外研版小学升初中英语语法总复习

1、小学英语语法总复习、时态1. 一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情，通常用“usually1常，often常常,every 每，sometime甫日always总是，等词。(2)基本结构:They肯定句/ You / We /e / She / It否定句(Yes/No)特殊疑问句动词原形don' t +动原Do? Yes, I do.What do ？动词第三人称单数形式doesn' t 域原Does(动词原形)？No,shedoesn ' t.How does she动词原形)？1一般情况+s如：walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾去 y +iesfly-f

2、lies3.结尾是s, x, sh, ch+eswatch-watches4.特殊的do-does ,have-has, go-goes(3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)2.现在进行时,(1)表示正在发生的动作，通常用“now®在，look看，linsen听”.(2)基本形式：be +动词ingeg: I am(not) doing my homework.iYou/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.What are you doing?Is he reading?(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+

3、ing)一般情况+ingwalkwalking结尾是不发音的e-e + ingcomecoming重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingrun-runningswim-swimming3. 一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情，通常用“last上一个，just now刚才，a moment ago 刚才， yesterday 昨天”等词。(2) be 动词的过去式:am/iswas are-were(3)过去式基本结构肯定句(Positive)动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句(Negative)Didn' t动词原形I didn ' t go

4、 shopping last ni一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did动词原形？Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did + 动 词 原 What did you do last night?形？(4)词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:一动词+edplanted,watered,climbed以不发音的e结尾+dliked辅音字母加y结尾-y+ iedstudystudied, cry- cried重读闭音节单词，末尾只有一双写最后stop -stopped个辅音字母一个字母plan - planned+ed不规则动词的变化:原形过去式原形过

5、去式原形过去式原形过去式sweepsweptteachtaughthavehadgowentkeepkeptthinkthoughtdodidfindfoundsleepsleptbuyboughteatatesaysaidfeelfeltdrinkdrankis/amwastaketookreadreadgivegaveareweremeanmeantputputsingsangdrivedrovemeetmetcutcutbeginbeganspeakspokemakemadeletletringrangwritewroteseesawflyflewrunranriderodecomeca

6、medrawdrewsitsathearheardtelltoldlearned/growgrewlearnlearntgetgotknowknew4. 一般将来时9般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情常常与tomorrow,next Sunday等时间状语连用。结构：be going to动词原形或 will +动词原形 例如：I ' m going to visit my grandpa next week.二、人称代词印Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem形容词性物主代词myouryourherItheir名词性物主代词mineour

7、syourshishersitstheris（注：介词，动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。）三、可数名词的复数形式1 .一般名词：+ s a book -books2 .辅音字母力口 y 结尾： -y+ ies a story-stories3 .以 s, x, sh, ch , 结尾：+ es a glass-glasses; a watch-watches4 .以 f 或 fe 结尾：-f 或 fe 变为 ves a knife -knives a shelf-shelves5 .特殊的名词复数man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,p

8、olicewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread, rice, water, juice, milk, tea, coffee 五、缩略形式I ' m = I am you ' re = you are she ' s = she is he ' s = he is /he has(got) it '

9、 =sit is who' s=who is can' =can not isn ' t=not didn ' t=didot weren ' t=were not wasn ' t=was not let ' s=let us I ' ll=I will 六、a. an .the的用法1 .单词的第一读音是辅音读音：a book, a peach, a " U 单词的第一个读音是元音读音：an egg, an hour, an "F”2 .the要注意的：球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面 要

10、加the。七、介词1 .表示方位： on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind., under2 .表水时间：(1)at:几点前面用at如：at six o ' clocks day的节日前用at如：at Christmas,固定词组 at the weekends , at night(2) on:星期前用on如：on Monday ,日期前用on如：on the 15thof July 带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如：on National Day(3) in:早晨，中午，晚上前用 in： in

11、 the morning , in the afternoon , in the evening ,月 份前用 in ,如in December , 季节前用in ,如winter八、基数词变成序数词的方法1.直接在基数词词尾加上th。如：seventh第七，tenth第十，thirteenth 第十三，2.以y结尾的基数词，变y为i,再加上eth。如：twentieth 第二十。3 .不规则的。如：first第一，second第二，third第三，fifth第五， eighth 第八，ninth 第九，twelfth 第十二。4 .有两个或以上单词组成的基数词只改最后一个单词如twenty-

12、first第二十一。九、some /any的用法1 .肯定句中用 some： I have some toys in my bedroom.2 .问句和否定句中用 ang： Do you have any brothers or sisters?He hasn ' t got any pencils in his peoase.3 .询问想要什么时用 some： Would you like some juice?Can I have some stamps?十、 there be 结构1 .肯定句（有 ）：There is弹数或不可数名词There are +数注：遵循就近原则，看靠

13、there be最近的2 .一般疑问句（有吗？）:Is there ？ Yes, there is./ No, there isn Are there ？ Yes, there are. /No, there aren' t.3 .否定句（没有）：There isn ' t .There aren ' t .4 .there be句型与have（has）的区别：there be表示在某地有某物（或人）；have（has）表示某人拥有某物。H一、祈使句Sit down pleaseDon' t sit down, plese.Let ' s go to t

14、he park.（注：祈使句中动词用原形）十二、（情态）动词can, may, must, should, will后面直接用动词原形。1. I / He / She / They can sing. May I come in? I must go now.2. You should be quiet in the library.3. You ' ll be good friends.十三、形容词和副词的比较级一、形容词的比较级1、两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用 more, a little来修饰表示程度。2 .形容词加er的规则：一般

15、在词尾加er ;以字母e结尾，力口 r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加er ;以辅音字母+y”结尾，先把y变i,再加er。3 .不规则形容词比较级：good-better, beautiful-more beautiful二、副词的比较级1 .形容词与副词的区别（有be用形，有形用be;有动用副，有副用动）在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后2 .副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同（不规则变化：well-better, far-farther）十四、特殊疑问句What（问什么事，什么物或什么工作）What a

16、re you doing?I ' m reading.What is that?It ' s a book.W hat is she?（What' sherob?）She' s a nurse.What colour（问颜色）What colour is your coat?It ' s red.What time （时间）What time is it?What' s the time?It ' s seven.when（什么时候）When do you get up?I get up at six thirty.When is you

17、r birthday?It ' on the 21st ofDecember.Which （哪一个）Which is your watch, the The yellow is mine.yellow one or the white one?Who （谁）Who is the man with a big nose?He' s my uncle.Whose （谁的）Whose bag is it?Whose is this bag?It ' s his bag.Where （哪里）Where is my ball pen?It ' s under the book.Why （为什么）Why do you like summer?I like summer becauseHow m