名词性从句以及倒装句

1、学习必备欢迎下载名词性从句一、名词性从句的概念和分类其用法相当于名词的从句叫名词性从句。根据它们在主句中的作用不同可分为主语从句、语从句、表语从句和同位语从句4种。如：Whether we 11 go on a picnic is not decided.我们是否去野餐还没决定。I don 't know whether we ' II go on a picnic. 我不知道我们是否去野餐。The question is whether we 'II go on a picnic.问题是我们是否会去野餐。He asked me a question whether w

2、e would go on a picnic. 他问了我一个问题：我们是否要去野餐。二、名词性从句的3个基本要素1、引导词：也就是引导名词性从句的连接词。这些引导词 可分为：(1) that;( 2) if / whether ; ( 3)疑问词。既然是引导词，这些词就必须位于名 词性从句的最前面。2、 语序：名词性从句都必须与陈述句语序相同：主语+谓语。事实上，任何一种从句，其语序都必须与陈述句的语序相同。如：(1) These photographs will show you.A. what does our village look like B. what our village l

3、ooks like C. how does our village look l ike D. how our village looks like【分析】答案是 B。根据从句要用陈述句语序，排除A和C; how是副词不能作介词like的宾语，排除D。(2) Some one is ringing the doorbell. Go and see.A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is3、时态一致：若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理

4、，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如：The P olice found that the houseand a lot of things.A. has broke n in to; has bee n stole nB. had broke n in to; had bee n stole n C. has bee n broke n into; stole n D. had bee n broke n in to; stole n【分析】答案是D。因为主句谓语动词found是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词必须是某种过去时态，排除A和C; break into与the house是动宾关系

5、，要用被动语态，排除B。stolen 前省略了 had been。、主语从句三、各类名词性从句的用法说明1、主语从句的语序 主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：使我感到惊讶的是How he was successful is still a pu zzle. 他是如何成功的仍What surp rised me most was that the little girl could p lay the violi n so well.这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。然是个谜。2、连接词的选用(1) that和what的选用what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分， 而

6、that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接that和what都可引导主语从句。可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。词作用。如：What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本书。That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。(2) if 和 whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if,只能用whethero如：Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要

7、看天气而定。(3)其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决 定。Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Which car you will choose to buy makes no differe nee.你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任

8、何区 别。 (4) whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。 它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、 表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who 。要注意禾R whatever, whoever 弓丨导的 让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoever breaks the law should be puni shed.(主语从句)(=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.)Whoever breaks the law, he

9、 should be punished.(让步状语从句)(=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished. ) 3、it 构成的主语从句(1) 由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式 主语。谓语是 seem, appear, be certain, be a pity, be a wonder, be one's hope, be likely 等词或短 语时。It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳

10、转。需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：It was rep orted that the US was un der the terrorist attack.(主语从句，有 that，无逗号)As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack.(定语从句，无 that,有逗号)上两句意 为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。用于 It is suggested / required / ordered / demanded that.句型中，动词为表示命令、建议、要求 等意义的词。主

11、语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用"should +动词原形",should可以省略。例 如：It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in study ing En glish. 你应该花更多的时间学习 英语。(2) 常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构1.It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news )that 如：It's a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2

12、. It is necessary (clear / true / strange/important /wonderful / possible / likely )that 需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“( should) +动词原形”，即要用虚拟 语气。如：It is necessary that you (should) master the computer.你很有必要掌握电 脑。It is imp Orta nt that a stude nt lear n En glish well. 学生学好英语很重 要。It's clear that they bad

13、ly n eed hel p.很明显，他们急需援助。3.It is reported (well-k nown / hoped / thought / exp ected /said /believed/decided /suggested /orde red)that如：It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了。4.It seems (happened / app ears / does n't matter / makes no differe nee / )that 如：It seems that the

14、y will win the game.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。It makes no differe nee whether he will atte nd the meet ing or not. 他是否会参加会议都无关紧 要。例：The Foreign Minister said, "our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is 句式用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的It is be

15、lieved that. 人有：It is said that.据说 It is rep orted that.据报导It is well known that. 众所周知 It is ann ou need that.据宣布们相信 It is thought that.人们认为It is un derstood that. 自不待言 It must be poin ted out that. 必须指出 It must be admitted that.必须承认 否定转移1）将think, believe, suppose, expeet, faney, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定

16、词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I don't thi nk I know you.我想我并不认识你。I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为 hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you weren't ill.我想你没有生病吧。2）将seem, appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It does n't seem that they kn ow where to go.看来他们不知道往哪去。It does n't app ear that we

17、'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3）有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。I don't remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。（not否定动名词短语 havi ng ）It's not a place where anyone would expeet to see strange characters on the street.在这里，人们不 会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式

18、。）4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。The ant is not gathering this for itself alone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. （ 否定 because状语）他并不 因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。She had not bee n married many weeks whe n that man's youn ger brother saw her and was struck b y

19、 her beauty.（否定状语many weeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对 她的美貌着了迷。练习：1. you don't like him is none of my bus in ess. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circli ng the earth,our astr on auts desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how3. leaves the room l

20、ast ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who二、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because等结构。例女0:1） The questi on is whether we can make good prep arati on in such a s

21、hort time. 2） This is why we can't get the support of the peop le.3）But the fact rema ins that we are beh ind the other classes.4）The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus. 表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。三、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名

22、词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例女0: 1） The kin g's decisi on that the prisoner would be set free surp rised all the people. 2） The ord er that all the soldiers should stay still is give n by the gen eral. 2. 同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例女0: He got the n ews from Mary that the sports meeti ng was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句 的区别（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位 语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。（2）定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加