初三英语总复习精品讲义

1、初三英语总复习精品讲义八种动词时态,有的只要求到达理解层次,有的那么要求到达熟练运用层次.至少其中五种时态包括过去进行时是要求到达熟练运用层次的,而且其考查方式肯定不会以某一时态的独立形式出现,而是时态的综合运用,尤其要重视各种时态之间的区别.找出它们之间的不同冠词的用法.现以冠词为例：1. John was given orange bag for his birthday butA.an,a B.a,the C.the,a2. There's old tree nearbag was lost just now.3. There is 800-metre-long road beh

2、ind4. good,kind girl she is! A.How B.What a5. bad weather!I hope it won't last long. D.How a6. they are listening to the teacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully由上例题我们可以发现冠词和感慨句是必考内容.D.an,thehouse. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,thehospital.A.an,an B.a,a C.an,theC.WhatD.How aA.How B.WhatD.What

3、 carefully同样,象宾语从句的语序、D.the,aD.a,theC.What a代词的格、无一展开讨论,主谓语一致、动词和介词的搭配、近义词的比较以及习惯表达法和情态动词的使用等,不在考查之列.所有这一切语言根底知识,我都将通过对典型试题的解题分析,分层展示难易比照,系统归纳.对于语言根底知识是这样处理,那么对以水平测试为主要目的的中考其他试题形式又该怎么办呢这里我们以一篇完形填空题为例：A poor farmer had never left his small village.After he(1) a lot of money,he decided to spend a holi

4、day in an expensive hotel(旅馆)in a bigtown.(2)lunch time came on his first day there,he went to eat in the restaurant(餐馆)of the hotel(3) his new clothes.The head waiter( 效劳员)(4)him to the table,took his order and went away.When he turned and (5)the farmer again,he had a (6)!The farmer had tied(系)his

5、table cloth round his (7).The head waiter told another waiter to go to the farmer and (8) him that people (9) do such a thing in his restaurant.So the waiter morning,sir.Would you like a haircut?"1. A.lent2. A.During3. A.for D.brought 5.A.looked D.surprise7. A.arm D.told 9.A.can't D.terB.ma

6、deB.ThoughB.with C.onat B.watched C.sawB.don'tB.neckwent totheC.paid C.WhenD.inD.foundC.handC.won't D.mustn'tfarmer and said in a (10) voice(声音),"GoodD.gaveD.Because4.A.wantedB.put C.showedD.head6.A.look8.A.ask10.A.friendlyB.rest C.table clothB.tell C.taughtB.tiredC.sad要求考生从所给的选项中选出

7、正确答案,使补足后的短文意思通顺,结构完整.对此, 考生必须通篇考虑,不能拿来就做,那样必然顾此失彼,前后意思不得连贯.目前的中考完型还侧重于语法,这将在逐年试题的变革中转向按上下文的要求来推断理解.在解这类题时,必须掌握“词感现象,注意学会区分“干扰项.所谓词感,“the sense of word"是指一种对词或词群的感受水平.对词的感受力强,在解题时会较为容易地找到它 与情景的关系.词感并不仅仅指词与词之间的细微差异,也并不注重词的搭配与组合,它较多地强调选用恰当的词,以利于对情景作出符合逻辑的判断.同时也就把其它三个作为干扰项的选择项排除掉了.最后复读一篇全文,就会语感流畅,

8、句意明确.这儿举例的目的是想说明,我从一个较高的立意来对中考题型,特别是完形、阅读等, 进行分析、探讨,借以使同学们获得较为完整的解题思路和解题方法.词汇一这一讲里,主要帮助同学们掌握名词、冠词、数词的用法,特别是针对同学不易掌握 的方面.一、名词关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数,名词的格.单数可用a、an来修饰可数名词单数,在元音发音开头的单词前用an,而不是a1. 复数的构成方法：1一般在复数名词后加 s,如：dog-dogs.以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词加 es,如：watch-watches.3以辅音字母加 y结尾的名词,变 y为i加es,如：country-countries o

9、请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词,那么只须加 s. 如：monkey-monkeys.4以.结尾的名词,只有 potato土豆,tomato西红柿加es构成复数.5以f、fe结尾的名词,变 f、fe为v再加es, 如：knife-knives.2. 单复数形式相同的词：sheep-sheep, fish-fishChinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese3. 特殊变化的单词有：ltooth-teeth , foot-feeth2man-men , woman-women , policeman-policemen,Frenchman-Frenchmen请区别：Ge

10、rman德国人一Germans3child children4. 常以复数形式出现的名词： people人,clothes衣服,trousers裤子glasses龈镜,这些 名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它*1浦谓语, 用复数. 如：My clothes are be newer thanyours.5. 有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数.这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆.如:news.肖息,maths数学,physics物理No news is good news.6. 可用 how many, many, a few, few, a lot of, lots of, some, a

11、ny 等来修饰可数名词复数. How many are there in your pencil-box?knife不可数名词：1. 常见的不可数名词有：water , rice , fish , meat , 等.应特别记 medicine,news,work,homework,housework,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood.2. 不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数.如： Some bread over there.be3. 常用 how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any 等来修饰不可数名词.4. 常

12、用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量.如要表达"两片面包这样的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece那么可加s.即：twopiecesof bread请区别：可数名词也可用量来表示,如：三箱苹果three boxes of apples例： 1、These two pieces of bread over there.be2、Could I have three,please ?A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads名词的格名词所有格的构成方

13、法,在名词后加"s.如：TomTom's译为"的",假设遇上以s结尾的复数名词,那么在 s后加""即可.如：Teachers'Day , twoweeks'holiday,而不以s结尾 的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加 's.如：Children's Day关于名词所有格,应掌握以下几点：1. 可用名词所有格表示地点.如：my aunt's我姑姑家.go to the doctor's去医生家.2. 表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加's 如：Lucy and Lily's

14、露西和莉莉的3. 掌握词组：a girl of five 一个五岁的女孩a friend of mine我的一个朋友eg;The white shirt is and blue one is . A、 Kate,my B.Kate's,mine C.Kate,mine D.Kate's,my二、冠词冠词是词汇中的根底的,也是简单的局部,所以同学们有必要掌握其根本用法,归纳起来,同学们应该掌握以下几点：1.冠词指不定冠词 a,an和定冠词the2.不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前,如： an hour,an English car.请区别：a usefulmachine3.

15、指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词the4. 在世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the.如:the sun,the moon,the earth5. 定冠词the用于序数词前,表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前.如：the first,the best ,in thesouth6. 在复数姓氏前加the,表示xx一家人,常看成复数.如:The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.7. 在介词短语中常用定冠词the,如：in the box ,behind the chair8. 特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：在节日、星期、

16、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词.如： in summer,in August请区别：in the spring of 1945.(这里表示特指,故加 the)(2) 日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词.如：have breakfast ,play football(3) 些固定词组中,如:go to bed ,go to school,by bus ,at night.9. 在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,请注意区别：in front of 在前面in the hospital 在医院里in the front of在范围内的前部in hospital (生病)住院练习：There's 8

17、00-metre-long road behind hospital.A.an,an B.a, a C.an, the D.a, the三、数词同学们首先应会读会写所有基数词和序数词,以及与数词有关的钟点表达法.对数词的考查,中考常采用单项选择题及听力题,这些题型归纳起来,应掌握以下几点特别容易出错的地 方.1. 基数词变序数词.其规律为：1,2,3 特殊记,加 th 从 4 起(first,second,third,fourth)8 少 t, 9 去 e,千万别忘记 (eighth,ninth) 逢 5 逢 12, ve 变 f (fifth,twelfth)20到90, y要变ie (tw

18、entieth,ninetieth)假设是几十几,前基后序别倒位(ninety-first)2. hundred,thousand,million 在构成具体的数字时用单数形式.如：five hundred people.只有在表达笼统的多数时才加s,构成复数形式.hundreds of数以百计的,成百上千的thousands of数以千计的,成千上万的millions of数百万的这些词组前不能用具体数字.3. 序数词常与定冠词the连用.练习：Henry has learned eight French words this year.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hund

19、red of D.hundreds of The lesson is the most difficult one in Book Two. (twenty)另外,同学们还应掌握与数词有关的钟点表达法.顺读法(钟点 + 分钟) 如：4:30 four thirty 4:45 four forty-five4:15 four fifteen 倒读法(分钟+ to/past+ 钟点) 如：4:30 half past four4:15 fifteen past four /a quarter past four 4:45 fifteen to five / a quarter to five练习题

20、 ：1. At the beginning of the(twenty) century,the world's population was about 1700 million.2. Are these(watch)yours? Yes.3. You don't look well.You'd better go to the(doctor) at once.4. Would you give me,please?A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of paper

21、s5. There are three and seven in the picture.A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps6. A lot of are talking with two.A.Germans,FrenchmansD.Germans,FrenchmenB.Germen,FrenchmansC.German,Frenchmen7. June 1 is _. A.the Children's Day B.the Childrens' Day C.Children'

22、s Day D.Childrens' Day8. people went out to see what had happened.A.Thousands of B.Three thousand ofC.Thousand of D.Three thousands9. We have been in the school forA.three and a half monthB.three and a half monthsC.three month and a halfD.three months and half10. English is useful language. A.A,

23、 an B./, a C.The, anD. A, /11. John was given orange bag for his birthday but bag was lost just now.A.an,a B.a,the C.the,a D.an,the12. There's old tree near house. A.a,an B.an,the C.a,the D.the,a13. There is 800-metre-long road behind hospital.A.an,an B.a,aC.an,the D.a,the四. 代词人称代词： 主格：单数I、you、h

24、e、she、it 复数 we、you、they 宾格: 单数 me、you、him、her、it 复数 us、you、them物主代词：形容词性 my、your、his、her、its、our、your、their 名词性 mine、yours、his、hers、its、ours、yours、theirs 反身代词: myself、yourself、himself、herself、itself、ourselves、yourselves、 themselves1. 形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词,名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词.2. 注意名词性物主代

25、词在句中所指代的关系,是单数还是复数.如： These books aren't ours. Ours are new.这里 ours=our booksThis is not our room.Ours is over there.这里 ours=our room3. of+名词性物主代词表示所属 如：a sister of his他的一个妹妹 a friend of mine 我的一 个朋友4. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为：“第二人称,第三人称,第一人称.如: You, she and I all enjoy the music.5. 关于反身代词,同学们须掌握其固定结构：enj

26、oy oneself=have a good time 过得很愉,快 by oneself=alone 单独、单独help oneself to-随便吃/喝 些.learn sth. by oneself =teach oneself sth.自学练习题1. -Whose trousers are these?-, I think.A.They B.Their C.Theirs D.Them2. Nobody taught English. He taught. A.him, himself B.his, himself C.him, byhimself D.his, his二修饰可数名词ma

27、ny few表否认意义a few表肯定意义修饰不数名词much little 表否认意义a little 表肯定意义few和little 与quite或only 连用时,常加不定冠词a.如:There are quite a few new books in the library.=用 little, a little, few, a few 填空:1.I often stay at home because I have friends here.2. Jim,don't go and get some water. There is water in the glass.3. T

28、hough he learned French only weeks. He can speak very well.4. Lily had bread because she was hungry yesterday.三不定代词 :something, anything, nothing.当形容词修饰这三个不定代词时,常后置.如：something newThere's in today's newspaper.中考题A.important anything B.important something C.anything important D.something impo

29、rtant四另外,还要注意代词 some, every, all, both, either, another1. some 一些,某一般用于肯定句中注：some有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中.any 任何多用于疑问句和否认句 Will you give me some water? Would you like some meat? May I ask some questions? Could I have some apples?2. every +单数名词“每一个强调共性,作定语,形式上为单数.each “每一个强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常与 of连用.如：Each stu

30、dent was asked to try again. Each of them has a nice skirt.Every child likes playing games.3. all " 全部都表示三者或三者以上,作同位语时,一般放在连系、助动词之后,行为 动词之前.none "没有"表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of如： We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.None of us is/are afraid of dogs.单、复数均可4. both "两者都,作主语时,

31、看作复数；作定语时,后跟名词复数.either "两者中任何一个,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数；作定语时,后跟名词单数.neither "两者都不,含有否认意义,用法同either.如： They both swim well. = Both of them swim well. There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street. Neither of us is going to Beijing next week. Neither ans

32、wer is right.5. another +单数名词,"另一个"one - the other “一个,另一个"the other +复数名词 =the others "其他的人或物"指确定范围内剩下的全部others "别五疑问代词 5 个"wh,即 who, whose, whom, what, which这里,which是同学们不易掌握的内容,其实,同学们只须记住,对作定语的内容提问, 常用which.例如:I like the red shirt.do you like ?练习：一、根据所给单词的适当形式填空,

33、使句意通顺,语法完整6. Can you come with us ?we7. These skirts are hers . Yours are over there.she8. Please take care of yourselves , boys and girls.you9. I don't think this is my frisby, though it looks likemine .I10. Look at those books. Are they yours?that一、根据首字牌填11. Is there anything interesting in th

34、e newspaper?12. She asked us to help each other.13. The old man can neither read nor write.14. Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.15. Please help yourself to some fish, Lucy.三、叵义勺转唤16. A: The children played happily in the zoo yesterday.B: The children enjoyed themselves in the zoo y

35、esterday.17、A: He doesn't like mutton, and she doesn't, either.B:Neither he nor she likes mutton.18、A: All the American people don't like sandwiches.B:Not all the American people like sandwiches.19、A: They don't often hear the twins sing the song in the school.B:Neither of the twins

36、is often heard to sing the song in theschool.ZK)四、单顼选择(C) 20、-Can you speak Chinese, Peter?-Yes, but only . A. little B. few C. a little D. a few(A) 21、-Do you like Jane's new skirt?-Yes, very much. I'll ask mum to buy for me.A. one B. it C. the other D. a(B) 22、The color of her skirt is dif

37、ferent from of mine. A. one B. that C. it D. this(B) 23、Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running, some like swimming. like ball games.A. the others B. others C. the other D. other(A)24、-I'll give the boys to e -Oh, I know, fish and chips.A. something English B. English someth

38、ingC. anything English D. Englishanything(D) 25、-Shall I help you with the heavy box?-No, thanks, I can do it . A. me B. my C. mine D. myself(D)26、-What time shall we meet this afternoon,3:00 or 4:00?-I don't mind. time is OK.A. Neither B. Each C. Any D. Either(C) 27、-My bag is full, what about

39、? - is full, too.A. you, Yours B. his, He C. yours, Mine D. hers, She(D) 28、-I've had enough bread, Would you like ? -No, thanks.A. a few more B. one more C. another more D. some more(A)29、There are many trees on sides of the river.A. both B. either C. neither D. each(A) 1、He has two bikes, one

40、is new, is old.A. the other B. other C. the others D. others(C)2、Without the sun, could grow in the world.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything(B) 3、of them is going to play basketball with you this afternoon.A. All B. Neither C. Some D. Both(B)4、-Can you tell me what a panda looks like?

41、-Look! This is a picture of . A. it B. one C. two D. some(B)5、There are not many pears here, but you can take if you want to.A. few B. a few C. a little D. little二、形容词副词大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级： 原级：比较级：比较.,更.一些最高级： 最.(A) 1.构成：(规那么情况)情况 变化方 法例词单音节词和少数双音节词：一般情况加er, est clever-cleverer-cleverest 以字母 e 结尾 加 r,

42、st nice-nicer-nicest重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时 双写加er, est big-bigger-biggest 以辅音字母加 y 结尾 变 y 为i加 er, est early-earlier-earliest音K分双音节和多音节词在词前加 more, most slowly-more slowly-most slowly2. 不规贝U 变化, 须熟记： good/well-better-bestmany/much-more-mostfar-farther-farthest bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least(B)

43、常见的使用情况1. as - as -和.一样(中间用原级)2. not as(so) - as和.不一样(中间用原级)3than -.比.(用比较级)4. 有范围修饰的用最高级如:in, of, among或用从句修饰的eg. Winter is the coldest season of the year. This is the best film that I have ever seen .5. 上匕较级 +and+ 比较级 意为"越来越- .eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful6. The+比较级,the+比较级 越.

44、就越 - . eg:The more, the better.越多越好(C) 注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略.2. 可用 much, a little, even, still 等修饰比较级.3. 在比较级中为了预防重复,在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到 过的名词.eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.(D) 掌握三种同义句转换：1. He is taller than any other student in his class. =He is the tallest

45、 (student)in his class.2. This film is less interesting than that one. =This film isn't as interesting as that one.=That film is more interesting than this one.3.I prefer maths to English. =I like maths better than English.Which do you like , fish, meat eggs? A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D

46、.better,and此外,关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：1. 形容词修饰名词作定语,跟在连系动词之后作表语.2. 副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+ 名词例如;She is old enough to go to school.她够上学的年龄了.3. 区别几组易混淆的副词：也too用于肯定、疑问句 also较为正式书面语either用于 否认句 已经already常用于肯定句、疑问句 yet常用于否认句、疑问句不再 no (not any) longer 从时间上讲no (not any) more 从动作上讲如此这样

47、 such修饰名词 eg: such a big boxso修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big单独、单独 alone作表语 =by oneself 孤独的lonely 可作表语、定语 eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing over there. (happy)练习题1. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake. _ are climbing the hill.A.Others B. Other C. Another D.The

48、 other2. There isn't in today's newspaper.A. important something B. important anything C. anything important D. nothing important3. -Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister's?-No,Mum. It's not. It's. A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine 4.The Changjiang River is

49、the third _ river in the world. A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest5. An elephant is than a horse.A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong6. Which do you like , tea, orange or water? A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best-、介词 一1.与形容词搭配的词组有：be afraid of 怕be angry with生某人的气be

50、 away from 不在某地be different from与不同be good at 善于be good/ bad for 对有益/有害be interested in 对感兴趣be late for 退到be/get ready for 为作好准备be sure of 对有把握be worried about为感到担忧2 .介词后常用人称代词宾格和动词-ing形式1You must take good care of her. 2Thank you for teaching us so well.3. 几组易混淆的介词A .“在.之后in + 一段时间用于一般将来时after + 一段

51、时间用于一般过去时after + 一点时间常用于一般将来时如: The baby stopped crying after half an hour.The baby will stop crying in half an hour. They will visit their teacher after Friday.B . for + 一段时间 since +过去的一点时间这两者均用于现在完成时,具体在时态局部,我会继续向同学们讲解.C. be made of 用制成"be made in "由某地制造 be made by somebody "由某人制成D

52、. in, on, at 表时间 in "在某月季节、年等" eg:in 1996, in January, in summer固定词组：in the morning, in a week,in a minute,in time, in the endon 用于指具体的某一天或专指某一天上午、下午或晚上等"eg:on Christmas Day, on the night of February 16at “用于具体时刻前和某些固定词组中固定词组： at seven, at the moment, at night, at last, at first, at n

53、oon, at times, at once, at this time of the year, at the beginning of, at the end of this month, at the same time 注意：在表时间 里,以下情况下一般不用介词.词组里有：next, last, this, that, tomorrow, yesterday, one, every,all 以及 the day before yesterday 和 the day after tomorrow 前不用介词. 如:不能说 intomorrow,只能说 tomorrow 在明天E. exc

54、ept +宾格/doing something "除之外不包括本身Everyone is at school today except Lin Tao.同义句转换 =Only Lin Tao isn't at school today.F. "用"通过交通工具 by plane用语言 in English 通过媒介 on /over the telephone, on /over the radio, on TV 用工具手段 with a pen, with one's handsG . between "在和 两者之间"bet

55、ween.and., between the two. among 在.之间三者或三者以上 eg.Sue spent over two hours her homework yesterday evening. A.on B.with C.at D.over二、连词1 .并列连词both- and既又谓语用复数动词neither nor既不也不含否认意义,就近原那么谓语动词由靠近它的那个主语来决定单复数.eitheror "或者 或者/ "不是就是/and "和连接两个并列成分,连接谓语时,两个动词时态应一致.but "但是"表转折,不能与 t

56、hough同时出现在句中.or "或者在否认句中,并列句中的列举常用or,而不用 and.Eg: I have brothers andsisters.(否)I don't have brothers or sisters.= I have no brothers and no sisters.2 .引导宾语从句的连词陈述句：that可省略 一般疑问句：if /whether "是否特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词3. 引导原因状从的有：because (能与so同时出现在句中)4. 引导时间状语从句的连词：A. when (当时候),as soon as(一就),not -

57、 until (直到才),after (在之后),引导的主从复合句,主句为一般将来时,从句那么用一般现在时来代替一般将来时.Eg: I won'tleave until he comes back.B. since (自从以来)引导的主从复合句,主句为现在完成时,从句用一般过去时.Eg：We haven't met each other since she left here last year.C. while (当时候,一边一边)它引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态.Eg: My father came in while I was doing my homework.5. 引导条件状语从句的连词：if“如果,引导条件状从,主句用一般将来时,从句那么用一般现在时.请区别于 if “是否相当于 whether,引导宾语从句,时态根据语境确定eg:1)I don't k