2010年全国各地高考英语完形填空题分类解析(二)

1、2010 年全国各地高考英语完形填空题分类解析 （二 ）八、语言学习（12）（2010 辽宁卷 ）When I first entered university, my aunt, whois an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was 1to see that it was an English dictionary, also known as amonolingual dictionary. Although it was a dictionary intended fornon-native learner

2、s, none of my classmates had one but, to behonest, I found it extremely 2 to use at first. I would look up words inthe dictionary and still not fully understand the meaning. I was usedto the 3 bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are 4 both inEnglish and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt5

3、 to makethings so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at universityfor three years, I 6 that monolingual dictionaries are 7 in learning aforeign languageAs I found out, there is in fact often no perfect equivalence（对应）between two 8 in two language. My aunt even goes so far as to9 that a Ch

4、inese“equivalent ” can never give you the 10 meaningof a word in English!11 , she insisted that I read the definition（ 定2010 年全国各地高考英语完形填空题分类解析 （二 ）义） of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get abetter understanding of itsmeaning.12, I have come to see what she meant.Using a monoling

5、ual dictionary for learners has helped me inanother important way. This dictionary uses a(n) 13 number of words,around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am14exposed to( 接触 )the basic words and learn how they are used toexplain objects and ideas. 15 this, I can express myse

6、lf more easily inEnglish.1. A. worried B. sadC. surprised D. nervous2. A. difficult B. interestingC. ambiguous D. practical3. A. new B. familiarC. earlierD. ordinary4. A. explained B. expressedC. described D. created5. A. offered B. agreedC. decided D. happened6. A. imagine B. recommendC. predict D.

7、 understand7. A. natural B. betterC. easier D. convenient8. A. words B. namesC. ideas D. characters9. A. hope B. declareC. doubt D. tell10. A. exact B. basicC. translated D. expected11. A. Rather B. HoweverC. Therefore D. Instead12. A. Largely B. GenerallyC. Gradually D. Probably13. A. extra B. aver

8、ageC. total D. limited14. A. repeatedly B. nearlyC. immediately D. anxiously15. A. According to B. In relation toC. In addition to D. Because of答案与解析 本篇文章为记叙文。作者主要描写自己从最初接触英英 词典的惊异到习惯使用英英词典 ,以及使用英英词典的好处。1. C 通读全文可知 ,作者是一个中国大学生 ,中国人学英 语,尤其是初学者习惯使用英汉词典。 当作者看到英英词典的 时候,他感到“吃惊” 。2. A 最初用英英词典不习惯 ,所以作者感觉用起

9、来 “很难(difficult) ”。3. B 固定搭配 be used to 表示“习惯”，对作者来说 习惯了双语词典 ,或者说是英汉词典。 这里指双语词典的使用 对他来说是熟悉的。4. A 此句是一个 in which 引导的定语从句 ,其中 words 是主语 ,根据常识在词典中单词的意思是被“解释”出 来的 ,所以用explained 。5. C 我真想知道我姑妈为什么决定这么为难我。6. D 过去不理解 ,经过一段时间后 “, 明白了 (understand) ”imagine 是“想象”的意思 ;recommend 是“推荐”的意思 ;predict是“预测”的意思。7. B 此句

10、中 monolingual dictionaries 和 bilingual dictionaries 比较,A 和 D 项没用比较级，better 强调更好，更实用，而 easier 则不可能。8. A 词典上重点的内容应该是单词。9. B 我姑妈甚至还声称汉语意思决不能给出一个英语 单词的确切意思。10. A 前面的 a Chinese equivalent 和 the meaning of a word inEnglish 对应 ,所表明还是对应不准确的问题 , 所以用 exact。11. C 此空后面的句子和前面表示的是一种“因果”关系,所以用 therefore 。12. C 该句的

11、谓语 have come to see 是表示“变化过程” , 所以用 gradually 表示“渐渐地” 。13. D 从后面的 around 2,000 可知词典中用于解释词义 的词是限制在 2,000 左右。14. A 在有限的范围内 ,查阅阅读释义的话 ,就会反复接 触基本词汇、学会这些词汇怎样用来解释事物和观点,所以用repeatedly 表示“反复地 ,经常地”。15. D 后面主句部分 I can express myself more easily in English表达的是结果，此处表达的应该是原因，说明使用这种 词典所带来的好处。(13)(2010 福建卷 )Born i

12、n America, I spoke English, not Chinese,the language of my ancestors. When I was three, my parents flashedcards with Chinese 1 at my face, but I pushed them aside. My mombelieved I would learn when I was ready. But the 2 never came.On a Chinese New Year s Eve, my uncle spoke to me inChinese, but all

13、 I could do was 3 at him, confused, scratching myhead“. Still cant speak Chinese?”He 4 me“, You cant even buya fish in Chinatown.”“Hey, this is America, not China. Ill get some right now with orwithout Chinese. ”I replied and turned to my mom for 5.“ Remember to ask for fresh fish, Xin Xian Yu,” she

14、 said,handing over a $20 bill. I 6 the words, running downstairs into thestreets of Chinatown.I found the fish 7 surrounded in a sea of customers. “ I d liketo buy some fresh fish, ” I shouted to the fishman. But he 8 myEnglish words and turned to serve the next customer. The laugh ofthe people behi

15、nd increased with their impatience. With every 9 , thebreath of the dragons（ 龙 ）on my back grew stronger my bloodboiling 10 me to cry out, “ Xian Sheng Yu,please”. “ Very XianSheng,” I repeated. The crowd erupted into laughter. My face turned11and I ran back home12expect for the $20 bill I held tigh

16、tly in mypocket.Should I laugh or cry? They re Chinese. I m Chinese. I shouldfeel right at 13. Instead, I was the joke, a disgrace（ 丢 脸 ）to thelanguage.Sometimes, I laugh at my fish 14,but, in the end, the joke is onme. Every laugh is a culture15 ; every laugh is my heritage（传统fading away.1. A. cust

17、om B. gamesC. characters . D. language2. A. success B. studyC. time D. attempt3. A. aim B. jokeC. nod D. stare4. A. cared about B. laughed atC. argued with D. asked after5. A. decision B. permissionC. information D. preparation6. A. repeated B. reviewedC. spelled D. kept7. A. farm B. standC. pond D.

18、 market8. A. guessed B. forgotC. doubted D. ignored9. A. second B. effortC. desire D. movement10. A. forcing B. allowingC. persuading D. leading11. A. bright B. blankC. pale D. red12. A. open-mouthed B. tongue-tiedC. empty-handedD. broken-hearted13. A. service B. homeC. risk D. root14. A. trade B. d

19、eedC. challenge D. incident15. A. thrown B. lostC. divided D. reflected答案与解析 本篇文章为记叙文。 “我”长在美国 ,已熟悉英语 ,但身为 中国人 ,因为没有学习汉语而导致了去唐人街买鱼的尴尬 ,这 让我明白了一个道理 :“笑话”反映的是一种文化的缺失,我们不应该让文化丢失。1. C 根据本段第一句中 the language of my ancestors 可 知,这里指父母在我面前亮出有汉字的卡片。2. C 由本句中 But 及 never 可知 ,这里强调的是 : 我学习汉 字的时间从来没有来过。3. D 从句中的

20、 confused 可知 ,当叔叔跟我讲汉语的时候 我困惑了 ,不明白了。 因此我只能用我的眼睛盯着我的叔叔看。4. B 由本句中 You can t even buy a fish in Chinatown 可 以推断出 ,叔叔是在嘲笑我。5. B 由下段中母亲说话的内容可知:我希望征得母亲的许可 ,让我去买鱼。由语境可知 ,应为母亲的许可比较合适。6. A 由上句母亲话中的 Xin Xian Yu 及我没有学习汉语可以推断出 :我为了防止忘掉要买的东西的名字,而不断重复着母亲的话。7. B 分析句子结构可知 :我发现鱼摊被很多顾客围着。8. D 从第二段中 You can t even b

21、uy a fish in Chinatown 及本句中 turnedto serve the next customer 可知 ,这个卖鱼人 没有在意我说的话 ,即无视 ,不理睬。9. A 由本段的第三句中 turned to serve the next customer 及本句中 thebreath of the dragon on my back grew stronger 可知 ,当我再一次问的时候 ,我生气了。 second 表示 “再一”的意思。10. A 由本句中 my blood boiling 可知 ,我被激怒了 ,因此 我强迫自己大声喊出我要买的东西。11. D 上句中 T

22、he crowd erupted into laughter 可知 ,因为 我说错了汉语而引来了大家的哄堂大笑,这让我十分难堪 ,故我的脸变红了。12. C 上段中母亲让我买 Xin Xian Yu 及由本句中 expect for the $20 bill 可知 ,我没有买到鱼 ,而是空着手回家的。13. B 由本段中 Theyre Chinese. Im Chinese 可知 ,同为 中国人 ,我应该感到自在、 自如才对。这与后面的 Instead, I was the joke . 形成对比。14. D 根据本句中 I laugh at 可知 ,作者时常以自己买鱼的 那件小事自嘲。15.

23、 B 分析句子结构可知 ,该空应与 fading away 意思相近。九、社会(14)(2010 广东卷 )Every country has its own culture. Even though each countryuses doors. Doors may have1functions and purposes which lead to2 differences.When I first came to America, I noticed that a public building had twodifferent 3 and they had distinct functi

24、ons. You have to 4 the door with the word“ PUSH” to go out of thebuilding and to pull the door with the word“ PULL” to 5 thebuilding. This was new to me, because we use the 6 door in south Korea. Forquite a few times I 7 to go out of a shopping centre and was embarrassed.The way of using school bus

25、doors was also 8 to me. I used to take theschool bus to9. The school decided that when the driver opened both the 10andback doors, 11 who were getting off the bus should get off first, and students whowere getting on should get on12. In south Korea, we do not need to wait forpeople to 13. One mornin

26、g, I hurried to the bus, and when the bus doors opened,I 14 tried to get on the school bus through the front door. All the students aroundlooked at me, I was totally 15, and my face went red.1. A. different B. importantC. practical D. unusual2. A. national B. embarrassingC. cultural D. amazing3. A.

27、exits B. entrancesC. signs D. doors4. A. move B. pushC. pull D. knock5. A. enter B. leaveC. open D. close6. A. main B. sameC. front D. back7. A. managed B. succeededC. failed D. tried8. A. annoying B. hardC. satisfying D. strange9. A. classes B. homeC. building D. door10. A. left B. rightC. inside D

28、. front11. A. parents B. studentsC. teachers D. drivers12. A. sooner B. laterC. faster D. earlier13. A. get on B. get backC. get in D. get off14. A. politely B. patientlyC. unconsciously D. slowly15. A. embarrassed B. annoyedC. unsatisfied D. excited答案与解析 本篇文章为说明文。 本文主要讲不同国家门的不同功能 以及使用门的不同方式。1. A 从本

29、句的后半句得知。2. C 根据文章首段提示可知 ,门的功能不同导致了文化 差异。3. D 根据全文主旨和下一句得知 ,此处肯定是讲“门” 。4. B 根据后面的 with the word“PUSH得知。5. A 与 go out of 相对应的显然是 enter。6. B 与前面第 3 题的 different doors 相反的是 the same door。7. C 从后面的 was embarrassed 得知作者没能走出购物 中心。8. D 根据第三段内容得知 ,公共建筑门的使用方式不同使作者感到尴尬。 因此 ,这里的巴士门对作者来说也是陌生的。9. A 坐校巴当然是去上课了。10.

30、 D 与 back 相对应的是 front 。11. B 由下文的 and students who were getting on should get on. 可推知。12. B 与前面的 first 相对 ,即要先下后上。13. D 在韩国不必等乘客下车 (get off) 后便可以上车。14. C 由上文 “ In south Korea, we do not need to wait for people toget off ” 可知作者在生活中已经养成了习惯 ,由生 活常识知道 ,到美国后 ,就无意识地遵循以往的习惯 ,就“无意 识地”上车了。15. A 从下文的 my face

31、went red 可知 ,周围所有的人都 看着自己 ,当然“感到尴尬”了。(15)(2010 天津卷 )Robert Moody, 52, is an experienced police officer.Much of his work involves dealing with 1 and gang ( 团 伙 )problems in theschools of his community. Knowing that many kids often2 trouble, he decided to do something about it. So in 491 he began toin

32、vite small groups of kids to go fishing with him on his day off.Those fun trips had a(n)3 impact. A chance encounter in 500 provedthat. One day, while working security at a school basketball game, Moodynoticed two young guys 4. He sensed trouble between them. 5one of them headed toward Moody and gav

33、e him a hug.“ I6 you. You took me 7 when I wasin fifth grade. That was one of the 8 days ofmy life . ”Deeply touched by the boy s words, Moody decided to create a foundation（ 基金会 ）that 9 teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “ Asa policeman, I saw where there was violence, drugs we

34、re always behind it. Theyhave a damaging 10 on the kids, ” says Moody.By turning kids on to fishing, he 11 to present an alternative way of life,“When you re sitting there waiting for a bite, ” he says, “you cant help buttalk to each other, and such 12 can be pretty deep. ”“ Talking about drugs help

35、ed prepare me for the peer（ 同龄 人pressuresin high school, ” says Michelle, who13 the first program. “And I was able tohelp my little brother avoid drugs. ”Moody faces 14 in three years, when he hopes to run the foundationfull-time. ” Im living a happy life and I have a responsibility to my 15 to give

36、back,” Moody says. “If I teackid to fish today, he can teach his brother to fish tomorrow.1. A. drinking B. drugC. security D. smoking2. A. ran into B. got overC. left behind D. looked into3. A. immediate B. damagingC. limited D. lasting4. A. quarreling B. complaining C. talking D. cheering5. A. Slo

37、wly B. SuddenlyC. Finally D. Secretly6. A. understand B. hearC. see D. remember7. A. fishing B. sailingC. boating D. swimming8. A. quietest B. longestC. best D. busiest9. A. connects B. introducesC. reduces D. commits10. A. impression B. burdenC. decision D. impact11. A. asked B. intendedC. pretende

38、d D. agreed12. A. concerns B. interestsC. conversations D. emotions13. A. participated in B. worked outC. approved of D. made up14. A. unemployment B. challengeC. competition D. retirement15. A. team B. schoolC. family D. community答案与解析 本篇文章夹叙夹议。 本文主要介绍了 Robert Moody 警官 极具影响的钓鱼教育法 ,对青年人的教导很有帮助。1. B

39、根据下文的 drugs were always behind it 和 Talking about drugshelped prepare me for the peer（ 同龄人 ）pressures in high school 可以确定 ,此处是指“毒品 , 吸毒”。2. A 由空格后的 trouble 和句意可知 ,此处是指“很多小 孩陷入困境之中” 。3. D 通过下文的例子 ,可以看出 Robert Moody 警官的钓 鱼教育法有着“持久的”影响。4. A 从下文的 He sensed trouble between them. 可以判 断 ,那两个人是在“吵架” 。5. B 在

40、 Robert Moody 警官意识到要出乱子的时候 ,“突然”发生了下面的事情。 对 Robert Moody 警官来说有点意外6. D 因为下文提到是五年级带着去钓鱼 ,所以用remember 比较恰当。7. A 带着去钓鱼。8. C 既然记得那么清楚 ,说明那天对他来说很重要 ,所以 用 best 。9. B 把青少年引导过来。10. D have an impact on 是一个固定短语，意思是“对.有影响”。11. B By turning kids on to fishing 是方式 ,表示意图 ,用 intended 合适。12. C 与前面的 talk to each othe

41、r 意义一致。13. A participated in 是“加入 ,参加”的意思 ;worked out 的意思是“解出，制定,锻炼”等;approved of 是“赞同” ;made up 是“编造 ,组成”。14. D 根据后面的 when he hopes to run the foundationfull-time 说明他不做工作才能全职管理基金,因此可判断是三年后退休。15. D 第一段中提到 his community 。十、文学与艺术（16）（2010 上海卷 ）The first attempt of even the most talented artists,musici

42、ans, and writers is seldom a masterpiece. If you consider your draftsas dress rehearsals （彩排 ）, or tryouts, revising will seem a natural part ofthe writing 1.What is the 2 of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews thatmany Broadway shows go through? The answer is adding, deleting,replacin

43、g, reordering, in other words revising. Andrew Lloyd Webber smusical Phantom of the Opera underwent such a process.When Lloyd Webber began writing in 1984, he had in mind a funny,exciting production. However, when Phantom opened in London in 1986,the audience saw a moving psychological love story se

44、t to music. Themusical had 3 several revisions due, in part, to problems with costuming andmakeup （ 戏服和化妆 ）. For instance, Lloyd Webber 4 some of the musicbecause the Phantom s makeup prevented the actor from singing certainsounds.When you revise, you change aspects of your work in 5 to yourevolving

45、 purpose, or to include 6 ideas or newly discovered information.Revision is not just an afterthought that gets only as much time as youhave at the end of an assignment.7 , it is a major stage of the writing process,and writers revise every step of the way. Even your decision to 8. topicswhile prewri

46、ting is a type of revising. However. don t make the mistake ofskipping the revision stage that follows 9. Always make time to become yourown10 and view your dress rehearsal, so to speak. Reviewing yourwork in this way can give you 11 new ideas.Revising involves 12 the effectiveness and appropriatene

47、ss of allaspects of your writing, making your purpose more clearly, and refocusingor developing the facts and ideas you present. When you revise, askyourself the following questions, keeping in mind the audience for whom youare writing: Is my main idea or purpose 13 throughout my draft? Do I everlos

48、e sight of my purpose? Have I given my readers all of the 14 that is, facts,opinions, inferences that they need in order to understandmy main idea? Finally, have I included too many 15 details that may confusereaders?1. A. technique B. styleC. process D. career2. A. time B. methodC. order D. purpose

49、3. A. undergone B. skippedC. rejected D. replaced4. A. rewrote B. releasedC. recorded D. reserved5. A. addition B. responseC. opposition D. contrast6. A. fixed B. ambitiousC. familiar D. fresh7. A. However B. MoreoverC. Instead D. Therefore8. A. discuss B. switchC. exhaust D. cover9. A. drafting B.

50、rearrangingC. performing D. training10. A. director B. masterC. audience D. visitor11. A. personal B. valuableC. basic D. delicate12. A. mixing B. weakeningC. maintaining D. assessing13. A. amazing B. brightC. unique D. clear14. A. angles B. evidenceC. information D. hints15. A. unnecessary B. unint

51、erestingC. concrete D. final答案与解析 本篇文章为说明文。修改是作品写作过程中非常重要且必须的步骤 ,文章讲叙了作品修改的目的和途径。1. C 根据下文的“ Andrew Lloyd Webber s musical Phantom of theOpera underwent such a process. ”和“ However. don t make themistake of skipping the revision stage. ”得知。2. D 由本段的第二句“ The answer is adding, deleting, replacing,reor

52、dering, in other words revising. ”可得知这些是 彩排的目的。3. A 人们观看的是完美的表演 ,但表演之前作品经历了 （undergo）多次修改,与上段的 “ Andrew Lloyd Webbers musical Phantom of the Operaunderwent such a process. ”对应。4. A 动词 rewrite 表示“重写、修改” ,与动词 revise 同 义,与本文话题相关。5. B 介词短语 in response to “作为对.的反应”，在本句表示“你修改作品是对你想改进作品目的的一种回应” 。6. D 根据后面的

53、 newly discovered information 可知。7. B 副词 Moreover（ 而且）与 but also 类似 ,表递进含义 , 与前面 notjust（only） 呼应。8. B switch topics（变换标题）属于修改作品的一部分。9. D 名词 training （培训）在本句表示“排练”，与上文 dress rehearsals/ tryouts 同义。10. C 名词 audience（ 观众 ）与下句 view your dress rehearsal 对应。11. B 形容词 valuable 表示“做自己作品的观众能给你有 价值的新信息” 。12.

54、 A 动词 mix 在本句表示“修改就是把作品所有方面 的有效性和适当性融合在一起” 。13. D形容词 clear在本句表示“我的文章大意或写作意 图是否清晰”。14. C 后句名称 facts,opinions,inferences 都属于 information 。15. A 形容词 unnecessary details 表示“多余的信息”反 而使读者困惑 ,误导读者。（17）（2010 重庆卷 ） Introduction to Letters to SamDear Reader,Please allow me to tell you something before you rea

55、d this book. Whenmy1,Sam, was born, my heart was filled with joy. I had been sitting in awheelchair for 20 years before then, and I have been2 ill many times. So I wondered if I would have the time to tell Samwhat I had3.For years I have been hosting a program on the4andwriting articles for a magazi

56、ne.Being unable to move freely, I have learned to sitstill and keep my heart 5, exchanging thoughts with thousands of listeners and 6.So when Sam was born, I 7 to tell him about school and friendship, romance andwork, love and everything else. Thats how I started to writethese8 . I hope that Sam wou

57、ld 9 them sooner or later.However, that expectation 10 when Sam showed signs of autism（ 自闭症 ）at the age of two. He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of thesigns. He 11 to communicate with others, even the family members. That was 12for me but didn t stop me writing on. I realized that I had even more now to tellhim. I wanted him to13 what it mea