2020年中考英语高分策略-专题汇编3-阅读理解12-科普知识与现代科技

1、英语高级教师? 方舟 精彩分享专业 省时 高效2020/5/9第5页 / 总 10页专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技时间：810分钟/篇 分值：2分/小题Passage 1 （2019 南京 ）bubbl e cities专家 ) on spaceA new report shows what life might be like in 100 years from now. It describes skyscrapers that are much taller than today's buildings, underwater and holidays in space. The

2、 report is from a company. It asked experts( and architecture, as well as city planners, to give their ideas on the life in 2116.They said the way we live, work and play will be totally different to how we do these things today. The experts used the Internet as an example. They said that 25 years ag

3、o, people could not imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change our lives. TheInternet has completely changed the way we communicate, learn and do daily things. The experts said the changes in the next century would be even more unbelievable.Researchers questioned 2， 000 adults about the p

4、redictions( 预言 ) they thought were most likely( 很可能的) to happen in the future. They predicted that in the future, fewpeople will go to an office but will work from home and have work meetings online. People will have highly developed 3- D printers that will let you download(下载 ) a design forfurnitur

5、e or a food recipe and then prin t the sofa, table or pizza at home. There will also be less need for visits to the doctor. We will all have a home health instrument that will tell us what the problemis and give us treatment. We will also be going intospace for holidays and to get resources that we

6、have used up on Earth. A prediction that is missing is whether people will still need to study English.()1. The writer uses the example of the Internet in Paragraph 1 to show A. the Internet was often usedB. the Internet has developed fastC. people will not believe the changesD. technology will chan

7、ge people's lives()2. With the help of highly developed 3-D printers, a way to get a sofa in 2116is to A. buy one in a shopB. ask somebody to make oneC. download a design and prin toneD. design and make one by oneselfE. )3. According to the passage, the missing prediction is A. how people will w

8、orkB. where people will get resourcesC. what people will have at home to treat illnessD. whether people will still need to learn EnglishE. )4. The passage is mainly about A. the life in 2116B. holidays in spaceC. the history of the Internet D. medical treatment()5. The passage is most probably from

9、A. an advertisement B. a newspaperC. a detective story D. a health reportPassage 2 (2019 山西 )When I opened my e - mail the other day, Rachel, a pretty woman, appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking happily. Sometimes she stopped to smile at me or blow a kiss. It wa

10、s cool, right? In fact, she was reading to me an e - mail from my brother John.Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send e - mails in a funny way. By using it, youre-mails can be read to the receiverand Rachel blows a kiss.by an attractive person or by

11、 a clown. You can download the software at www.F without paying. Facemail faces are lively and they can simulate the emotions that you put in your text. For example, type in< W HANK ;nitrflctivp ”亦有或引力的： rhkwn小小丑，sinmLutvv.横椒：rmoliniin-袅情：:Psichn niHj * 国I人型邺件, ；，LifeFX, the company that develope

12、d the Facemail, is sure there are wide business uses. Why is e - business not so popular now? One of the reasons is that buying online has no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website, and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan greets you by name, serves you, and personallycloses the sale, w

13、on'tyou be happy? Also, if mom can't be home when kids get back from school, she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.It's true that Facemail makes life easy and fun, but it should be used with care.The clown looks lively and funny at

14、first. But if you choose the clown, put a few rudewords in an e-mail and add some angry emotions,()1. In fact, who is Rachel?A. She is a pretty actress. B. She is John's girlfriend.C. She is not a real person.()2. What is the main advantage of Facemail?A. You don't need to pay for it.B. E -

15、mail can be attractive in a more lovely way.C. You can ask a beautiful woman to read the eyou've got a Psycho mail.( A.()3. What does the underlined expression-mail to you.“closes the sale probably mean?停止营业B.达成交易C.取消折扣)4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You shouldn

16、9;t choose a clown.B. Facemail can be widely used in business.C. Mom can show her kids how to cook by Facemail.()5. What is the writer's attitude(态度)towards Facemail?A. He thinks it's a danger to the Internet.B. He thinks it needs further improvement.C. He thinks it's a cool and funny te

17、chnology.Passage 3 (2019 重庆 B 卷)Many homes have cameras to protect them from danger. The cameras can tell the owners if someone has entered. But the cameras do not know whether the person is a family member, a friend, a postman or a criminal（罪犯 ） But a new camera made by a French company can recogni

18、ze（ 辨别出 ） faces. It can tell parents at work that their children have returned from school, or that the mail has been sent to their home. It can also tell them if a stranger has entered their home. When family members enter a home, the smart camera “ recognizes” them and sends information to the own

19、er's phone. The owner can choose to see the video then or later. But if an unknown person enters a home, the camera will send a warning sound on the owner's phone.This is what happened recently to a smart home camera owner named Damien. He lives in Paris.“ On a Friday I was at work, having a

20、 big monthly meeting when my phone moved. At first I told myself Oh, it must be a wrong warn ， but my phone was telling me there was a face that the camera did not recognize. Something was happening in myhouse! ”“ I saw a person I did not know with his shoes on, which is not allowed in my apartment（

21、 公寓 ）. I watched it on the video. I felt quite surprised. I hurried back home as fast as possible and called the police on the way. Thanks to the smart camera, the criminal was caught soon ， ” said Damien.（）1. The new smart camera is different from the ones in many homes because itcan.A. protect the

22、 ownerB. help a school childC. recognize faces D. call the police（）2. In Damien's apartment, people can't A. wear shoes B. watch videosC. have cameras D. send mails（）3. If we put the passage into three parts, which of the following is the best?（=Para.（自然段）1=Para.2 二 Para.3二 Para.4 二 Para.5）A

23、.；B.；C.；D.；（）4. The best title of the passage may be“ ” A. Catching Criminals in a Better WayB. Strange Video FacesC. Warning Sound on the PhoneD. Smart Home CamerasPassage 4 （2019 德州）Hover Camera （无人相机）一夜Wang Mengqiu, the inventor of Hover Camera, was born in Hangzhou in 1982. He once studied at St

24、anford University in the United States. He became famous overnight( 成名)because of the invention.自拍杆)! Compared to other cameras, Hover Camera has many-air, track your face and even follow you to make sureForget selfie sticks( advantages.*It can fly and stay in mid it gets the perfect picture.*It can

25、 be controlled by using a smartphone(It records movements with a 13MP camera and takes 4K video.It is the best choice for weddings, sports games and holidays.Mr. Wang also said,“The main design consideration is easy and safe to take forthe users. It's very light and small. It can be folded(折叠)in

26、 two, so it can be easily put into a bag. When the power is low, it can land on the ground safely on its own.”It's reported that the company has raised $25 million to produce it. As it is still being tested(测试),Hover Camera can be bought later this year.The price has not yet been decided. But a

27、spokesman says the company hopes to sellit for less than $600.()1. Hover Camera canA. swim in the water B. fly in the mid- airC. change its weight D. be used as a phone(A. pull()2. The underlined wordB. followtrack“ meansC. pushD.show)3. According to the passage, why is Hover Camera easy and safe to

28、 take?A. It's light and small.B. It can be folded in three.C. It doesn't need power.D. Only a smartphone can make it land.()4. Which is not mentioned in the passage?A. How can we control Hover Camera?B. When can we buy Hover Camera?C. How much is Hover Camera?D. How popular will Hover Camera

29、 be?young man.()5. According to the passage, Wang Mengqiu is aA. brave B. quiet C. creative D. humorousPassage 5 (2019 威海)The Building That Moves英语高级教师？方舟精彩分享专业省时高效2020/5/9Everyone knows that buildings don't move. They can't change the way they look. However, architect( 建筑师)David Fisher want

30、s to change that.Fisher has an amazing idea. He wants to make 80-story buildings that change shape. Each floor will move around slowly. The floors willmoveat different speeds. Because of this, the shape of the building is always changing. "These buildings will never look the samesays Fisher.His

31、 idea is an interesting one. However, Fisher doesn't stop there. He also wantsthe building to be “green'The building will make its own energy. In most buildings, only the top floor has a roof(屋顶).In Fisher's building, each floor will have its own roof. The roofs each have solar panels( 太

32、阳能板 ).This means a lot more solar energy.Also, machines between each floor of the building will catch the wind. They will turn the wind into energy.Fisher'sideassoundimpossible.However,that's what_people also said before humans traveled into space!()1. The passage is mainly talking aboutA. b

33、uildings for the futureB. the life of an architectC. how green buildings work()2. The underlined word " 80-story " means the building has 80A. shapes B. floorsC. different speedsD. )3. Fisher's building can make its own energy because the buildingA. is tall and always movingB. is tall

34、and has many solar panelsC. is always moving and has many solar panelsD. )4. The Fisher's building willNOTget energy fromA. the sunB. the waterC. the windE. )5. Why does the writer saythat's what people also said before humans_traveled_into_space” ?A. To show why Fisher's building will n

35、ever work.B. To show why Fisher's building is like a spaceship.C. To show that unusual ideas can sometimes work.Passage 6 (2019 福州)Pollution inside homes and other buildings kills more than 4 million people each year. Many people die as a result of breathing smoke or from cooking over wood- powe

36、redor coal - powered stoves.One way to reduce the number of deaths is through cooking equipment powered by the sun. Crosby Menzies, a solar power expert in a South African company, described his latest solar cooker called the ”Sol - 4 " ."It is four square meters of mirrors, six to eight m

37、eters inlength. It is quite a large cooker.”The “Sol- 4" works by reflecting(反射)light from the sun off large mirrors. Themirrors direct ( 把对准 )the light at a cooking pan. Then the light heats the panwith solar energy. Within two minutes, the pan is hot enough to cook sausages and onions. In jus

38、t four minutes, water can be boiled. That is as fast as cooking with natural gas or electricity.The cooker is also much a friendlier" than other models because people do not have to stand in the sun to use it. And people can prepare meals without having to collect firewood or spend money on coa

39、l. Such individuals would be less likely to have breathing illnesses from harmful smoke.At present, the cooker only works when the sun is shining.But engineers are working on a way to make it work without sunlight.Each cooker costs about $2, 000, which is a large amount of money for most Africans.To

40、 solve that problem, Crosby Menzies has created a non- govermental organization calledSolar Cookers for Africa. It plans to raise moneythrough donations to provide poor people with solar cooking equipment.()1. This passage is mainly aboutA. solar cookers B. smoke pollutionC. solar power experts D. b

41、reathing illnesses()2. The “Sol- 4 " is mainly used toA. shorten the time of cooking B. reduce the cost of making cookersC. raise money through donations to help African peopleD. reduce the number of deaths caused by harmful smoke()3. The underlined word“individuals" most probably means &q

42、uot;.A. cookers B. mirrors C. people D. experts()4. Which of the follow ing about the "Sol- 4 " is TRUE?A. It is six to eight square meters of mirrors.B. It can work in any weather condition now.C. It can also heat the pan by lighting firewood.D. It is more environment - friendly than othe

43、r cookers.()5. From the passage, we can infer thatA. the "Sol- 4" will be designed in a smaller sizeB. more Africans can use the solar cookers in the futureC. the "Sol- 4 " is the first product of the South African companyD. the African government will provide poor people with so

44、lar cookersPassage 7 (2019 广州)Getting electricity has always been a problem for the 173 people living in NuevoSaposoa, a small village in Peru, South America. However, things went from bad to worse in March 2015 after heavy rains damagedthe only power cables in the area. The villagers were forced to

45、 use oil lamps, which are not only expensive but also dangerous because第9页/总10页英语高级教师? 方舟 精彩分享专业 省时 高效2020/5/9of the harmful gases they produce.Luckily ， researchers at the University of Technology (UT) in Lima, Peru heard about their problem and found a wonderful solution. They made a lamp that can

46、 be powered by plants and soil, both of which can be easily found in the Amazonian rainforest where the village lies. The lamp takes energy from a plant growing in a wooden box and uses it to light up an LED light bulb.While that may sound amazing and even impossible, the science behind the idea is

47、quite simple. As plants create their food(using the sun's energy, water and chemicals from the soil), they also produce waste which they return to the soil. Tiny animals in the soil eat this waste and they produce electrons the building blocks of electrical energy. The UT team put special sticks

48、 inside the soil to capture the energy and keep it in the lamp's batteries for later use. The researcherssay a single charge can powera 50- watt LEDlight for two hours enough time for local villagers to get their evening work done.The university gave ten Plant Lamps to the villagers of Nuevo Sap

49、osoa in October2015. So far, they have been a huge success! Elmer Ramirez, the UT professor who invented the lamp believes the Plant Lamp could help improve the lives of many people, especially small rainforest communities, 42% of whom have no electricity.()1. What are the problems of oil lamps acco

50、rding to Paragraph 1?A. They are difficult to use and create pollution.B. They are expensive to buy and easily damaged.C. They are difficult to repair and produce little light.D. They are expensive to use and can be bad for health.()2. The electricity made by the Plant Lamp comes from A. plant food

51、B. plant wasteC. the soil's heat D. the sun's energy()3. What is true about the Plant Lamp?A. It can be made by local people.B. It is much easier to use than oil lamps.C. It can produce all the electricity the village needs.D. The things it needs to make electricity are easy to find.()4. The

52、 Plant Lamp's inventor believes it could be most helpful forA. rainforest communities B. carsC. poor people in cities D. farmers()5. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To report on a new invention. B. To explain a new scientific theory.C. To describe how electricity is made.D. To discuss the

53、problems of poor villages.专项训练十二科普知识与现代科技Passage 1 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了100 年后的生活。1. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者在第一段使用网络的例子来表明。由第一段中“Theysaid that 25 years ago, people could not imagine how the Internet and smartphones would change ourlives. 可知 ” ， 人们不敢想象科学技术能改变人们的生活。故选D。2. C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在高速发展的3D打印机的帮助下，在2116

54、年得到一个沙发的方式是。由第二段第三句“People will have highly developed3-D printers that willlet you download（ 下载 ） a design for furniture or a food recipe and then prin t the sofa, table or pizza at home. ”可知，人们下载一个设计，然后用高速发展的 3D打印机打印出来。故选C。3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，消失的预言是。由文章第二段最后一句“Aprediction that is missing is w

55、hether peop le will still need to study English. 可知 ， 一个消失的预言是 ” 人们是否仍需要学习英语。故选D。4. A【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要是关于。由文章第一句话"A new report showswhat life might be like in 100 years from now. 可知 ， 文章主要讲述了 ”100 年后的生活。故选A。 5.B【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章很可能来自。文章主要讲述了100年后的生活。所以这篇文章很可能来自报纸。故选B。Passage 2【主旨大意】本文是一篇说

56、明文。介绍了一种叫做Facemail 的新科技产品， 能以一种颇为迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者读邮件。1. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：事实上，谁是Rachel?根据文章第一段"In fact, she was reading to me an e - mail from my brother John. ”和第二段 “ Rachel could be there because of a new technology called Facemail. 可知 ” Rachel 能够读来自弟弟的邮件， 她之所以能出现， 是由于一种新科技。所以Rachel 不是真人

57、。故选C。2. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Facemail的主要优势是什么？根据第二段“Facemail letsyou send e-mails in a funny way. By using it,your e - mails can be read to the receiverby an attractive person or by a clown. ”可知 ， 用这种 Facemail 发送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化， 并带有发送者所赋的表情， 这样就使阅读邮件的过程变得很有趣， 令人感觉很舒适，从而具有吸引力。故选B。3. B【解析】短语猜测题。题干意为：划线短语 “c

58、loses the sale意思可能是什么？文章第三段讲了 Facemail 在商务上的应用， 通过“现在的电子商务不是那么受欢迎”与假设的情境“迈克尔乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你，你会很高兴”之间的对照，可以推断出closes thesale 意为“达成交易”。故选B。4. B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章以下哪项是正确的？根据第三段中关于电子商务 的介绍可知作者提出了一种假设：假如你进入耐克公司的网站，看到迈克尔乔丹喊着你的名字与你打招呼、接待你并亲自与你进行交易， 你不会很高兴吗？可断定B 项正确。故选B。5. C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对 Facemail是什么态度？通过对文章的理解，我们可知作者对Facemail 是持肯定和赞赏态度的， 从第一段中“It was cool,