water and noise pollution ppt 水污染和噪音污染_图文

1、 DEFINITION OF POLLUTIONWhen HarmfulSubstances Contaminatethe Environment it isCalled Pollution.Pollution refers to thevery bad condition ofenvironment in terms ofquantity and quality .Definition of Water PollutionThe Contamination of water with undesirable substances which make it unfit for usage i

2、s termed water Pollution.Water pollution is any chemical, physical or biological change in the quality of water that has a harmful effect on any living being that drinks or uses or lives (in it.Water Pollutionorganic and inorganicindustrial wastes and affluent discharged into rivers.Litter from land

3、 is carried by wind or rivers to oceans and beachesLeakage of oil in sea water Causes of Water PollutionThere are lots of causes of water pollution, the major ones are:Sewage wastes and fertilizer going into dams, streams, rivers and the ocean.some pesticides (e.g., DDT, dieldrinsome leached compone

4、nts from landfillsites (municipal, industrialpetroleum and petroleum productsPCBs, dioxins, polyaromatichydrocarbons (PAHsradioactive materials such asstrontium-90, cesium-137, radium-226,and uraniummetals such as lead, mercury, cadmium warm water from cooling towers (thermal pollution floating debr

5、isgarbagefoamSources of Water pollution Water PollutionThe Worlds water pollution crisis is getting worse every year. Water is the most important thing on earth, if water pollution keeps up the way it is then it will get far more worse then what it is right now. Industrial Water pollution Industries

6、 discharge a variety of pollutants in their wastewater including heavy metals , resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids.The facilities to treat waste water are not adequate in any city in India. Effects of Water PollutionAquatic life gets destroyedDiseases caused by the ingestiono

7、f water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites include:choleratyphoidschistosomiasisdysentery and other diarrhealdiseasesWith billions of people on earth it is very hardfor there not to be any water pollution. Thepopulation is increasing every day sotherefore if we want to stop

8、 water pollutionwe need to start now before its to late.We need to stop releasing deadly toxins into thewater and we have to find other places to putour sewage into. We also need water treatmentplants to recycle all the water so there will beless risk of disease, and there wouldnt be somuch sewage.O

9、ver 1 billion people lack access to safe water supplies, while 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation. This has led to widespread microbial contamination of drinking water.Water-associated infectious diseases claim up to 3.2 million lives each year, approximately 6% of all deaths globally.Remed

10、ial measures Locate the point sources of pollution. Work against acid rain.Educate your community.Ensure sustainable sewage treatment. Watch out for toxins.Be careful what you throw away. Use water efficiently.Prevent pollution .Think globally, act locally.How to Avoid Water Pollution Rivers should

11、not be used for washing clothes or bathing animals in.Harvesting of Rainwater to meet water requirements.Dams &embankments must be created.The rivers must not be contaminated.In sacred river like Ganga the dead bodies shouldnt thrown. The word noise comes from the Latin wordNausea meaning “ seas

12、ickness “Or from a derivative of Latin word noxia or noceo = “ I do harm “ referring originallyTo nuisance noise Noise can be simply defined as unwanted sound.The sound is pleasant or not depends upon its loudness,duration,rhythm and the mood of the person.Noise pollution not only results in irritat

13、ion and anger.Noise Pollution, adverse effects of noise in our living and working environment.Noise is, by definition, unwanted sound. It may be annoying,interfere with speech communication,leisure, or relaxation,at very high levels which may occur at work or during certain noisy leisure activities,

14、 it may result in hearing loss by causing damage to the hair-cells in the cochlea in the inner ear. Noise is more often a major problem in terms of quality of human life in specific localities.Road Traffic NOISE IN THE COMMUNITYAircraft Construction Social NoiseRailwaysA common form of noise polluti

15、on is from Transportation, principally motor vehicles SOURCES OF NOISEOutdoor sourcesTraffic (road, rail and airGenerator sets Industries Fire-crackersLoudspeakers and Public Address Systems Construction Activities Vehicle hornsIndoor sourcesAir coolers Air conditioners Television, music systemsOthe

16、r office & home appliances etc.INDUSTRIESProblem is faced mainlyin mixed zones or where other use zones are very near to theindustrial zone. in addition, noise is of concern within the industries also.TRAFFIC NOISERoad Traffic:Major concern in our country.Increasing vehicle populationPlanners la

17、ck of concern at the time of planning for residential areas and other use zones vis-à-vis roadsLack of driving disciplineIndiscriminate use of horns.Air Traffic :Air traffic is increasing at the rate of about 25% in our country and is expected to cause major concern of noise pollution in coming

18、 years.Rail Traffic:Is of concern where trains passes by residential and other sensitive areas.LOUD SPEAKERS / PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMSUse of loud speakers / public address systems in functions, meetings, religious places in open areas is a source of serious nuisance.FIRECRACKERSUse of firecrackers wi

19、th high noise level may harm the human hearing system. specially sensitive are small children.CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIESNoise from construction of roads, buildings etc. near residential and silence zones needs to be controlled by effective starategies.Understanding noise levels.Noise is measured as a s

20、ound level , in dB = 1/10 of a belNamed after Alexander Graham Bell Threshold of hearing is 0 dB Sound of rocket launching is 180dBHuman ear tolerates up to 120dBNoise Levels Sound intensities are measured in decibels (dB. For example, the intensity at the threshold of hearing is 0 dB, the intensity

21、 of whispering is typically about 10 dB, and the intensity of rustling leaves reaches almost 20 dB. Sound intensities are arranged on a logarithmic scale, which means that an increase of 10 dB corresponds to an increase in intensity by a factor of 10. Thus, rustling leaves are about 10 times louder

22、than whispering. Why Noise is DangerousFor most people:A life times continuous exposure to 70dB:No hearing impairmentMore than 8 hrs/day in excess of 85dB: Potentially hazardous (likely to induce permanent hearing loss after several years8 hrs/day 90dB: Hearing temporarily impairedLevels above 90dB:

23、 Frequent exposure is potentially hazardousProlonged exposure to high decibel levels can lead to:Impairment of hearingNervous and sleep disordersWork disruptionIncreases blood pressureNegative cardiovascular effectsIncreases breathing rateIndigestion & stomach ulcersEffects of Noise PollutionHea

24、ring LossHigh Blood PressureStressSleep DisturbanceColour BlindnessAt very high levels which may occur at work or during certain noisy leisure activities, it may result in hearing loss by causing damage to the hair-cells in the cochlea in the inner ear.Rather than leading to significant adverse phys

25、iological responses.How to Avoid Noise Pollution The Government should ensure the newmachines that Should be noise proof.Air ports must be away from residential area.The Sound horn symbol is to be in School Roads.Prevention of Noise PollutionPleasant HomeBhagavan Baba says “Silence is God”.We need t

26、o talk sweetly to others.Talk Less Work More.Sound affects our ears so loud noise should be avoided. LEGISLATIONS ON NOISE CONTROL IN INDIARULES & LAWS1.Environmental (Protection Act, 19862.Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution Act, 19813.Factories Act, 19484.Motor Vehicles Act, 19885.India

27、n Penal Code Sections 268, 290 & 2916.Criminal Procedure Code Section 1337.Law of Torts8.Local Acts/Rules regulating loud speakers etc.2 (cAuthority -includes District Magistrate, Police Commissioner, or any other officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police 3IWritten permission

28、 required from authority iiNot to be used between 10:00 pm 6:00 am iiiUse permitted between 10.00 pm to 12.00 midnight for 15 days during cultural or religious festivals in a calendar year7.Public complaint IIf noise level exceeds the ambient noise standards by 10dB(A,complaint to the authorityiiAut

29、hority to take action 8.Power to prohibit by Prescribed authorityNOISE POLLUTION (REGULATION & CONTROL RULES, 2000(Notified under EPA, 1986AIR (PREVENTION & CONTROL OF POLLUTION ACT, 1981Noise was included in the definition of air pollutant in the Air(Prevention&Control of PollutionAct b

30、y an amendmentin1987.Ambient noise standards have been notified underAir Act,in1990.This Act covers noise from industries/trade.Implementing agency-SPCBsMOTOR VEHICLES ACT, 1988.Sections119and120of the Central Motor Vehicle Rules,1989,deals with reduction of noise from motor vehicle.Section119states

31、 thatevery motor vehicles shall befitted with an electric horn or other device approved by BIS.Section120requires that every motor vehicle shall be fittedwith a device(silencerwhich reduces the noise that would otherwise made by escape of exhaust gases from the engine.It also specifies that every motor vehicle shall be so constructed and maintained as to conform to the noise standards for motor vehicles.FACTORIES ACT, 1948The Factories Act does not contain any specific provision for noise pollution control. However, in third Schedule