八年级英语下册 现在完成时讲解和练习

1、现在完成时练习1.构成现在完成时是由助动词have(has+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。2.用法(1表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如:-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it.你(已经吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了(2表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止,可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表

2、示一段时间的状语。 如:He has taught here since 1981他自1981年就在这儿教书。(可能还要继续教I have't seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。3.结构1.陈述句结构:主语+have( has(not+过去分词+其它。have not=havent has not=hasnt.2.一般疑问句结构:Have( Has +主语+过去分词+其它?3.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+have(has +主语+ 过去分词+其它?eg. He has already finished his homework.He hasnt finis

3、hed his homework yet.Has he finished his homework yet?-Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.(3表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语过,常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。如:I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。4.现在完成时的时间状语(1现在完成时属于现在时范围,故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。

4、但是,在强调动作产生的后果和影响时,可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中,yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如:We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中,表示曾经或从未等。如:-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗?-I have never been to the

5、Great Wall.我从未去过长城。c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语,如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如:I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前见过她,但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。1d.用包括现在在内的时间状语,如:now, today, this morning (month ,year, term等。例如:-Have you met him

6、today?-No,I haven't.今天你见过他吗?我没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次?(2现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始,一直持续到现在。如:I haven't seen him for two years. 但是,像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。要用,必须改为be(在等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换: arrivebe he re begin(st

7、artbe ondie be dead come backbe backleave be away fall ill(sick,asleepbe ill(sick,asleepget upbe up go out be outfinish be over put on wear 或be onopen be open join be in或be a member ofclose be closed go to schoolbe a studentborrow keep buy havecatch(a cold have(a coldget to know knowbegin to studyst

8、udy come to workwork等如:He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。We have studied English for three years. 我们(开始学英语已三年了。5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等,而一般过去时只表示

9、动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系。试比较:I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。(现在还未找到I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。(昨天丢的,现在找到与否没说明6.几点注意事项(1have been(to与have gone( to的区别:have been(to表示去过某地(现在已经回来了,可用于各人称;have gone(to表示去某地了(说话时某人不在当地,常用于第三人称,前者可与once ,never,several times等连用,后者则不能。如:They have been to Beijing twi

10、ce.他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2如单纯表示一段时间,或强调一段时间,虽有since一词,也不必用完成时。如: It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。(3终止性动词现在完成时的否定式,已变成一种可以延续的状态,因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来,我一直没有离开过这儿。现在完成时练习Exercises7A用ha

11、ve(has been 或have(has gone 填空。2A: Where _ Li Fei _?B: He _ to Hainan Island.A: How long _ he _ there?B: He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A: How many time

12、s _ Li Fei _ to that place?B: He _ there only once.B用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。Where is Jack? He _ his country.John _ England since he came back.How long _ have _ this village?The Smiths _ Beijing for years._ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.I _ this school since three

13、years ago.C选择填空( 1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,_he?(Aisn't (Bwasn't (Chasn't (Ddoesn't( 2.She's never been to England, _she?(Ahas (Bhasn't (Cisn't (Dis( 2._has Hanmei been in the library.(AHow long (BHow soon (CHow far (DHow often( 3.How long _he_ the library

14、 book .(Ahas, borrow (Bhas ,kept (Chas, bought (Ddid, buy( 4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He _to the library(Ahas gone (Bwent (Chas been (Dwill go( 5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week(Ahas been (Bhas visited (Chas sent (Dhas gone( 6.They_China for two years(Ahave been to (Bhave

15、been in(chave gone to (Dhave come toExercises10A按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be thereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.I went home

16、yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be back come/go out be out3He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.We return to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become beI became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.The river be

17、came dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _.The door opened at six in the morning.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleepfinish/end be over

18、 marry be marriedI got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.They married in 1990.They _

19、_ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth.begin be onI began to teach at this school in 1995.I _ _ at this school since _.The film began two minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear catch/get a cold have a cold get to know knowThey borrowed it last week.They _

20、 _ it since _ _.I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.I got to know him last year.I _ _ him since _ _.I put on my glasses three years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in4He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a lea

21、gue/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the armyHe joined the league in 2002.He _ _ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brothe

22、r _ _ in _ _ for two years.C选择填空( 2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years(Adied ,dead (Bhas died, dead(Cdied ,has been dead (Dhas died, has died( 3.I have _this nice watch for two years(Ahad (Bbought (Cborrowed (Dlend( 4.He _his home for ten years(Ahas left (Bleft from (Chas been away from (Dwas away from( 5.He _a league member for three years(Ais (Bhas been (Chas become (Dhave become( 6.Lihua's brother has _for two years(Ajoined the army (Bb