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1、2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood 学案虚拟语气的特殊用法一、混合式虚拟语气条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时,动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇(如now, yesterday等)来确定是与哪种事实相反,然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would knowwhat to do now.如果你昨天对他讲的话,你现在就知道怎么做了。If the boy hadn&

2、#39;t been saved this afternoon , his family would not be in peace now. 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救,他的家现在就不会如此安宁。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假如你接受了我的意见,你现在就会好得多。二、含蓄条件句含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句, 而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有:1.介词或介词短语,如but for( 要不是), without, in case of, under more fa

3、vourableconditions (在更有利的条件下)等取代了if 引导的条件状语从句。Withoutair, there would be no life on the earth.要是没有空气,地球上就不会有生命了。He would have failed but for .his teacher's timely advice =if it had not been for his teacher's timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话,他可能失败了。We could have done the work better in that case .

4、要是那样的话,我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。We could have done better under more favourable conditions.在更有利的条件下,我们还可以做得更好些。2. 用 but that+从句(要不是,若非) ,otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替 if 引导的条件状语从句。But that he saw i t with his own eyes, he couldn thave believed it.要不是亲眼所见,她不可能相信这事的。(从句用陈述语气,主句用虚拟语气)He would have cometo see you ye

5、sterday morningbut he had an important meeting toattend.他昨天上午就会来看你了,可他有个重要的会议要参加。 (主句用虚拟语气,分句用陈述语气)I was ill that day. Otherwise/ orI would have takenpart in your birthday party.(本句省略的条件句为If I hadnt been ill that day)(.如果那天我没生病的话)我那天生病了,否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。即学即用1. If you _(follow) my advice yesterday, you

6、_(be) better now.第1页共8页2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood 学案2.If his TV set _(steal) yesterday, he _ (watch) TV now.3.Without sunlight, people s life _(be) different from today.4.But for your help, I _(not finish) the work last week.=_ your help, I _ (not finish) the work last week.=If i

7、t_ your help, I _ (not finish) the work last week.=_ it _ your help, I _(not finish)the work lastweek.=If you _(not help) me, I _(not finish) the work last week.5. He was busy, otherwise he _(come). =He _ (come), but he was busy.=He _ (come) if he _(be) busy.三、( should)+ 动词原形 ”式虚拟语气1. It s necessary

8、 /strange/ natural/ important+ thatsb (should) +do使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、可能、适当、较好、迫切、紧近、重要等形容词后的主语从句的谓语也用should+动词原形虚拟语气。其表达形式为should动词原形或省略should 直接用动词原形常用的形容词有:natural (自然的 ), appropriate (适当的 ), strange(奇怪的)desirable(令人向往的、满意的), essential(必要的),necessary (必要的) possible(可能的), preferable (更可取的 ), , impor

9、tant(重要的 ),urgent ( 急迫的 ), vital(必不可少的)*probable (很可能的 ), possible (可能的 ) imperative( 必要的,重要的,必须的)。It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。It is natural that a bird (should ) restin trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。It is necessary that everyone (should) be there in time.每个人都必须及时到那儿。It is important

10、that we(should) paymore attention to our handwriting.我们要多注意我们的书写是很重要的注意:在上述所列形容词做宾语补足语时,后面用 that 引出的真正的宾语从句中谓语动词也要用(should ) 动词原形虚拟语气。I don't think itadvisable that Tom be assigned to the job since he has no experience汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的。2. 表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词如: 一个坚持:insist两个命令 : order, command

11、三个建议 : advise, suggest, propose 四个要求 : demand , require, request, ask, 外加 desire, urge, recommend. argue, arrange ,prefer 等动词 后的宾语从句,其宾语从句的谓语用(should)+ 动词原形这些动词的过去分词所在的主语从句的谓语也用(should)+ 动词原形上述动词的名词形式后所接的表语从句,同位语从句的谓语也使用此类虚拟语气。名词有:advice, suggestion, order, demand, requirement, recommendation, desir

12、e, proposal (建议 ),等。以 suggest 为例 :My parents suggests I (should) get upearlier.第2页共8页2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood 学案我的父母亲建议我早点起床。(宾语从句) It is suggested that she( should ) sing a song. 有人建议她唱首歌。 (主语从句) My suggestion is that he (should) leave for London at once . 我的建议是他立即动身去伦敦。(表语从句)

13、What do you think of his suggestion that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening?他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧 ,你觉得怎么样?(同位语从句)注意: suggest 表示 “暗示,表明 ”, insist 表示 “坚持说,坚持认为 ”时,其后宾语从句用陈述语气。即学即用1.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe_(be)illandwesuggestedthatshe_(send) to hospital at once.2.He insisted that he _(do)

14、 nothing wrong and that he _(set) free atonce.即学即用1. The bus driver insisted that he _(drive) at normal speed.2.He insisted that more doctors _(send) to the earthquake-stricken area.3. Do you know the order that you _ (keep) watch ?4. It is required that nobody _ (smoke)here.5. It s important that w

15、e _ (take) good care of the patient.6. It s suggested that the plan _ (carry) out.7. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory _(close) down.3 lest(惟恐,生怕), for fear that (惟恐,生怕)和in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+ 动词原形,但也可以不用虚拟语气,而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如:We dare not play jokes on him lest he should beco

16、me angry .我们不敢开他玩笑生怕他动气。The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。4.在 expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,我们经常用 “should动词原形 (或完成形式 ) ”,表示惊奇,怀疑,不满等。I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier.我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士。四、“动词的过去式”的虚拟语气

17、如: wish , if only, as if /though, even if/though,wouldrather 后接从句中的虚拟语气后接宾语从句中谓语动词的形式表示的时间Did/were表示现在未能实现的愿望、意愿(与现在相反)第3页共8页2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood 学案Had done/been表示过去未能实现的愿望、意愿(与过去相反)Could/would do表示未来不大可能实现的愿望、意愿(与将来相反)1. wish-clauses1) I wish I were as young as you.2) I wi

18、sh that I had not met him yesterday.3) Isn t it yourwish that you could buy a car like that?如果 wish 的形式是过去时,则从句的谓语动词的虚拟形式不变He wished he knew the answer. 他希望他懂答案。(其实当时他不懂)注意: I wish 和I hope 都表示 “希望 ”。但 I hope 并不表示假设意义,随后的动词形式除表示婉转口气外很少用过去形式。I hope you re coming to our party.We hope you will be very h

19、appy.即学即用1.I wish I _(be) as tall as you.2.He wished that he _ (not do) it yesterday.3. I wish I _ (fly) to Hainan for a trip one day.2. If only要 是 就好了If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。If only I had taken mother's advice我要是听取妈妈的建议就好了。I dread the coming exams. If only I could have time t

20、o review my lessons. 我对即将到来的考试非常担心。如果我有时间复习该有多好啊。即学即用1. Tom was sent to Australia for further study last week. Really? If only I _ (有一天有此机会)2. Eri c hasn t passed the examination. If only he(早听史密斯先生的建议)!3 . as if ,as though引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中虚拟语气1) She always talks to me as if she were my sister.2) He w

21、alks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.3) She looks as if she would cry.注意:在某些语境中,如果不表示假设意义,就不必用过去式。1) It looks as if it is going to rain.2) The fish smells as if it has gone bad.4. even if, even though 引导的状语从句中虚拟语气Nothing could have saved him even if hehad been tended without delay.They talked as if

22、 they had been friends for years.第4页共8页2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood 学案他们交谈着,就好像他们是多年的老朋友一样。She looks as if she would cry. 她看起来好像要哭了。即学即用1. Even if he _ (be) here, he could not solve the problem.2. She looked after the boy as if he _ (be) her own son.3. He talked as if he _(be) to t

23、he USA before.5. I would rather (that) you / he / they did/were(与现在或将来相反,用过去时)。I would rather (that) you / he / they had done(过去相反用过去完成时)表示宁愿让别人做某事I m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train.He didn t attend the meetingIwould. rather he had been present.Don t come. I would

24、rather youcame tomorrow.注意: 若某人愿自己做某事, would rather 后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today would rather than中用动词原形I would rather stay at home than go out today 即学即用1. I would rather you_(pay) me now.2. I d rather I(not go) to see the film. It was boring!6在 It is(high/about)time (that)句 型中,定语从句常用虚拟

25、过去式或should+ 动词原形 ,should不可省略It's about time you began (should begin)your work.该你开始工作的时候了。It is high time that we had (should have)our lunch.该是我们吃午饭的时候了。It is time that he made (should make)up his mind. 该是他作出决定的时候了。即学即用You have been working for nearly an hour. It s time for you to have a break.=Y

26、ou have been working for nearly an hour . It s _ time that you _ _ a break.第5页共8页2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood 学案虚拟语气练习1.Everything _ if Albert hadn t called the fire brigade.A. will be destroyedB. will have been destroyedB. would be destroyedD. would have been destroyed2.If you had

27、n twithgoneTom to the party last night, _.A. you would meet John alreadyB. you won t have missed JohnC. you will have met JohnD. you would have met John3.Supposing this ship _, doyou think there would be enough life jackets for all thepassengers?A. was sinkingB. has sunkC. were to sinkD. sunk4. The

28、insects would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and heads, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals.A. it is notB. it were notC. were it not D. they were not5. The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation.A. madeB. makeC. makesD. will make6. Frankly, I d

29、rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. doB. don t doC. didn t do D. w ill not do7. After the way she treated you, if I _ in your place.A. beB. amC. wasD. were8. The idea is that the nation _ an unmanned spacecraft to explore the planet first.A. sentB. sendsC. sendD. must send9. It sh h

30、igtime you _.A. start to workB. would start to workC. started to workD. had started to work10.“ If I hadn t practiced when I was younger,” the musician says,“ I _ able tonow. ”A. wouldn t be B. won t be C. wouldn t have beenD. couldn t have been11.It is imperative that you _ there in person.A. areB.

31、 wereC. beD. will be12.The atomic structure is, _, a miniature solar system.A. as it wasB. as if they wereC. as it wereD. as if are13.We required that the machine parts _ cast iron.A. is made ofB. be made fromC. be made ofD. is made by14.The management urged that the cost of production _.A. to be fu

32、rther reducedB. was further reducedC. be further reducedD. should further reduced15.The business is risky. But _ we would be rich.A. should we succeedB. we should succeedC. might we succeedD. would we succeed16.I wish our teacher _ to give another test. I havened yet. t got prepar第6页共8页2011-2012 学年度

33、高二英语教学活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood学案A. isn t going B. weren t going C. will not goingD. could have gone17.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night.A. wentB. did goC. could goD. could have gone18.I d just as soon _ rudely to her.A. that you won speaktB. your not speakingC. you not speakD. you didn

34、 t speak19.If I _ in the twenty-first century, I _ my vacation in a very different way.A. should live would spendB. will liveshould spendC. are living dshoulave spentD. will be living would have spent20.It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary.A. be oiledB. must be oiledC. is oil

35、edD. will oil21.His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program.A. beginsB. beginC. will beginD. is beginning22.We prefer that the plan _ before being put into practice.A. is fully discussedB. must be fully discussedC. be fully discussedD. will be fully discussed23. What do you thi

36、nk of his proposal that improvements _ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?A. be madeB. will be madeC. would be madeD. will have to be made24.The doctor s advice is that the patient _ about his real physical condition.A. be not toldB. not be toldC. will not be toldD. must not be told25._, we could not

37、 have finished the work on time.A. If they do not help usB. Was it not for their helpC. Should they offer to help usD. But for their help26.If we had been more careful, we _ much better results now.A. gotB. had gotC. would be gettingD. would have got27.Henry _ a rich man today if he had been more fr

38、ugal in the past.A. would beB. isC. will beD. was28.They thought it desirable that an armed guard _ in readiness.A. standsB. standC. stoodD. would stand29._ , I would teach you how to send emails.A. Have I timeB. If I have timeC. If I will have timeD. If I had time30.Sally can t have nwrittetome, or

39、 _ the letter by now.A. I ll getB. I ll have gotC. I d have gotD. I d get31.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I _.A. am not invitedB. was not invitedC. shall not be invitedD. am not being invited32. There is a general understanding among the members of the Board of Directors that

40、 chief attention _ to the companies that are expected to bring in highest profit.A. is givenB. givesC. should be givenD. must be given33. One of the requirements for a fire is that the material _ to its burning temperature.A. be heatedB. is heatedC. would be heatedD. to heat第7页共8页2011-2012 学年度高二英语教学

41、活动单M6U4 语法 Subjunctive Mood学案34.“ Did you go to see the football match yesterday?”“ No. I didn t feel well,wouldbutI have gone if I _.”A. didB. haveC. wouldD. had35.If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we _ her at the bus station.A. may have metB. might meetC. may meetD. might have

42、met36.We re safer aintrain than we would be if we _ any other way.A. traveledB. had traveledC. travelD. have traveled37. He told me how he had given me shelter and protection without which I _ of hunger and cold.A. would be diedB. would have diedC. would dieD. will have died38._ today, he would get there by Friday.A.Was he leavingB. I

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