根文件系统移植

1、实验五根文件系统移植实验目的：通过本次实验，使大家学会根文件系统移植的具体步骤， 并对根 文件系统有更近一步的感官认识。让同学理解由于根文件系统是内核 启动时挂在的第一个文件系统，那么根文件系统就要包括Linux启动时所必须的目录和关键性的文件，任何包括这些Linux系统启动所必须的文件都可以成为根文件系统。实验硬件条件:1、实验PC机一台，TINY6410开发板一台实验软件条件:1、VMware Workstation ，2、Ubu ntu10.043、mktools-20110720.tar.gz4、busybox-1.13.3-mi ni2440.tg z,5、SecureCRT以及dn

2、w烧写工具实验步骤:、实验步骤1. 进入rootfs目录，查看压缩文件，具体操作指令如下:2.发现有两个压缩文件夹，分别进行解压:3.tar xvzfbusybox-1.13.3-mi ni244O.tgz4.tar xvzf mktools-20110720.tar.gz 解压完成后，5.查看文件夹#ls>4, Fri Nov 29. 7:00 PM 屮 羁 Q tom OI 住 Applications Places System 刊 7O tDmubuntu: /source/rootfsFile Edit View Terminal Help I Lsybo-1.13.3/HaK

3、efile.he!pLSybOX-1.13.3/TODOusybox-1-13.3/Hakefile.flags ijsyhox' 1.13. Varrh/Lisybox-1* 13- 3Zarch/i38&/usybox 1*13. Varch/i386/Hakcfi1.e onKubuntu:'/source/rootfss I, usybQxi.13.j busybox-i.3-Mlnl244e.tgz mktools-ZQiie72O.tar.gz tomdbijntu：'/5ource/rootfs£ tar xtfzf mktools-20

4、110720.tar,qz iisr/u各 r/sbin/U5 r/sbin/mkubimage-sicU5 r/sbin/mkubimage-mlc? usr/sbin/mKyafTsimage usr/sbin/mkyaffsimaqe-128n usr/sbln/mkubimage-ml cl us r/sbin/mkubimage u5r/sbin/mkext3iiTi<3gcIt>mubuntui'/source/ruotfss Is busyijoi-i*i3. J busybox -1.13.3 - Kilnl244e. tgz inktooL5-2eiiO7

5、2e. tar. gz u£r tomubuntuL/source/rootfss也 tomubuntu: f ourt郎实验步骤1.修改架构，编译器#cd busybox-1.13.32.进入后查看#ls3.#gedit Makefile4.修改 164 行 CROSS COMPILE ?=arm-linux-# Note: Somearchitectures assign CROSSCOMPILE in their arch/*ZMakefileCROSS COHPILh ?=ar(n-；inux- # bbox：we nay have CONFieCROSSCOMPILERPR

6、EFIX in .contig,5.修改 190 行 ARCH ?= armimps/ tARCH ?=ann|# Architecture as present in compile.h6.保存后，退出!三、实验步骤1.修改配置 #make menuconfigApp? I cations P laces System h 令Fri Nov 29, 7:16 PM 即 範 Q, tom OO tomubuntu; -/aurcc/roDtf/buaybox-1.13.3File Edit View Jeminal Helpus r/5bin/mkubimage-nlc2Hus r/sbin；

7、mkyaf f s2imaoeIus r/sbin/mkyaffsZimage-128HIusr/sbin/mkubimage-mlclIusr/sbin/mkubimageIusr/sbin/mkext3imageItom(yubunTu：-/source/rootfs$IsIbusybox-1.13.3 busybox-1.13.3-mini2440.tgzmktools-2B110720.tar.gz usr Itombuntu:-/source/rootfstcdbusybox-1.13.3/tomjbuntu： /source/root fs/busybox-1,13.3$ appl

8、ets archArchival AUTHORS Config.ir console-tools coreutils debianutils docssyshlogd te$tsuiteTODOTODOconfig rommu util-linuxcZfsprogs editors exam pZ fa.config findutils include in Lt INSTALL XibbblihpuidgrpLICENSE Loginutils mailutilsMakefile Makefile.tustam Hakefile.flags Hakefite,tieL p niscutiXs

9、TomOdtJunTui'/source/roorTs/busytJox-i. 13.3i tomLibuntu: '/source/root f s/busybox-1 *13.3$Is jnodutxls networking pr intutiX ppcpw README mnit scripts sellnux shell gedir Makefile make iienuconfigsource-File Browser "©ubuntu: +/s ourc e/2. 若出现如下提示-15 Applications Places SystemFil

10、e tditFri Nov 29, 7:17 PM 羁 Q tom OView Terminal Helpscripts/kconfig/lxdialog/checklist,0 scripts/kconfig/Xxdialog/inputbox.o scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/IxdialogH otomdbuntu: -/source/rootfs/busybox-1.13.3HOSTCCHOSTCCM03TCCscripts/kconfig/lxdialog/ixdialog.c： In function 'jinputbo冥'：scriptsZkc

11、onfig/Ixdialog/menubox.o scripts/kconfig/Xxdialog/msgbox.o scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/textbox o scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/util.0 scripts/kconfig/lxdialog/yesno.o scri pt5/l(config/lxdialog/l)tdialogscripts/kconfig/lxdialog/lxdialog.c:192: warning: format not a string literal and no format argumentsHOST

12、CCHOSTCCHOSTCCHOSTCCHOSTCCHOSTLt) scripts/kconfig/mconf Config.in: wf using defaults found in scripts/defconfigZour display is too small to run MenuconfigiIt mj5t be at least 19 lines by 80 columns.Tiakel: * menuconligl Error 1Tiake: * menuconfig Error 2 tonKubuntu:-!source/rootfs/busybox-1-13.3$ |I

13、 Maa輛！翩M3. 需调整到最大化。a_Iroot®localhost:/opt/bu£vbox-l.L3.3查看鑿SOD标签帮肋®1 Busj Bo't 1 -15.3ConfiEur&t ion1ude s. el p.< >it ghl i ght vd Metiers r "t- b-nt key Dx.xluliiriZLfs Peiurts.for Soaruh. Legend: * J bui ：Eubnenus >includes . - exit. <?> forecl uded <

14、M> itRiJulccavigate the irtenu. <Enter> &elecLs , Press i ng <Y> <Esc>cEsc? lo1 L -i nBusybox Settt ngs4.把 Busybox Settings>Build Op tionBuild BusyBox as astatic binary (no shared libs)选择上，其他的默认即可。root(localhost:/opt/busybox-1.13.3文洋LEj查看:比Arrou kci s iia ijja LeEli 1 i I

15、 ed 1 <? L tc I' b011A ntodul ar i zet Paturrs. for Setii-c h.the iiiiL-nU" <.LnLcJ' ' :-cl cc Lt art? hot kei，s . Pt'cssi nsPress u【:nc AufCwc a to.e 輕 nd： * I built-iri I I ec liuded1 tic 1 udc& .exc 1 u Jc5>.exit. > lji- le p , </irodul < :-、I *1 Put UMe

16、lloss然后一直退出，保存即可5. 接着执行 make接着执行 make in stall 6.最终生成的文件在in stall#cdin stall寸Applications Pl aces Systemtg, Fri Nov 29, 7:31PM 建 盟0QJB_0 tomubuntu: /source/rootfs/busybox-1.13.3/_in5talIFife EditView lenmmal Help probably need to make your busybox binarytoiit&GbLintiJ：*/source/root-fs/bLisybox*l

17、. 13.3S Is 日ppLets arch archivalAUTHORS busybox bus/hoxAinks bus/box_unstripped busybox unstripped.map hus/box_unstripped.aut Config.in console-tools coreutilsdebianutils docs eZfsprogs editors exampies Ta.config findutils include iiit installINSTALL lihbblibpwdgrp LICENSE loginutils mailutila Makef

18、ile Makefile-custom Makefile.flags Makefile.help miscutils irodutils networking printutilsprocp岂 README runitseXinux shell sysklogd testuiteTODOTODO config nomnu util-liiiuxYou will setuid root to ensure all configured applets wiLl work poperXy.cd install/ instalii IsTomubunxu:-/source/rootts/busybo

19、x-i.13.3$ tomLibLntu：VsoLirce/rootfs/bus/box-l-13.3/ bin linuxrc sbin usr tomuhuntu:-/source/rootfs/husyhax-1.13.3Z_instaIli | rii Iw source - File Browser 也 tomubuntu#ls存在这四个文件，即编译成功。四、实验步骤1、编写脚本文件，生成文件系统基本框架。mkdir/home/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfscd /home/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs爲 Appfications

20、 Places System 勺号Fri Nov 29, 7:46 PM 4) 矚 tom OtoriKubumu: Hotirce/rootfs/busybox-i.u.J/JnstallFile Edit Vipw Tprminsl Helptornjubufitu:-/source/rootIs/busyboK' 1.13.3S Is rtppTets arch dr cBtivdl AUTHORS busyball busybox Ainks buaybQx_un5tripped busybox unstripped * map busybox unstripped* out

21、Config-in console-tool coreutilsdebianutils docsprogii editorspie 吕 fa,config findutila include init install INSTALL libbblibp说dgrp LICENSE loginutils nailutils nakefile nakefile,custom Flake file, flags nakefile-help niscutils modutils networking pintutilspros README I unit scripts seiinux shell sy

22、aklogd testsuite TO DOTODO corfig nomiiu util-linuxtomOubuntu：4/st)uce；/ootfsbusybox-2-13.cd install/ Istomubuntu:-/source/rootis/busyboK-1.13,3/_instatXS bin liruxrc sbin urto(n3Libuntu:VsoLrce/ rootts/busybox-1.13.3/_installi otfs/arm-rootfstomLibuntu :*/soLirce/root1s/bLisybox-1.13.3/ installs 5/

23、a rm-rootfs書 m souiKe - File Bessermkdir /home/tomZs：urce/rocd /hoiie/tom/source/rooff阻 tomubuntu： /sou询2、 #gedit mkrootfs.sh将如下内容复制到 mkrootfs.sh#!/bi n/shecho "Create rootfs direct ons start.mkdir rootfscd rootfsecho "Create root,dev.mkdir root dev etc boot tmp var sys proc lib usr mnt ho

24、memkdir etc/i nit.d etc/rc.d etc/sysc onfigmkdir usr/sb in usr/b in usr/lib usr/modulesecho "make node in dev/c on sole dev/ null"mknod -m 600 dev/c on sole c 5 1mk nod -m 600 dev/null c 1 3mkdir mn t/etc mn t/jffs2 mn t/yaffs mn t/data mnt/tempmkdir var/lib var/lock var/r un var/t mpchmod

25、 1777 tmpchmod 1777 var/t mpecho "make directi on done3、保存并退出修改mkrootfs.sh权限。Q ppfkatiors Places System 巧 7t鼻 Fri Nov 29,O 融 jB tomubuntu; /aourcc/roDtfs/arm-rDotfaFile Edit View Terminal Help busyt>ox_unst ripped busvbox_instripped,map busybox instripped.out Config.ir Iconsole-tools Icoreut

26、ils7:52 PM 即 爾 Q tom Ofindutils include init _instaU INSTALL UbbbMakefile.flagsMakefile,heXp miscutils modutils networking printutilssysklogd testsuite TODOTODO config nomu util-Xinuxcd instalL/ installstom3ubLintu: -/source/rootts/busybox-1.13.34 tomjbLintu: /source/roatfs/busybox-l. 13.3/ bin llnu

27、xrc bbiri U5 tomubuntu;-/source/rootfs/busybox-I.13.3/ otfs/arrn rootfs tomubuntu: '/source/rootfs/busybox-1 -13.3/_instaIl$ s/arn*rootfs toiiK3ubuntu：'/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs5 t omubuntu：-/source/root fs/a rm-root fs$ mkroDtfs.sh tomaubuntu: -/source/rootfs/arm-rootfsS bash； ./ukrootfs.sh

28、: Permission denied tom3ubuntu：'/soLirce/ro 口tfs/arm-rootfsi mkroDtfs-sh to 醃 ubuntu ： */soLirce/rQotfs/arm-rootfs$ sudDj pdssword for tun: | JBrTn'rtfsFileJrovvseimiubuntLHj/S2urcIsinstallsmkdir /home/ton/source/rocd Zhome/tom/source/rootfgedit mkrootfs. sh Is./mkrootfs,shIssudo chmod 777 m

29、krootfs. shp assword for tom:123456然后执行#./mkrootfs.sh，会生成rootfs 文件。#cd rootfsiferminal Helpcreate directory create directory create directory'usr/bin': File exists usr/Xib': File exists "usr/modules': File existsmake node ifide/corsote dev/nuLI mknori: mknod： mkdir, mkdir： mkdir

30、： mkdir： mkdir； mkdir： mkdir： mkdir： mkdir：'riev/corsole': Ope ration rot permitted 'dev/nuIV : Operation not permitted cannot cannot cannot cannot cannot cannot CdhllOt cannot cannotcreate create create create create create tredU create createdirectory directory directory directory dire

31、ctory directory directory directory directory'mnt/etc'； File exists 'mnt/Jlfs2' File exists 'mnt/yaffs': File exists mnt/data*： File exists"mnt/temp*； File exists >ar/lib': File exists "var/locK*: File exists "var/r<jn': var/tmp，:File exists hitE

32、existsmake direction donetomLbuntuz'/scurce/rootts/arm-roottsS Is mkrootfs.sh ootf< tomubuntu:/source/rootfs/arm-rootfsi cdrootfs/toinLibuiitu：'/source/rootfs/arn-rootfs/rootfs5 Is boot dev etc home lib mt proc root sys EE usr vef tomiijhuntu:-/soNrce/rootfs/arm-rootfsZrciotfst; n arTTvro

33、otfs - File Browser tomubunUj： -/sourceA,.看到上述文件框架已经做好。接着将busybox生成四个文件（_install下）-(3 Applications Places System 专! Brawse and run installed applications File Edit View Go Bojkrnartes Help口 Fr Nov 29, 7:59 PM 寸 酒Q tom Back VlSPlaces VM w Sjtornisource | rootfs | busybox-Lli.S ( JnstaUB tom 也 Desktop

34、.；File System 回I Network =Floppy Dri略 二 TrashI沾 DocumentsN Musi< 關 Pictunes£ Videos 日 DownloadsbinsbinusrImuxncm jnstall - File Browser匡f ：;omubuntu： -/sourceAQ Apflicat ons Places System 号t|, Fri Nov 29, 7:56 PM 屮 EMO # ® tom® ubuntu: /s ou r ce/ rootf s/a rm - r ootf s/rootf sFil

35、e Edit Viewmkdir： cannot mkdir： cannot mkdir； cannot4、拷贝到/home/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs录下。心 Applications Places System >_ rootfs -File Edit View GoFile BrowserBookmarks HelpBack 7Places tomB Desktop ” 二 File Syst 鮎 Network 一 Floppy c3 TVash虧 Dacumei龜 Music31 PicturesIE Videos Downloads

36、14 Fri Nov 22 S:呢 PM Ml W 6M tDm O"usr''Do youA folder named already exists* want to merge the source folder?The source folder already exists in "rootfsMerging will ask for CQnfiimation before rep lacing any files in the folder that conflict with the filles being copiedCancel芭杆ge岂.

37、 Skip'Merge12 items, Free space: 6,0 CBRp TOOtfs * File Browse0 tomubuntu： -/source.选择Merge All全部替换五、实验步骤1、添加文件系统的配置信息和启动项进入etc目录#cd etc （ rootfs 下的etc文件）#cd sys onfigApplications Places System 鼻：亨t|, Fri Nov 29. S OS PM 建 陶 Q, tom <J)O O 0 tomubuntu: /source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/ctcFile

38、Edit View Tirmin制 Helpmake node indev/console dev/rulT mknod： mknod： mkdir: mkdir： mkd jr： mkdir： mkdir： mkdir： mkdir: mkdir： mkdir："dev/console': Operation rot permitted 'dev/null*: Operation not permitted cannotcannot cannot canrot canrot canrot cannot cannot cannotcreate create c rea

39、te create create create create c reate createdirectory 'mnt/etc': File exists directory: File existsdirectory directory directory directory directory directory directorymnt/yaffs': File exists 'mnt/data*: File exists 'mnt/temp': File exists 'var/lib': File exists ar/l

40、ock': File exists 'va r/run': "var/tmp，:File exists file existsmake direction doneton»ubuntu;'/soiree/rootts/arn-rootfsi Is mkrootfs.sh rotf$rootfs/tomLibuntu;-/source/rootfs/arm*rootfsS cd toinubuntu；'/soLrce/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfss Is boot dev etc home lib mnt proc

41、root sys FOt usr var toin(aubuntu；/5Oirce/rootf5/arm-rootf5/rciotf5S cd etc ton»ubuntu;'/soiree/rootfs/arn-rootfs/rootfs/etci Is init.d red sysconftgtomsubuntu;'/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/eteS cd|sysconfig/ TT K rootfs - File Browser P tomubuntij： /source/.-I#gedit HOSTNAMES-601 （

42、内容随意输入，这里只为了规范）保存并退出!2、增加如下文件:从主机根目录/etc 中复制 group , passwd, shadow至U/home/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/etc具体步骤如下:cp /etc/gr oup home/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/etc/ cp /etc/ passwd home/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/etc/ sudo cp /etc/shadowhome/tom/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/roo

43、tfs/etc/密码：123456Applicatiors Places SystemFri Nov 29, 8:20 PM 歴 Q tom ©I9 tom ubuntu: -/sou rc e/rootfs/a rm - rootfs/r ootfs /etcFile Edit View TermiraI Helpinit.drc.dsysconfigItoinubuntu：'Zsource/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rt50tf5/etci cd sysconfig/IaIgedit HOSTNAME I CDIt onKLibunTu:-/SOU rce/ro

44、oTTs/a rm* root fs/root fs/etc/syscorfig$ tomtaubuntu: -/source/ root f sZa rm - rootfs/rootfs/etc/syscorifig$ toni(aubuntu:-/source/rootfs/arm - rootfs/rootfs/etc/syscorfigS CD： cnmmand not fnunri ton»ubuntu：'Zsource/rootf5/arrr- rootfs/rootfs/etc/sysconfiqS tomubuntu:'/source/rootfs/a

45、rm-rootfsZrootfs/etc$ linit.d rc.d sysconfig Toini(dubuntu:/source/rooifs<arrT- rooTfs/rootfs/etc$ init.d rc.d sysconfig tomubuntu: -/sou rce/ root f s/a rrr- rootfs/rootfs/etc$ rcfl/rontfs/arm-rontfs/rontfs/ptr/ tomubuntu:'/source/rootfs/arm-rootfsZrootfs/etci urce/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/e

46、tc/ tomfaubuntu:-/source/rootfs/arm - rootfs/rootf5/etc$ u rce/root fs/arm-rootfs/root fs/etc/IsIscpcp/etc/group /hone/tom/sou/etc/passwd /home/tom/so/etc/shadow /home/tom/socp； cannot open Vetc/shadow' for reading: Pemission denied tomubuntu：'/source/rootf5/arm-rootfsZrootfs/etci sudo cp /e

47、tc/shadow /home/t om/source/rootfs/an-rootfs/rootfs/etc/sudo password for tom: tomaLibuntu:-/source/rootfs/arm - rootfs/rootfs/Etc$ | IjS etc - RimTnbmubuntB： ?5ouiTeA.n注：也可手动拖拽；复制后etc文件内容如下:Go Bookmarks HelpBack T100% 題Places T鬲tomU Desktop二 File System 同 Network_ Floppy DriveE TrashinitdlL snnwgtf

48、弓rc.dlto<xfssysconfiqijj DocumentsMiusic晅 PlicuresH Videos 舟 Downloadsiroat 7tin：*grouproot: biTTirs 呂林:X passwd.Q14shadow5 items. Free space： b.O GB裨 etc - File Browser3、#gedit profile复制如下内容:#Ash pr ofile#vim:s yn tax=sh#No core file by defaults#ulimit -S -c 0>/dev/ null 2>&1USER二"

49、;id -un"LOGNAME=$USERtg, Fn Nov 29, S:21斗5 Applications Platzes System OJB etc - File Browser File Edit ViewP S1='uh=W#'PATH=$PATHH0STNAME=7bi n/host name' export USER LOGNAME PS1 P ATH4、#gedit inttab复制如下内容:#etc/i nittab:sysi nit:/etc/i nit.d/rcS:askfirst:-/b in/sh:ctrlaltdel:/sb in

50、/reboot:shutdow n:/b in/umount -a5、#gedit fstab复制如下内容:#device mount-point type op ti on dump fsck orderproc /proc proc defaults 0 0none /tmp ramfs defaults 0 0sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0mdev /dev ramfs defaults 0 0接下来进入etc/init.d文件4：； Applications Places SystemFn Nov 29, S：35 PM 羁 Q tom O9 ©

51、tomubuntu: - / sou r ce/ r ootts > a rm - rootf s/rootf s/etcFile Edit View Terminal H曲piniT.d rc.d sy刍configtoinLbuntu：/scurce/root fs/a rm-rootf s/rootf s/etc S rce/rootf s/a rm-rootf s/rootf 5/etc/ toinubuntu:-/scurce/rootfs/arm-rootf s/roolfs/etcS urce/rootfs/ariT-root fs/rootf s/etc/ tomLibu

52、ntu：'/scurce/rootfs/arm-rootf s/rootf s/eteS LI rce/root fVariT-rootf s/rootf s/etc/cpcp/etc/group /home/tom/sou/'etc/passwd /hone/tom/sD<etc/shadow /home/tom/sacp： cannot open '/etc/shadoW for reading： Permission denied sudo cp /etc/shadow /home/ttomubuntu j/scLirce/ rootfs/arm- root

53、f s/rootf s/etcS om/source/rootf s/a rm-rootf s/roDtf s/etc/sudo password for tom； tomubuntui-Zsource/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/etcS tomLtJuntui'/source/rootfVarn-rootfs/rootfs/etci t om§Libuntu ：'Zsou rce/root f s/arm-rootf s/rootf s/etcS t omLibuntu ：'/sou rce/root Ts/arm-rootf s/r

54、ootf 5/etcs toinOubuntu：'/scurce/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfss Is bindsvhomellnuxrcpwcsblnEBBvarbootetclibmrtrootsysusrtoinubuntu;-Zscurce/rootf5/arm-rootfs/rootfsS cd etc/ tomiibuntu：'/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/etci Is fstab group init.d inittab passwd profile rc.d shadow sysconfig tomeub

55、untuI'/source/rootfs/arm-rootfs/rootfs/etci cd init*d| 画 M etc - File Browser torriubunUj： -/source.gedit gedit gedit cd ”.ofile inittab fstab6、#gedit rcS#!/bi n/shP ATH=/sb in:/bi n:/usr/sbi n:/usr/bi n runi evel=S p revlevel=N umask 022 export P ATH runI evel pr evlevelecho "munt allmount -a echo /sbin/mdev>/proc/sys/kernel/hot plug mdev -s echo "* Studying ARM *" echo "Kernel versio n:li nu x-2638" echo "Stude nt" echo "Date:2012.12.10"