词性与词形变化

1、词性与词形变化词性与词形变化 词性的分类词性的分类词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分成以分成1010个大类。个大类。1 名词 noun n. student 学生 2 代词 pronoun pron. you 你3 形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的 4 副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5 动词 verb v. cut 砍、割 6 数词 numeral num. three 三7 冠词 article art. a 一个 8 介词 preposition prep. at 在.9 连词 co

2、njunction conj. and 和 10 感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫前六类叫实词实词，后四类叫，后四类叫虚词虚词。名词(表示人或物名称的词) 名词可以分为专有名词专有名词和普通名词普通名词 。 专有名词：Beijing，China，the United States普通名词：book，water（可数名词和不可数名词）普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：gun 2）集体名词：family (以上两类属于可数名词)3）物质名词：air 4）抽象名词：work (以上两类属于不可数名词)代词可以分为下列九类：1. 人称代词：They are m

3、y school mates. 2. 物主代词：Our friends have great concern for each other. 3. 反身代词：Take good care of yourselves. 4. 相互代词：We should help each other. 5. 指示代词：Who are these people? 6. 疑问代词：What are you doing?7.不定代词： Do you know anything about it?8. 连接代词：Do you know who did it? 9. 关系代词：She married Tony, who

4、 is a student too. 代词代词(代替名词的词代替名词的词)形容词形容词 (修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词修饰名词等，说明事物或人的性质或特征的词)形容词可分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类。1)性质形容词：hot，good，wonderful直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。2) 叙述形容词： afraid，alone，asleep只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。形容词形容词1. I have a red apple

5、.2. The tall boy there is my brother.3. Miss Chen is very kind in class.4. That hungry man ate much food.5. That young lady comes from the USA.副词副词(主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子) 说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。时间副词: soon, then, today, tomorrow, afterwards , now 地点副词: here, there程度副词: very, quite, rathe

6、r方式副词: beautifully, reluctantly, well频度副词: often , frequently, always动词动词动词就是表示动作或者是状态的词。动词可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类。1. We have lunch at 12. 我们12点吃午饭。(have是行为动词) 2. We have been to New York. 我们去过纽约。(have是助动词) 3. I am hungry. 我饿了。(am是连系动词) 4. She was beaten on the way home. (was是助动词) 5. You neednt have

7、waited for me. 你本来不必等我。(need是情态动词) 6. The door needs painting. 这个门需要油漆了。(needs及物动词) 数词数词数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。 一、基数词基数词写法和读法二、序数词序数词的缩写形式：first1stsecond2ndthirty-first31st三、数词的用法1）倍数表示法2）分数表示法冠词冠词冠词分为三类：冠词分为三类：定冠词定冠词: the不定冠词不定冠词: a / an零冠词零冠词:/介词介词按意义英语介词可分为：按意义英语介词可分为：1. 时间介词：at, o

8、n, in, during, over, from, for, until2. 地点介词：at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside3. 其它介词：by, with, about, except, instead of, due to英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词，动名词或英语介词不可单独使用，后面必须跟名词，动名词或句子构成介宾结构等。句子构成介宾结构等。连词连词不能独立担任句子成分，只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。1. 并列连词：and，but, or, nor, so, as wel

9、l as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, (and) then2. 从属连词：when ,where, because, if , as词形转换词形转换形容词变副词形容词变副词动词变名词动词变名词动词变形容词动词变形容词名词变形容词名词变形容词形容词变副词形容词变副词1. 一般情况下直接加-lyquick-quickly real-really helpful-helpfully 2. 以y结尾的,先将y改成i,再加-ly happy-happily busy-busily 3. 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结

10、尾的形容词要先去掉e，然后再加-y或-ly。true-truly terrible-terribly。绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。polite-politely, wide-widely 形容词变副词形容词变副词4. 以ll结尾的词 只加-y full-fully 5. 以ic结尾的词 加-ally automatic-automatically 6. 副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来, loud (adj.) -aloud (adv.) 7. 部分名词加后缀也可变成副词，part-partly e.g.：It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。 注意：f

11、riendly；lovely；lively；lonely等词是形容词而非副词动词变名词动词变名词1.在词尾加在词尾加-er, -r, 双写加双写加-er 或或-or:A. play player, sing singerB. write writer, drive driver C. run runner, travel travellerD. visit visitor, invent inventor2. 在词尾加在词尾加-ing:build building, begin beginning swim swimming, skate skatingmean meaning, cross

12、crossing3.在词尾加在词尾加-ion 或去或去e加加-ion: describe description produce productionpollute pollutioncelebrate celebrationeducate educationgraduate graduation B. instruct instruction invent inventionattract attraction suggest suggestion动词变名词动词变名词4. 在词尾加在词尾加-ment 结尾结尾argue-argumentadvertise- advertisement gov

13、ern government amuseamusement 动词变名词动词变名词5. 其他其他know knowledgeplease pleasure practise practice die deathsucceed success weigh weighttour tourist product produceenter entrancefly flightdiscover discoveryfail failure behavebehaviorenjoy joy mix mixturearrive arrival动词变名词动词变名词Quiz: wait dance win feel

14、say decide organize invite discuss agree develop waiter dancer winnerfeeling sayingdecisionorganizationinvitationdiscussionagreementdevelopment动词变形容词动词变形容词1.词尾加词尾加-ful:thank thankfulforget forgetful wonder wonderful2. 词尾变词尾变y为为-i,加加-ed:worry worriedsatisfy satisfied3.词尾加词尾加-able:enjoy - enjoyable su

15、it suitable comfort - comfortable动词变形容词动词变形容词5.词尾加词尾加-ing:interest interesting surprise surprising excite exciting develop developing frighten frightening relax relaxing 4.词尾加词尾加-d或或e-d:please pleased excite excited surprise surprised frighten frightened relax relaxed interest interested 动词变形容词动词变形容

16、词6.词尾加词尾加-ive：attract-attractive act-active7.其它：其它：lose lostfool - foolish taste tastyeducate - educationalbreak - broken speak - spokenwake awakedie - deadwiden wide enable ablesleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep动词变形容词动词变形容词Quiz:pollute crowd develop succeed fry interest-enjoy die pollutedcrowdeddev

17、eloped/developingsuccessfulfriedinterested/interestingenjoyabledead名词变形容词名词变形容词1.名词加名词加-y构成形容词。构成形容词。rain rainywind windysun sunnyluck luckynoise noisyhealth healthy2. 名词加名词加-ly构成形容词。构成形容词。friend friendly love lovelyfather fatherly (父亲般的） brother brotherly (兄弟般的)名词变形容词名词变形容词3. 名词加名词加-ful构成形容词构成形容词，表示肯定。use useful （有用的，有益的） help helpful （有帮助的，有益的） harm harmful （有害的）care careful （小心的，仔细的）4. 名词加名词加-less构成形容词构成形容词，表示否定。use useless （无用的）help helpless （无能的，无用的）harm harmless （无害的） care careless （粗心的） 名词变形容词名词变形容词5.在某些名词后加在某些名词后加-ous构成形容词构成形容词danger dangerousfame famous 6.名词加名词加-en构成形容词构成形容词wool w