八种常用时态的被动语态

1、八种常用时态的被动语态被动语态是动词语态的一种形式,表示主语是动作的承受者.在历年的中考题中, 都有一定数量的考查被动语态的题目.因此,在总复习阶段,有必要对被动语态进 行系统复习.下面就来介绍被动语态复习的三步曲,来帮助大家掌握这个语法项 目.第一曲:掌握被动语态的结构被动语态由助动词+及物动词的过去分词构成.不同时态的被动语态的差异主 要表达在助动词be的变化上,同时助动词be还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致.现将初中阶段常见的几种时态的被动语态总结如下:8种常用时态的被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词构成.助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化.(1) 一般现在时：am/is/are +过

2、去分词.如： Rice is grown in south China.华 南种植水稻.(2) 一般过去时：was/were+过去分词.如：The glass was broken yesterday这块 玻璃是 昨天打 烂的.(3)现在进 行时： am/is/are being 如去分词.如： The project is being carried out.这个计戈.正在执 行中.过去进行时：was/were being如去分词.如：This road was being built this time last year 这条路去年这个时候还在修建.(5) 股将来时：will be +过

3、去分词.如：The cars will be sent abroad by sea®些汽车将由水路运往国外.过去将来时：would be +过去分词.如：The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the yeaS 理说这个 工程在年底前将会完成.现在完成时：have/has been过去分词.如：This novel has been translated into several language这本小说已被译成了 几种语言.(8)过去完在时：had been如去分词.如：When I got to

4、the theatre,I found the tickets had already been sold ou暇 至U 达 剧 院 时,发现票已卖完了.(9 ) 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+done 如：Your homework must be handed in today.第二曲：掌握主动语态变被动语态 的方法把主动语态变为被动语态时,应走好以下三步：1主动语态的宾语变为被动语态 的主语;2主动语态的谓语动词由主动语态形式变为被动语态形式；3主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构的谓语动词之后.在无须 说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时,by短语可

5、以省略.请看示范：主动语态:My brother repaired that bike yesterday.主语谓语动词 宾语其余局部 被动语态:That bike was repaired by my brother yesterday.主语谓语动词by+宾语其余局部在中考题中,对丁主动语态变为被动语态方法的考查,主要在句型转换题目中出现.只要能够根据上面介绍的方法去做,一般是能够做对的.第三曲:注意主动语态变为被动语态的几种特殊句型1.含有短语动词的被动语态一般来说,只有及物动词才有被动语态.另外,许多不及物动词加上介词或副词构 成的短语动词,相当丁及物动词,后面也可加宾语.在变被动语态时

6、,注意不可丢掉 后面的介词或副词常 见的这类短语动词有:take care of,look after,take off,look at,send for,look up 等.如：The old people should be taken good care of. 2.有双宾语的动词的被动 语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另 一个宾语仍保存在原处.一种情况是把间接宾语 指人变为主语,直接宾语指物 不变.另一种情况是把直接宾语指物变为主语,间接宾语指人不变,这时,间接宾 语前通常加介词to,有时加for.如:My father gave me a ne

7、w book on my birthdaysI was given a new book by my father on my birthday.间 接宾语 作了主 语 A new book was given to me by my father on my birthday. ft 接宾语作了 主 语3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语宾语和宾语补足语的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被 动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动.同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不 定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有 make, let, see, hear, watch 等

8、. 如 : We find English very useful. English is found very useful. 宾语 宾补I often hear him sing in his room.T He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语 宾 补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词 有:wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, fee等.如:The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析届 丁哪种情

9、况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题.常 见的这类短语动词有:take care of, look after, take off, look at, send for, look up 等.如：The old people should be taken good care of.容有双宾语的动词的被动 语态含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时,应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语,另 一个宾语仍保存在原处.一种情况是把间接宾语 指人变为主语,直接宾语指物 不变.另一种情况是把直接宾语指物变为主语,间接宾语指人不变,这时,间接宾 语前通常加介词to,有时加for.如:My father gave me a

10、 new book on my birthdaysI was given a new book by my father on my birthday.间 接宾语 作了主 语 A new book was given to me by my father on my birthday. ft 接宾语作了 主 语3.带有复合宾语的动词的被动语态带有复合宾语宾语和宾语补足语的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被 动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动.同时,如果宾语补足语是省略to的动词不 定式,变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to,这类动词有 make, let, see, hear, watc

11、h 等. 如 : We find English very useful. English is found very useful. 宾语 宾补I often hear him sing in his room.T He is often heard to sing in his room. 宾语 宾 补4.有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,这类动词 有:wash, sell, smell, taste, sound, fee程.如:The books sell well. The food tastes good.以上四种情况在中考题目中经常出现,同学们在碰到类似题目时,应首先分析届 丁

12、哪种情况,然后再根据掌握的知识来做题.解析：因he与send是被动关系,排除D； 乂因it (is) necessary后的that从句的 谓语要用“ (should+)动词原形,排除选项A；答句中的表语从句不缺任何句子 成分,用that;应选Bo将 语 态 与 倒 装 结 合 起 来 命题 Only after my friend came. A. did the computer repairedB. be repaired the computer C. was the computer repairedD. the computer was repaired解析：因the comput

13、er与repair是被动关系,排除A； 乂因only加状语置丁句首,要用局部倒装,排除选项 D和B;应选Co将固定短语中的名词作主语来增加句子理解难度Good care must babies, particularly while they are ill. A. takeB. take ofC. be takenD. be taken of解析：由固定短语take good care of好好照看是可知,good care与take是被动关系,排除A和B；选项C中乂漏掉了 of;应选Do在语境中将语态与时态结合起来命题1. The number of deaths from heart d

14、isease will be reduced greatly if people toeat more fruit and vegetables.A. persuadeB. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded解析：因people与persuade是被动关系,排除A和B.乂由于主语是一般将来时,条件句中用一般现在时,所以选 Do2. Hundreds of jobs if the factory closes. A. loseB. will be lost C. are lost D. will lost解析：因lose与jobs是被动关

15、系,排除A和D； 乂因条件状语从句是一般现在时,主句中的谓语动词应当是一般将来时,应选B.3. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth each year.A. were washed awayB. is being washed away C. are washing awayD. are being washed away解析：因good earth低土与wash away冲走是被动关系,排除 C; 乂因 quantities of作主语,谓语动词用复数,排除 B；指近阶段近些年正在发生的 事,用现在

16、进行时,排除A;应选Do4. The window is dirty. I know. It for weeks.4A. hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean C. wasri t cleaned D. hasn t been cleaned? 析：由is和for weeks可知,要用现在完成时态,排除B和C; 乂因 It (The window)与clean是被动关系,要用被动语态,所以选 D.5. George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to the wedding? No, I. Did

17、they have a big wedding? A. was not invitedB. have not been invitedC. hadn' t been invitedD. didn' t invite解析：由于I与invite是被动关系,乂由于邀请应当发生在结婚之前,got married 是过去,invite就该是过去的过去,所以用过去完成时的被动语态,只有C正确.6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics_ by 2006.A. has been completedB. has completed C. will have been completed