初中英语语法 第一讲名词

1、初中英语语法第一讲 名词（Noun）1. 概念：名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的词。2. 分类：专有和普通 （形式） 个体和集体，物质和抽象 （意义） 可数和不可数（最常见）3. 可数名词单数变复数的规则变化： 直接在词尾+s. 以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词+es. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i+es. 以元音字母+y结尾的词，直接在词尾+s. 以f,fe结尾的词，变f,fe为v+es. 以o结尾的词，4. 可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化： 内部元音有变化. eg: foot, tooth, goose, man, woman, mouse 词尾+en. 单复数同形. eg：sheep

2、, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese ！由man,woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两者都变。5. 不可数名词“量”的表示： a/an+量词+of+不可数名词.复数形式：量词（复数）+of+不可数名词. “许多，大量”用much, little, a little, some, too much, so much, a great deal of等.6. 名词所有格：表示两个名词之间的所属关系，译为“的”。（1） 名词后+s表示有生命的东西. 一般情况下在词尾+s. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只+. 不以s结尾的复数名词+s. 表示某物为共同所有，只在最后一个词后+s.

3、表示某物为各自所有，在每个名词后分别+s. 表示时间，距离，路程，国家的名词，在词尾+s. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加s. eg: my sister-in-laws brother.（2） 名词+of+名词表示无生命的东西: the leg of the table, the development of the society, the door of the room. （3）双重所有格: 当of前面的名词有不定冠词，指示代词，不定代词或数词（a, an, this, that, these, those, two, three, four, any, some, several,

4、no, few ,another等）修饰时，用双重所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的。其形式为：名词+of+名词性物主代词，名词+of+名词s. eg: a poem of Lu Xuns. an old photo of my fathers. a friend of mine/his/hers. Which novel of Dickens are you reading? some friends of my brothers. （4）几种特殊情况: the key to the door. answers to the question. the entrance to

5、 the station / cinema. tickets for the movie. a check for $1500. 7.随堂习题训练。（ ）1. There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. 广东省 A. news B. ideas C. messages D. Thoughts （ ）2. My uncle will come to my house for dinner. I want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him.济宁 A. meat B. tomatoe

6、s C. apple juice（ )3. The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. 重庆 A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers ( )4. At night the Koala bear gets up and eats_.广元 A. 1eaf B. 1eaves C. leafs ( )5. The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident.济南 A. childrens B. children C. ch

7、ild D. childs( )6. Come on, children. Help yourselves to some_ if you like. 南通 A. fish and chicken B. fishes and chicken C. fish and chickens D. fishes and chickens( )7. All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th, because it was their own holiday. 重庆 A. man B. men C. woman D. Women( )8. Mr Sm

8、ith always has _to tell us. 青岛 A. some good pieces of newsB. some pieces of good news C. some good piece of newes D. some piece of good newes ( )9. Would you like to have a look at some pants? They may fit you well. 一Well, Id like to try those blue_.黄冈 A. pairs B. one C. pant D. pair( )10. Would you

9、 like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes, , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange( )11. exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. 黄冈 A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the ( )12. _fathers are both scientists. 咸宁 A. Jims and Bob B

10、. Jims and Bobs C. Jim and Bobs D. Jim and Bob( )13. _room is big and brightThey like it very much. 河北 A. Tom and Sam B. Toms find Sam C. Tom and Sams D. Toms and Sams( )14. Hows Joys skirt?Her skirt is more beautiful than . 兰州 A. her sisters and Kate B. her sister and Kate C. her sister and Kates D

11、. her sisters and Kates( )15. Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? No, its about _.（浙江宁波） A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes walk D. 7 minutes walk( )16. Come and see me in . With pleasureThats what Im expecting. 哈尔滨 A. two or three days B. two or three days time C. two or three

12、 days time( )17. Im going on holiday on the 12th. I have to be back at work on the 26th. So Ive got two_ holiday. 临沂 A. weeks B. weeks C. weeks D. week( )18. Studying in a foreign country is a different _and you can learn a lot. 盐城 A. event B. exercise C. experience D. exhibition( )19. -Would you li

13、ke some_? -No, thank you. Im not hungry at all. 陕西省 A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee( )20. Its common _that the Japanese eat Sushi. 沈阳 A. information B. knowledge C. direction D. instruction( )21. The thing that _is not whether you fan or not，but whether you try or not. 苏州 A. minds B. cares C. mat

14、ters D. considers( )22. I dont know how to use this machine 一It doesnt matterHere is the_. 江西 A. instruction B. direction C. information D. advertisement( )23. What do you know about_? Line drawings that show how something works. 沈阳 A. pictures B. diagrams C.programs D.paintings( )24. -Look, the tal

15、l building looks very modern. -Yes, and there is a garden on its _. A garden in the air! 河南省 A. top B. ground C. side D. Floor( )25. 一How can I tell one tree from another? 一You can mostly tell them by the _of their leaves. 武汉市 A. shape B. size C. age D. color( )26. -Oh! There isnt enough _ for us in

16、 the bus. -No hurry. Lets wait for the next. 昆明市 A. place B. land C. room D. floor( )27. 0ur school held an activity called “Recommend Books to Your Teachers”. The students made a _of 1 000 books. 淄博 A. note B. 1ine C. menu D. 1ist专项训练题目集合一、基础题。（一）根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1. Weve got a lot of new _ (

17、杂志) in our school library.2. Yesterday the (航班) to London was put off because of the bad weather.3. Autumn is my favourite (季节). 4. -How many _ (小刀) do you have? -Three.5. -Does this piece of (音乐) sound nice? -Yes. Its wonderful!6.We should give our (生命）for our country. 7. He told the doctor that he

18、 had a bad _（头疼).8. One of the ( 科学家 ) comes from America.9.Today is March 8 th, It s （妇女）Day. 10. The students are (外国人).11.Whatareyougoingtodoinyour (两个月的)holiday?12. Can you find the (区别) between the two words.13.Do you know the (重要性) of the problem?14.There are (千）of students in that big school.

19、 （二）选择最佳答案。( ) 1. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor( ) 2. There are many on the mountain. A. apple tree B. apples trees C. apples tree D. apple trees ( ) 3. This is _bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane

20、 B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes( ) 4. -Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep( ) 5. -What would you like to drink, _ or orange? -Orange, please. A. hamburger B. chip C. tea D. cakes( ) 6. - They are thirsty. Will you please giv

21、e them _ ? - Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters( ) 7. Mike hurt one of his _in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear( ) 8. There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears( ) 9. There are m

22、any _ in the city. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans( ) 10. The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch( ) 11. The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths( ) 12. -Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. -But I think we

23、should let _go out first. A. woman and children B. women and child C. woman and child D. women and children( ) 13. Are they going to have a party on _ ? A. Childrens Day B. Childrenss Day C. Childrens Day D. Children Day( ) 14. His father went to his doctor for _about his trouble. A. an advice B.som

24、e advice C. advices D. the advices( ) 15. Swimming is _in summer. A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun ( ) 16. Is there _on that plate? A.some chicken B.any chicken C.some chickens D.any chickens二、提高题。（一）根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1. Please close the w_. Its cold outside.2. If you want st

25、udy English well, you must pay attention to your p_.3. A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.4. Zhang Hui is very excited. He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival. 5. At the a_ of seven, the lonely girl had to work to make living.6. Health is more important to me than

26、m_.（二）选择最佳答案。 ( )1. In the streets there are_ of different colors and sizes. A. taxi B. the taxi C. the taxis D. taxis ( )2. These girls will become_. when they graduate from the medical college. A. woman doctors B. womens doctors C. women doctors D. the women doctors ( )3. Usually_ are very careful

27、 in doing exercises. A. girl students B. girls students C. girls students D. girls students ( )4. The waitress brought us_. A. glasses of juices B. glasses of juice C. glass of juices D. glass of juice ( )5. The news reporter has collected_ about the private schools in the city. A. lots of informati

28、ons B. a lot of information C. much of information D. many informations( )6. This is. to students of English. A. a useful advice B. useful advice C. one of useful advices D. a piece of useful advice( )7. It was freezing cold outside, so we made. in the office. A. fire B. the fire C. a fire D. some f

29、ire( )8. We need plenty of _ and fresh _. A. the sun, airs B. suns, airs C. suns, air D. sun, air( )9. They were happy with their_ in their studies. A. great progresses B. great progress C. many progresses D. lot of progress( )10. Finally Billy got _ as a waiter in a caf. A. a job B. a piece of job

30、C. a work D. a piece of works( )11. Sorry, my husband is not in. Would you leave a message? All right. Please give me _. A. a few papers B. some pieces of papers C. some paper D. a paper( )12. The schoolboys had _ climbing up to the top of the hills. A. a good time B. good time C. good times D. the

31、good time( )13. He took down _ while he was listening to radio English. A. several news B. a number of news C. a few pieces of news D. some of news( )14. Lets sit down on _ and rest for a while. A. the grass B. the grasses C. grass D. grasses( )15. The ship Titanic went down into the sea and thousan

32、ds of _were lost. A. lifes B. lives C. life D. the lives( )16. Many thanks indeed. Its_. A. pleasure B. a pleasure C. the pleasure D. great pleasure( )17. Its about _ to the zoo. A. two hours ride B. two hours ride C. two-hours ride D. two-hour-ride( )18. Wei Wei showed me . A. some stamps of him B.

33、 the stamps of his C. some his stamps D. some stamps of his( )19. He left his motorcycle outside _ and went in. A. the doctor B. a doctor C. doctors D. the doctors( )20. Do you know whose this umbrella is? It may be_. A. Susan B. the Susan C. the Susans D. Susans( )21. Id like to have one of that_.

34、A. writers books B. writers book C. writer books D. writers books( )22. Bob dropped_ of milk on the ground and cut his finger on some broken_. A. a glass, glass B. a glass, glasses C. the glass, glasses D. glass, glass( )23. We were walking along the street when an_ came up to us and asked whether w

35、e were . A. English, Chinese B. Englishman, Chineses C. Englishman, Chinese D. Englishman, a Chinese( )24. _ telephoned this morning. A. My father friend B. A friend of my father C. A friend of my fathers D. One of my fathers friend( )25. She looked at herself in the mirror and brushed _ A. her hair

36、 B. the hair C. her hairs D. the hairs( )26. These people are_, and those people are_. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, Germans C. Japaneses, Germen D. Japanese, Germans( )27. My sister was interested in_. A. stories of children B. children stories C. childrens stories D. childrens stories( )28. I

37、wonder how many_ I should pay for the service. A. dollars B. money C. cent D. moneys( )29. On the farm we saw a lot of ._ A. cow and sheep B. cows and sheeps C. cow and sheeps D. cows and sheep( )30. About 120 _ were at the lecture and each_ new book by the speaker. A. people, people B. persons, peo

38、ple C. people, person D. person, person( )31. We often go to Shanghai Library _. A. on Sunday afternoons B. in Sunday afternoon C. on Sundays afternoon D. in Sunday afternoons( )32. The church across the street has _. A. 800 years history B. a history of 800 years C. 800-year history D. the 800 years history( )33. I wish you_. The same to you. A. the pleasant journey B. pleasant journey C. pleasant journeys D. a pleasant journey .( )34. Billy, take off your _. Lets have on your eyesight. A. glass, a check-up B. glasses, check-up C. glasses