北师大版高中英语必修二第9讲：Unit6Design-语法篇(教师版)

1、第1页Unit 6 Design语法篇1、介词的种类及常用介词。2、常见介词短语及易混淆介词的用法辨析。介词和介词短语介词 (preposition) 又叫前置词，通常至于名词之前。它是一种虚词，不需要重读，在句中不单独作任 何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词的用法比较灵活，搭配比较复杂。近几年高考常考介词的词义辨析，介词与名词的搭配，介词 与动词的搭配及习惯表达中的介词。一，介词的种类英语中最常用的介词可分为以下几类：1.简单介词。如：through, towards, at, in, of, by, about, for, from, except,

2、since, near, with, above, across, after, against, among,around 等。2.复合介词。如：within, inside, outside, onto, into, throughout, without, as to 等。3.介词短语。如：in front of, by means of, on behalf of, in spite of, by way of, in favor of, in regard to, according to, becauseof, on account of 等。4.双重介词。如：from among

3、, from inside, from behind, from under, till after 等。5.由分词变来的介词。如：including, considering, concerning, following 等。第2页，常用介词1.at1主要表示方向，场所，时间的某一点。如： at the corner of the street, at dinner, at six miles an hour, point at 等。2表示动作，感情的原因，意思是“因而；一听到（看到，想到）就”At the boy s remark, the bookseller looked at him

4、 curiously. 听到男孩的话，卖书人好奇的看着他。3固定搭配： at daybreak, at one time, at the beginning of, at the post office, at the airport, at dawn, at theweekend, at the age of, at the same time, at birth, at present, at any time, at a time 等。2.on1表示在上面，根据，有关或涉及的方面，某天。on the day, on Sunday, on your birthday 等。一般带有宗教色彩的

5、节日名词前面用at， 如圣诞节 at Christmas, 复活节 at Easter 等。2on+名词，动名词结构可表示“一就”。On arriving home, I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。3固定搭配： on doing sth., on the afternoon of October 1, on Tuesday evening, on foot, hit sb. on the head, onthe left/right 等。3.to1主要表示方向，程度，结果，关系和位置。a move to the left, from fi

6、rst to last 等。2与情感名词连用，表示“某种行动后产生的感觉”。to onessurprise/joy/astonishment/delight/annoyance/shame 等。3固定搭配：key to ,come up to, add up to, be open to, to the point, thanks to, suit to,refer to, dance to, object to第3页4.with1和，带有。 with their family, a man with a suitcase.2表示方式，伴随，原因等。 with time pass ing, w

7、ith her eyes closed, with fear3固定搭配： with your nose in the air, with pride 等。5.by1表示时间，程度，数量，方式等。by ten o clock, by three inches, by ship, by the pound2表示“按照 ”或“根据”的意思。By my watch, the time is half past eleven. 按我的表，现在是十一点半。3固定搭配： by oneself, by chance, by hand, by then 等。6.of1表示部分与全体的关系，所有关系，来源和所用的

8、材料。a friend of mine, a wall of stone2与抽象名词连用， 表示的意义相当于对应的形容词。 of + great/much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词；of + no + 扌由象名词 =not+形容词。a great of, of no use 等。It is of great/much value. = It is very valuable.3固定搭配： rob sb. of sth., be fond of, make fun of 等。三，介词短语1.介词短语的构成1介词 +名词 /代词，如：The headmaster lives near

9、 the school. 校长住在学校附近。2介词 +动名词短语或其复合结构，如：He is interested in swimming. 他对游泳感兴趣。3介词 +从句，如：第4页We are discussing about how to study English well. 我们在讨论怎样学好英语。2.介词短语在句中的成分 作主语 /表语 /宾语，如：The dog came out from behind the tree. 狗从树后出来。作定语 /补语 /状语，如：She is a woman of strong character. 她是位性格坚强的女人。四，易混介词的用法辨析

10、1.on, at 与 in 的区别三个介词如果指时间概念，on 可以用在具体的某一天的前面，at 用在具体的时刻前面，in 用在时间段的前面。2.besides 与 except 的区别besides 表示除外（还有）” except 表示（只有）除外；except for 除了”表示排除的部分 与前面内容是不同类别的。except that 后跟从句。1We enjoyed the party for the loud music.除了音乐嘈杂了点，我们在聚会上玩的很开心。2There are three more visitors besides me. 除了我之外，还有三位游客。3.in

11、, to 与 on 的区别表示在某范围之内用 in，表示在某范围之外用to，表示相邻，接壤时用on.4.across, through, past, over 与 along 的区别across 指从一个平面上横穿或在对面”。through 指从人群或物体内部穿过，或抽象意义上的通过。past 表示从旁边经过。over 指从物体的上方“横越”或“跨越” 。along 表示“沿着”线，道路，小道等前行。5.for 与 of 表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. = Sb. + be + adj. + to do sth.当形容词说明不定式

12、逻辑主语的性质，特征时，用 of。常见的形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid,第4页第6页foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel 等。It s kind of the teachers to help support the poor students. 资助那些贫困生的老师们真善良。 It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.当形容词说明不定式的性质时， 用 for 。常见的形容词有： important, necessary, possible, impossible 等。It

13、 is quite important for us to protect our environment. 对我们来说，保护环境很重要。6， about, on, of 关于on 多用于慎重的，正式的语言交际场合。常见于学术上的“论文”或“演说”等题目。about 表示内容多为普遍的，不那么正式的。of 作“关于”讲，表示提及，涉及某人（事） ，常与动词 know, hear, learn, speak, talk, think, tell 等连 用。五，常见介词短语1.according to 根据，按照2.as a result of 由于，作为 的结果3.as far as 就 而论4

14、.at the mercy of 任由 摆布5.at the sight of 看到6.by means of 用，依靠，借助于7.by way of 途径8.because of 因为，由于9.due to 由于10. in addition to 除了 之外（还）11. in case of 如果，假设12. in celebration of 为庆祝13. in need of 需要第7页14. in search of 寻求，试图发现15. in place of 代替16. in charge of 主管，掌管17. in spite of 尽管18. in time of 在时刻1

15、9. in a state of 处于状况中20. in favor of 赞同21. in honor of 向 表示敬意22. instead of 代替23. in memory of 为纪念 24. in relation to 关于，涉及25. on account of 因为，由于26. owing to 因为27. thanks to 多亏28. under the name of 以 的名义29. under the control of 在 的支配下30. within the reach of 在 力所能及的范围内例 1. It was a real race _ time

16、 to get project done. Luckily, we made it.A.overB.byC.forD.against解析：句意：完成这项工程真的是与时间在赛跑。幸运的是，我们成功了。本题考查介词辨析。在上面；by 被，由，经由；for 支持，赞成；against 反对，违背。答案： D 。over第8页例 2. I have an appointment _ Dr. Smith, but I need to change it.A. toB. offC. withD. from解析： 句意：我和 Smith 博士有一个约会， 但是我需要改一下。 have an appointm

17、ent with sb. 与某人有 一个约会。答案： C。例 3. You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be _ life.A. ofB. onC. toD. for解析：句意：你可以换工作，可以搬家，但友谊却是受益终生的。考查介词辨析。 for life 意为“医 生，终生”。其余三项却不符合语境。答案： D 。例 4. Nothing is so easy as _ parent to raise their exception of their children too high.

18、A. ofB. toC. byD. for解析：句意：父母很容易对自己的孩子产生很高的期望值。 for 表示“对于”，和句型 It is + 形容词+ for sb. to do中的介词 for 用法相同。答案： D 。例 5.（ 2019 北京朝阳高三二模） It was cold outside but the door wouldn t stay shut, so I put a chair _it.第9页A. againstB. aboveC. behindD. near解析：句意：外面很冷，但是门关不住，所以我用椅子抵住了门。against 意为“依，靠”，符合语境，即可推断出正确答

19、案。答案： A 。基础演练一，介词填空。1. He asked me whether the story was based _ a real person.2. The Beckhams travelled _ China last year.3. These modern cars are used all _ the world.4. Where are good potatoes grown? Good potatoes are grown _ North China.5. What s this bottle made _? It s made _ China, China star

20、ted to be made in China.6. We are busy preparing _ the exam.7. A new bridge was built _ the river.8. He came into the classroom _ a book _ his hand.9. There is a lamp _ the desk.10. Autumn is the best season _ the tear in Beijing.Keys：第10页，单句改错。1.The river flows across London.2.She lives to her pare

21、nts.3.I sat down in John and Diana.4.Taiwan is on the east of Fujian.5.My father began to work for a bus driver when he was twenty years old.Keys：5. for-as1.My brother often thought of his friends who had helped him _(on/since/through) the tough1. on2. in3. around4. in5. of, of6. for7. over8. with,

22、in9. on10. of巩固提高， 1. across-through2. to-with3. in-between4. on-to第11页time._(As/Since/With) sales of cars up by 30 last year, the traffic in Beijing has becomeincreasingly terrible.3. Im going to have lunch. Do you mind talking about your plan _(after/before/over)lunch? Not at all, I ll wait here i

23、n the office.4.She often smokes with no thought _ (for/to/at) other people around her.5.She looked _(for/at/in) her handbag, but her keys were not here.6.One doesnt have to look far to realize the direct connection _ (with/to/between) smokingand cancer.7.John became a football coach in Sealion Middl

24、e School _(on/with/at) the beginning of8.The Smiths are praised _ (from/by/at/for) the way they bring up their children.9.The Boston Marathon bombings killed 3 people, including a Chinese citizen _ (in, from,across, to) Shenyang.March.二，用 in, on, at 填空。1.He got married _ the age of 25.2.He left here

25、 _ the afternoon on May 5.3.We watch TV _ the evening.三，用 across, over, through 填空。1.过马路时要左右看。Look k left and right before you go _ the street.2.他穿过大厅。He passed _ the hall.3.她翻过墙去。She climbed _ the wall.2.Keys:一， 1. through2. With3. after4. for 5. in6. between7. at8. for9. from二， 1. at2. on3. in三， 1

26、. across2. through3. over一，单项选择。1. Bruce had failed twice, but on _ second thought, he determined to try _ third time.A./,aB. /,/C. the, /D. the, a2.Tom stepped inside the door with his eyes _ upon Kate; there was _ in his eyes that she couldnot read and his hands _ .A. fixed, an expression, tremble

27、dB.fixed, expression, tremblingC.fixing, an expression, tremblingD.fixing, expression, trembled3.He will come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It s just a matter of _A. luckB. valueC. timeD. fact4.An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are _ it.A

28、. against B. for C. to D. with5.He forbade his children from eating sweets because he didn t want their teeth to _6.The _ of this new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.A. ruinB. be ruined C. breakD. be brokenA. titleB. purposeC. system第11页D. feature第13页7.Sorry, I don t

29、 understand what you said just now. Can you explain _ ?8.The lecture, _ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.A. startingB. being startedC. to startD. to be started9.During his lifetime, he developed the tradition of _ poetry _ painting.A. connecting, toB.

30、 relating, toC. combining, withD. putting, in10. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tired _ alone, but she didnt like it and movedback home.A. livingB. to liveC. to be living D. having lived11. What the teacher said _ his illusion pared with 7.4 last year. James Miller? There is no o

31、ne here _ that name.A. byB. ofC. with D. in二，写作。假设你是新华中学的学生李华，不久前在学校举办的英语竞赛中获得一等奖。校报请你写一篇 稿件刊登在英文版面上，介绍你课外学习英语的经验。请根据以下提示用英语写一篇短文：1. 参加英语角的益处A. in particular B. in detailC. in returnD. in generalA. damagedB. destroyedC. ruinedD. broke12. （北京西城高三第一学期期末）There are 12 lamps hangingthe ceiling in the restaurant.A. onB. inC. fromD. around13. （北京东城高三第一学期期末）Most online classes let students learntheir own pace.A. at B. toC.