专题06定语从句(原卷版)

1、三观一统十年高考真题精解06定语从句十年树木，百年树人，十年磨一剑。本专辑按照最新2020年考纲，对近十年高考真题精挑细选，去伪存真，挑选符合最新考纲要求的真题，按照考点/考向同类归纳，难度分层精析，对全国卷I具有重要的应试性和导向性。三观指的观三题(观母题、观平行题、观扇形题)，一统指的是统一考点/考向，并对十年真题进行标灰(调整不考或低频考点标灰色)。(一) 2020 考纲考点2020考纲要求(1)限制性定语从句的用法inm(2)非限制性定语从句的用法inm(二)本节考向题型研究汇总题型考向考点/考向2020考纲要求语法填空(1)在具体语篇中，综合考查定语从句的相关知识inm短文改错(2)

2、在具体语篇中，综合考查定语从句的相关知识inm单项填空(3)在语境中，考查定语从句的相关知识2014年前考向题型研究一：语法填空(考点 1-限制性定语从句的用法)三现真题1. （2018 全国 I） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ _showed a mere five to 10 minu tes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.2. （2015 全

3、国卷I） I'd skipped n earby Guili n, a dream place for tourists seek ing the limest one mountain tops anddark waters of the Li Riverare pictured by artists in so many Chin ese pain ti ngs.3. （2014 新课标全国卷I）Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit _67_ isdriving your famil

4、y crazy.Qu平行蓟1. 【2019 新课标 III 卷 They were well trained by their mastersad great experienee with caring for thesean imals.2. 【2019 浙江卷On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ives off light in the dark.3. 【2019 北京卷 The students benefitting most from college are thoseare totally engaged（参与

5、）inacademic life.4. 【2018 全国 II The Chi nese Min istry of Agriculture fin ds that between 2005 whe n the governme nt started asoil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 millio n tons.1.【2018 浙江卷Many westerners观扇形题come to Chi

6、na cook much less tha n in their own coun tries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.2. 2015 广东卷When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the marketpeople from the tow ns met regularly.3. 【2013 广东卷 Nick ' s guests,had heard their conversation, a

7、sked why they should not buy sale more cheaply if they could.4. 2012 广东卷Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,made herfeel like a star.一统考点/考向考点一关系代词引导的定语从句1. who，whom， whose弓丨导的定语从句 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些在语言学习

8、上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。 The man (who/whom) you met just now is called Jim.你刚才遇见的那个人叫吉姆。 Childre n who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。考点总结1. who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用 who代替whom。2. whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时可用of

9、which代替，指人时可用 of whom代替。2 that， which 引导的定语从句 ChinaToday attracts a worldwide readership ， which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.今日中国吸引了世界各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。 When the time came to make the final decision for a course ，I decided to apply for the one t

10、hat reflected my interest.当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。 All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人都工作更努力。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 This is the book which you are looking for.这正是你在找的那本书。 He talked about the people

11、 and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。考点总结1that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。2 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外， which 可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。3下列情况只用 that 不用 which ： 先行词是 all ， something ， everything ， anything ，nothing ， little ， much ， few 等不定代词； 先

12、行词被 all，any，every，no，little ，much ， some 等词修饰； 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； 先行词被the only, the very（正是，恰是），the last修饰； 先行词中既有人也有物； 在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 Opposite is St.Paul's Church，where you can hear some lovely music. 对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。 We will put off the picnic in t

13、he park until next week ， when the weather may be better.我们将把去公园野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。 The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。考点总结1先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语时用关系副词when

14、, where,why 。有时可用 “介词 which ”结构替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。3. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation , case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词 that/which 。考点三 “介词关系代词 ”引导的定语从句 Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所

15、致力于的事业。 The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。 Recen tly I bought an ancient vase, the price of which( = whose price) was very reas on able. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。 His head soon appeared out of the

16、 window , from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where 相当于 from out of thewindow ，而不是 from the window)考点总结1. 若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom ，指物时常用 which 。另外， whose 也可以放 在介词后，即 介词+ whose+名词"结构。2. 该结构中介词的选用(1) 一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手： 先行词的意义； 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配； 句子的意

17、思。(2) 表示 整体和部分关系”介词常用of。常见结构： 在 some，any，few ，little ，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each 等代词或数词的前、后可以 用 of which/whom 。 the+比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。(3) 有时“介词 where ”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词 which ”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。考点四 as，which 引导的定语从句 The number of smokers , as is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in j

18、ust one year.正如报道的那样，吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。 It is a truly delightful place , which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.这真是一个令人愉快的地方，它看上去和 100 年前的样子一样，有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。 Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an exam in ati on problem as non

19、e of us worked out.( 定语从句 )Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.( 结果状语从 句)上学期数学考试老师出了一道很难的数学题，没有一个人能解出来。 I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天用的那种工具。I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天用

20、的那件工具。考点总结1. as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或 句中。2. as 常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens， as I remember， as is often the case， as is expected， as is known to us， as is shown 等。3. which 引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4. “such/so.that.表示 如此以致"的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so.as.表示 像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，

21、as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5. “ the same.that.表. 示同一”个人或物，而“ the same.as.表. 示同种”类的人或物。考点五 way 和 time 后接定语从句的情况 What surprised me was not what he said but the wayin whichthathe said it.不填让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。that The way which he explained to us was quite simple.不填他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 It's not the first time (

22、that) you've found yourself in this situati on.你陷入这种状况已经不是第一次了。 There was a time when/during which each teacher spent an hour , one day a week, testing pupils in every subject.曾经，每个老师每周都有一天花上一小时对学生的每门功课进行测试。考点总结1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是 in which , that或省略；但 是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用

23、that或which。2. 先行词time作 次数”讲时，应用关系代词 that引导定语从句，that可省略；当先行词time作一段 时间，时代"讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或 介词at/during + which"引导定语从句。考向题型研究一：语法填空（考点2-非限制性定语从句的用法）三观真题（囲母蓟1. （2017 全国卷I） Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both,is not good for the health.2. （2016 全国新课标 I） But my conn ecti on

24、 with pan das goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,I was the first Wester n TV reporter permitted to film a special un it cari ng for pan das rescued from starvati onin the wild.2017 浙江卷 6 月考Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of kitchenrubbish an

25、d was spread over the garde n,it remained un til the carrot's leafy top accide ntally sprouted （ 生长）through it.扇形题）1. 【2019 新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield , she ope ned with her late husba nd Les.2. 2017 全国卷川But Sarah,has taken part in show

26、s along with top models, wants to prove that she hasbrains as well as beauty.一统考点/考向定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词以及介词的选用是语法填空题中的考查点。首先判断是否是定语从 句是做题的关键，其次判断关系词充当何种成分，确定答案。有些特殊的定语从句，如分割式定语从句和 插入式定语从句，一定要先确定先行词，然后再判断作何成分，最后确定用何关系词。考向题型研究二：短文改错（考点 -定语从句相关知识的误用）1.【2019新课标I 卷 One after noon where I was in primary schoo

27、l, I was walk ing by the school playgro und.2.【2018 全国 I 】They also had a small pond which they raised fish.1. 【2019 新课标 III 卷 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is createdfor them.s favorite.2. 【2016 四川The dishes what I cooked were Mom'观扇形题1. 2013 新课

28、标 II Having tea in the late after noon provides a bridge betwee n lunch and dinner, that might not beserved un til 8 oclocktat nigh2. 2017 全国卷n In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.3. 2017 全国卷川Around me in the picture

29、are the things they were very important in my life at that time: 一统考点/考向二L.上短文改错中对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词 的错用。应对策略确定定语从句中关系词的步骤：1 找出先行词；2.看先行词被代入从句后在句子中的成分（作主语、宾语还是状语）;3 选择合适的关系词。书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦（一）定语从句意识缺失1 关系代词被普通代词取代（误）1 have many collect ions of stamps , some_of_them are my favorite.（正）I have many collect ions of stamps , some_of_which are my favorite.2