, but his mother told him _.A. not toB. not to doC. not to do itD. do not to10.I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you the job.A. informB. having informedC. to informD. informed11.The flowers _ sweet in the botanical garden attract thevisitors

23、to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt12.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to peoplewith specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known13.While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buyingsomething they dont really need.A.

24、 to pursueB. persuadingC. being persuadedD. be persuaded14.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.to pay16.A number of new machines were installed in the factory, thus_ an increase in production.A. to result inB. resultsC.resulting inD.resulted in17.It shames me

25、to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meetingby my boss.A.questioningB.having questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned18._, but he still cou ldnt understand it.A. He had been told many timesB. having been told many timesC. told many timesD. Although he had been told many times19._ comfortably i

26、n her armchair, the old lady enjoyed lightmusic on the MP3 with her eyes half _.A.Seated; closedB.Sat; closingC. Seating; closedD. sitting; close20. _ made the student _ interest in his study.A. Being punished; to loseB. Punished; loseC. Being punished; loseD. having been punished; lose21.What worri

27、ed the child most was _ to visit his mother inthe hospital.A. his not allowingB. his not being allowedC. his being not allowedD. having not been allowed22.All the managers agreed that the matter required _.A. to look intoB. being looked intoC. to be looked intoD. looking into23.I feel it is your hus

28、band who _ for the spoiled child.A. is to blameB. is going to blameC. is to be blamedD. should blame.24.She had no choice but _ to the end.A. fightB. to fightC. fightingD. fought25.Without facts, we can not form a worthwhile opinion, for we needfactual knowledge _ our thinking.A.which to be based on

29、B. on which to baseC. which to base uponD. to which to be based(keys: 1.A 2.A动词不定式的否定not to do 3.B hang“挂”表状态时用主动4.C 5.BOnly to do表令人失望的结果 6.B(expect sth of sb 期待某人eg. Dont expect too mach of her(不要对她期望过高 7.A 8.A 9. A动词不定式的省略10 C regret doing后悔做过. regret to do对将做的事表示遗憾.四、 Model Verbs: 情态动词(By Wang P

30、ing一.表示许可:有may, might, can, could。其中might. could则语气较委婉,但回答由他们引起的问句时,则不用might, could而用can。1 May Might Can Could I keep the book for a few days? Yes, you can.否定形式可用may not, can not或must not,不用might not。2Visitors may not (或can not/mustnt touch the button.二、表示能力:can; be able to. be able to用于各种时态。在一般过去时中

31、,若指“能够并且通过某种努力完成某桩事”,我们必须用be able to。1 Cats can are able to climb trees very quickly.was able to escape from the house.三、表示“责任和义务”的情态动词有must(主观,have to(客观, mustnt表示“不可以、不允许”,而have to否定形式:not have to/ neednt。1 As there was no bus, we had to walk back home. (客观条件2 You mustnt shout like that to your pa

32、rents. (不可以、不允许3 You dont have to neednt work if you dont feel well.四、用于推测:must, may, might, can, could . 但疑问句中只能用can,could.1 He looks pale. He_ be ill.2 -Who _it be? It _(not be Mr. Smith, for he has just left for Paris.-It _be Mr. Brown, for he has something to discuss with me.3 He said he didnt f

33、eel very well. He _(not come to the meeting this evening.(1.must 2. can, cant, must 3. maymight not注意: 表推测时 must, should (ought to , may, could , might 可能性依次递减。should, ought to “应该”较多地用于预测将来的事。can表示理论上的可能性,用于泛指.may, could, might表示事实上的可能性,用于特指具体的,可能将要发生的事。1 He should be back by now. 他现在该回来了。2 The tea

34、cher has explained it several times. There ought to be no problem for them.4 A dog can be dangerous to you 狗可能给人带来危险。(有这种可能性This dog is very clever. It may (或might/could help you find your key.这条狗非常聪明,他可能会帮助你找到钥匙。指具体的事有可能发生。五、shall的用法:1.用于第一、三人称,表示征求意见或请求指示.2.用于第二、三人称,表示意志、允诺、命令、威胁、警告等。在法律、条约、协定等文件中

35、,表示义务、规定等。如:1 Shall he go with you? (请求指示2 You shall have a lot of money.= I shall give you a lot of money.(允诺3 Each citizen shall carry his identification card when traveling. (规定六“情态动词+动词完成式”1. must/may / might + have done,对已发生行为的推测。2.“ should + have done” “ ought to + have done”表示本来该做某事却未做,否定式“sh

36、ouldnt + have done” “ oughtnt to + have done”本来不该做而做了的事。3.“ neednt + have done”做了本来不必做的事,“本来不必”。2 He looks happy. He _ (not know this bad news.3 Where is my pen ? I _ (lose it.4 He was late for work. He_ ( not catch the first bus.5 I didnt see her in the meeting room. She_(not speak at the meeting.6

37、 She is two hours late. What_(happen to her?7 The plant is dead . I _(water it from time to time.8 Tom_ (not give away the secret, but he meant no harm .9 It was a five-minute walk from our school. You _ (not come by taxi.(Keys: 2.cant have known 3.maymight have lost 4. might not have caught5. cant

38、/couldnt have spoken6. couldcan have happened7.should have watered8. shoulnt have given away9.neednt have come注意:could/might+have done:表示过去有可能发生,但实际没有发生.1 You were crazy to climb up that tree. You could have killed yourself.2 You might have made more progress, but you didnt work hard.七、must, can, ma

39、y+动词的进行式,表示对进行中的事进行推测。例如:1They must be waiting anxiously now. 他们此刻一定在焦急地等待着。2Can they be working in the field now? 他们现在可能在地里劳动吗?八情态动词的反意疑问句:1He must be tired now, _?2He must have been tired l ast night after a days work,_?3He must have been to Hong Kong,_?keys: 1. isnt he 2. wasnt he 3. hasnt hePrac

40、tice:1.Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock andgone to sleep again.A. mightB. shouldC. canD. will2. - He didnt pass his English exam.- So he _ a good time during the Spring outing yesterday. A. cant have B. shouldnt have C. mustnt have had D. couldnt have had3. Its nearly seven oclock

41、. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. mustB. needC. shouldD. can4. You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude toa lady.A. mightB. needC. shouldD. would5. The boy must be in the classroom, _ he?A. mu stntB. doesntC. hasntD. isnt6. - Could I borrow your dictionary?- Yes, of course you _.A

42、. mightB. willC. canD. could7. We wonder why Jim Green _ say such things.A. dared not toB. doesnt dare toC. dares not toD. not dares8. I talked a long time, and in the end I _ make him believe me.A. couldB. was able toC. mayD. mightKeys: ADCC(should表惊讶 DCBB五、含有状语从句、名词性从句和定语从句的复合句(by Ms Jiang & Mr.Zh

43、ang用or, and, so, if 填空1.One more week, _ we will accomplish the task.(If we are given one more week, we will accomplish 2.Follow your doctors advice, _ your cough will get worse.(If you follow your doctors advice, your3.The WTO can not live up to its name _it does not include a country that is home

44、to one fifth of mankind.归纳: 常用于表示并列的连词有:and, not onlybut also, neithernor, so, on one handon the other hand等连接两个并列分句表示两个同等概念(Keys: 1 and 2 or 3 if 用but, and, so , when, since, while, as 填空1.I do every single bit of housework _ my husband Bob just does thedishes now and then.2.-I think George doesnt

45、really care for TV plays.-Right, _ he still watches the program.3. What he said is strange, _ yet it is true.1. while2. but3. and归纳:常用于表示转折的连词有:but, still, however, and yet, while, when等。连接两个意义相反的并列分句,表示转折。这些次的用法区别是:but连接并列分句,不用逗号搁开,注意不能将although(though与but 同时使用;however 常用于句首、句中,用逗号搁开;yet构成and yet,

46、等。如:Its raining hard;_, I still want to go.(HoweverWhat the young man said sounds strange, and yet it is true.用 before, when, while, after 填空1.You must strike _ the iron is hot.2.Since _ have you been working here?3.Mary was having dinner _ I saw her.4.I will look after your pet _ you are away.5.Sev

47、eral weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing.6.It wont be long _ I come back.8.She had gone away _ I said goodbye to him.(1.while 2.when 3.when 4. while 5. before 6.before 8. before归纳:几个词在表示时间时,when既可以表示瞬间动作,也可以和延续性动词连用;while 则强调动作的延续,翻译成“在过程中”;before 指“在之前”,有较灵活译法,或翻译成“没来得及.就.”.定语从句

48、掌握定语从句的关键:弄清关系词在定语从句中的语法功能1.When, why, where为关系副词,在定语从句中状语。2.Who, who, that, which为关系代词,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1Well never forget the date _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded.2October 1st1949 is the date_ well never forget.3Did he tell you the reason _ he didnt come to your birthday party?4Now we u

49、nderstand the reason _ he tried to explain to us last time.5This is the room _ Chairman Mao once lived.5This is the museum _ we paid a visit to ten years ago. The keys:1 when 2 which/that 3 why 4 that/which 5 where 6 which/that名词性从句1 考查it作形式宾语的句型I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. i

50、t B. that C. these D. them( A .it代替后面的由when引起的宾语从句2名词性从句和让步状语从句的区别Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A. anyoneB. whomeverC. whoever D no matter who(Key: C. “whoever shares her interests” 作of 的宾语从句,Whomever不作主语,而no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。1Eat _ cake you like and leave the others f

51、or _ comesin late.A. any; whoB. every; whoeverC. whichever; whoeverD. either;whoever2He wont be accepted _ he works. (不管有多努力 ( 1.C 2 no matter how/however 3 what, that 在名词性从句中的区别:that在名词性从句中不作成分,而what 作成分。1A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.2_fashion differs from countr

52、y to country may reflect the cultural differences form one aspect.key: 1 what. what was a wasteland ten years ago作in 的宾语从句, what作从句的主语;2 That. 句中”fashion differs from country to country”已独立成句,不再需要其他句子成分,故用That。1After _ seemed half an hour, the teacher gave us the correct answer.2_ we cant get seems

53、better than _ we have.3The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. (以上几个空格都填what4 考查what, which, who(m,whose与whatever, whichever , who(mever, whosever两类连接代词的区别。1-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, thats_.A. what makes me feel excitedB. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited3It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. whoB. whoeverC. whomD. whomever1题中谈论的“昨天的比赛”是“一件事情”,而非“无论何事(whatev