短文改错知识点总结

1、短文改错知识点总结短文改错测试点一.语法主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词 .冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句 .并列句和复合句，以及倒 装.省略句等。二.是在行文逻辑方面，主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等.错误类型1 .冠词的多用、少用和误用2 .名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用3 .代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当4 .主谓不一致的错误5 .动词的时态和语态的误用6 .非谓语动词的误用7 .形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用8关联词和平行结构的

2、误用9 .固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用10 .冗词的多用设错方式一'、动词形1 .动词的时态和语态错误2 .主、谓不一致的错误3 .谓语与非谓语误用4.非谓语动词的误用动词置于句首? 首先看有没有并列连词and /or /otherwise,有就考虑是祈使句? 没有，就考虑非谓语动词? 再看有没有（,），有就考虑分词作状语，没有就考虑动名词/不定式作主语例 Review what happened in the past helps me succeed in the future.Reviewing常接不定式的形容词?beglad to do?beeager to do?beanx

3、ious to?beready to do及物动词后有by, in, with , to? 先辨是谓语还是非谓语，考虑被动语态和过去分词? be located /situated in 位于? be absorbed in被吸引/专心于? be involved in参与/牵涉到/专心于?be lost in沉迷于?be mixed with 与混合?be covered with 为覆盖?be lined with 排列?be surrounded with 环绕?be faced with 面临?be combined with 联合?be connected with 联系? be c

4、ompared to /with 与相比?be addicted to 沉迷于?be related to 与有关系无被动语态的动词?不及物动词没被动语态，不接宾语，非谓语动词常用ing? happen /take place /occur? lie /exist? date from /back to?belong to?consist of? die? sound /look /feel /taste /smell练习1.1 moved by their encouraging words and I studied even harder. was2.Facing with many p

5、roblems, the new government is having a hard time. Facted3.Bury in his work, Tom didn ' t notice me enter the room. Buried4.Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, our large fully-equipped Locatedapartment meets all their needs.5.We were driving in the country when the car stop_working.s

6、topped6.Mary ,as well as her sisters study Chinese in China. studies7.I saw the boys played games on the bank of the lake when I passed. playing8.I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the seeingchanging colors of the leaves on the trees.9.Why you think so many peopl

7、e still suffer from poverty now?A主谓一致? 动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语? many /many a? The number of 与 A number of? some /the rest /分数 /百分数 + n? not only - but also /either - or /neither - nor只能使用过去时的时间状语? last week /year /night? just now? the other day? in the past? yesterday例 Last Saturday, our school had organize

8、d all of the Senior I students to visit the children at a local orphanage、名词数? 可数与不可数、单复数错用? 名词的格的误用? 前后修饰语的误用? 名词前冠词的误用 不可数名词前的修饰语? 只能接不可数：little, much, a great deal of, a great /large amount of? 接可数与不可数：some, any, a lot of /lots of? a piece of必须接复数的修饰语many few? a large /great number of? large /gre

9、at numbers of? these? those? several例 The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish. dishes? baggage /luggage 行李? damage 损害? furniture 家具? equipment 设备? weather 天气? money金钱? change 零钱? experience 经验? advice 忠告? information 信息? news消息? knowledge 知识? work工作? homework

10、家庭作业? progress 进步food食物? juice饮料? cloth 布? clothing衣月艮? paper 纸? sand 沙? wood木头? bread面包? beer啤酒? wine葡萄酒? coffee 咖啡? tea 茶? milk牛奶? water 水? do damage /harm /good to? get /be close to nature? protect the environment? send sth into space? the universe? make progressof +抽象名词? importance? significance

11、? value? help? use? interest? have /find /feel interest in? with pleasure /joy /delight?be in trouble /difficulty?be in danger?with difficulty?in surprise /anger?take pride in例 Apart from the convenient public transportation, our own car can also take them to some nearby places of erest

12、抽象名词具体化?danger（危险）一 a danger（一件危险的事或一个危险的人）? experience 经验an experience 一次经历? failure失败一 a failure一位失败者，一件失败的事? success成功一 a success一位成功者，一件成功的事? knowledge 知识一 a good knowledge 对精通/熟知? surprise惊奇一 a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事? pleasure快乐 a pleasure 一件愉快的事例 He was a complete failure as a teacher, but he has m

13、ade great success of his business. 必须用复数? make friends /enemies with? one of my friends? in public places必须用单数? have a good command /knowledge of特殊名词的修饰语? price /cost? sth? population? number? high /low? cheap /expensive? large /small? （many 错）不带冠词的名词? go to school? at school? go to church? at churc

14、h? send sb to hospital? in hospital? throw /put sb in prison? in prison? work in a school /a hospital /a prison? go to the school /the hospital to see sb?have lunch /breakfast /supper?have /find /feel interest in? to one ' s surprise /joy /delighta & an? an houran honest man a university stu

15、dent a one-year-old boy a useful book练习1 .We can find a lot of informations on the Internet. information2 .Different people speak different language. languages3 .The man is a friend of my father father ' s4.I won ' t take this jacket, for its price is very expensive.high5 .When a child is fi

16、ve in England or Wales, his parents must send him to the school .6 .After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened .an7 .An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784 .a8 .I gained so much confidence that I went back to school as new pers

17、on .Aa9.With coming of spring, grass and trees turn green . the三、形容词和副词看修饰语?形容词和副词的误用?原级，比较级和最高级的误用。? 形容词（作定语）修饰名词? 系动词+形容词（作表语）? 副词（作状语）修饰 形容词/副词? 副词（作状语）修饰 动词? 副词（作状语）修饰 整个句子半系动词?状态保持： keep, remain, stay, lie, stand? 结果是，证明是：prove, turn out?感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look?似乎好像：seem, appear?状

18、态变化： become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.练习1.I' m sure we' ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful2.He knows me so good that he can recognize my foot steps. well3.This river isn' t as longer as that one.long常见评注状语? fortunately幸运的是? unfortunately 不幸的是? luckily幸运的是? unlucki

19、ly不幸的是? generally /honestly /frankly speaking 一 般/老实/坦率地说? more /most importantly 更/最重要的是? worse still /what ' s worse 更糟糕的是?词性错误：评注状语该用副词，错点用形容词；? 意义错误：评注状语表达了对自己要说的话的态度，错点用与后文意义不一致的副 词练习1 .Fortunate , there are too many people in my family.Unfortunately2 .Luck enough, I have caring teachers an

20、d friendly classmates.Luckily3 .But most important, public awareness of sharing and caring is to be further importantlyPromoted.adj. &advadj. &adv.adv.deepdeeplywidewidelyhighhighly具体的可以测量的抽象的小口测量的l.wide /widely? the wide use of computers (adj.)? be widely used /accepted? open your eyes /mou

21、th /the door wide2 .high /highly? sing high praise for(adj.)? fly /jump /climb high? sing high and clearly? speak /think highly of? praise sb highly? highly developed /successful3 .deep /deeply? take a deep breath(adj.)? breathe deeply? leave /make /create a deep impression on(adj.)? be deeply impre

22、ssed?study sth deeply?learn deep into the night? dive deep into the water.比较级常错点?要避免比较级重复使用。?要避免比较级与同级比较混用。?要注意比较级表示最高级中表述的准确。?要注意比较的对象要一致。练习1 .He is morex cleverer than his brother.2 .China is larger than any country in Asia.other4 .Mary ' s spoken Chinese is better than her sister. sister s5 .

23、As a result, we don ' t write as better as we did in the past.well6 .Tom is the most diligent student I have never met.ever6.1 have ever met a more diligent student than Tom. never四、代词?人称代指代要清楚，主格、宾格、名词和形容词性物主代，反身代词。?不定代词的误用及混用.反身代词：放在动词介词之后，作宾语，表示动作作用于主语本身myselfhimselfherselfyourselfourselvesth

24、emselvesyourselves例 1.Only a few students solve their problems all by them.themselves2.I just smiled to me and thought , What can I do ?"myselfI.There are trees on all sides of the road.both2.I think important to learn the computer well.43 .Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to sav

25、e themselves . their4 .And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.weit? 一考it的补全，二考it所代替的成分? find /consider /feel /think /make it 补语 + to do / 从句? love /like /hate /appreciate it when /if? It is + adj /n to do /doing1.I would greatly appreciate if I could have the chance t

26、o host them and make4friends with them.2.What' s more, it is our duty protect our environment. Ao3.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is 入minegoing to Chengdu.五、介词?主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。?介词后面接名词、代词宾格、动名词?不能接that从句和不定式，但可接特殊疑问词引导的从句和不定式介词别忘记?consist of?wait for sb

27、?ask for sth?lie /exist in?date from?date back to?have /find /feel interest in? be interested in? have an effect /influence on? have an attitude to /towards? pay attention to? pay a visit to? focus /concentrate /center on? do damage /harm /good to类似短语、不同介词? in the morning /evening /afternoon? at nig

28、ht? on a rainy /cold morning /night? be proud of不用介词? every day /morning /weekend? next morning /Friday? last week /month /year1.前不能加介词，后不能加when? Each /Every time 从句 每次? The next /The last time 从句 上次 /下次? The moment /The minute /The second /The instant 从句 一就? The first time 从句 第一次2 .及物动词直接接宾语，但受汉语影响

29、，容易错误的加一个介词，这是介词常见的设错 方式? enter sp = get into sp? reach sp = arrive at /in sp = get to sp? lack sth.(vt.)3 .用作名词时可以与 of 连用,譬如 Due to /Because of (a) lack of money, his parents can ' t send him to school. = Because his family lacks money, his parents can ' t send him to school. 练习1.I saw him

30、enter into thexlassroom.2.On the other hand, some food producers lack of social conscience.3.The bus will wait us at the gate of the school.for4.I' m Lihua, a Chinese student take summer courses in your university. I ' mtakingwriting to you to ask help.for5.Before leave the orphanage we took

31、 photos with the children and gave them ourleavingcontact details but we could keep in touch with one another.so5. I' m sorry to occupy your precious time, but I really want to tell you anythingsomethingabout the problem of some people keep too many pets nowadays.keeping注：Of后边接的是动名词复合结构，some peo

32、ple是keeping的逻辑主语六、连词? 并列连词：并列连词连接对等的成分，是找错的关键信号词? 从属连词：连词误用? 连接副词：主语考察上下文理解常见并列连词? as well as 和，也? and? but 强调转折? while强调对比? or或者，否则either - or 要么要么? neithernor既不也不? not only but also并列连词? 并列连词连接对等的成分，在改错中是一个关键的信号词。? 并列连词搭配与意义? Taking everything necessary with you and please get on the bus on time.?

33、 and连接两个并列的祈使句练习1.It will start at 2:00 pm and lasts for about three hours.last注：and连接动词原形置于 will之后2.Doctors say that anger can lead to serious diseases, and that both controlling anger and express anger strongly can be harmful to our health.expressing注：and连接并列的-ing形式作主语3.We can go swimming, playing

34、 ball games or simple take a walk after a day ' Palysimplys study.4.Beautiful and neatly handwriting is beneficial to us students.neat5.Some think online shopping is more convenient and the goods are cheap.cheaper注：And连接两个并列句，在意义上相对。6.It is a fun to walk around stores and looking at various good

35、s on salelook注：It is fun doing /to do都可，但只能改一处，故改后者。并列的不定式to可省略7.Remember: Losing your temper does good to neither you orthe other people. nor8.We should plant trees every year, orwe can have a better life in the future. and/sochildren or9.Fast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especi

36、ally among teenagers.and连词? 考察上下文逻辑关系与连词的正确使用? Though /although 不能与 but 连用? Because /since /as 不能与 so 连用? If不能与and连用? even if /though 即使，甚至? as if /though 似乎，好像? as long as 只要? as soon as一 就? if如果-unless如果不（不要翻译成除非，句中不能有 not）? while当什么时候（从句谓语必须用延续性动词，否则改为when）? be about to do /be doing /had just don

37、e 必须与 when 连用 连接副词? 考察上下文逻辑关系? however 转折? therefore /thus 因果? besides /moreover /furthermore /additionally并歹 U? 连接副词用（，）与主句隔开，改正时也必须改成连接副词，不能改成并列连词或从 属连词。练习1.Hot water is provided for 24 hours, but lifts work day and night.and1 .I thought it was dull to watch a game in which players kicked a ball t

38、o each other. Therefore, my father loves football.however3 .We can choose what we really need and even find a good bargain. However, weBesidescan chat with the shop assistant and acquire a lot of use information.4 .Third, the environment of fast food restaurants is both clean and fort

39、ableTherefore, in terms of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory. However七、情态动词与虚拟语气? 情态动词后接动词原形? 情态动词的意义? 语气的辨别need 与 dare 区另1J情态动词实义动词? 接动词原形?第三人称单数不加 s?否定直接在后边加 not? 疑问提前? 接to do /doing /名词/代词?第三人称单数加s?否定与疑问借助do /does /did虚拟语气：与现在相反： did /were 与过去相反： had doneif条件句：表愿望的句型：? If only（要是就好了，但

40、愿）? would rather（宁愿）? wish（希望）? as if/though（似乎，好像）should doVt+宾语从句N +同位语/表语从句? 建议： suggest, advise, recommend propose? 命令：order, command? 建议：suggestion, advice proposal? 命令：order, command?要求：demand, insist, require, request, urge? 要求：demand,request,requirement练习1 .He feels as if he is floating on a

41、 cloud.were2 .Our suggestion is that you are the first to go.be3.The poor little boy could never able to see or hear again.was4.He mustn ' t have been to Beijing before because he knows nothing about it.can't5.Dare you to tell, your parents about your school records?6.She told him he ought n

42、ot do it.%7.I believe that he wide use of such shopping bags can greatly improves ourimpoveenvironment.八、定语从句? 关系代词和关系副词的误用? 定语从句中的主谓一致?介词 + which /whom?(,)后边不能用that? 多余练习1.I' m Li Hua, chairman of the Students ' Union of No. 8 Middle School which it is close to your university.2 .Katia will

43、 introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to Chinawhomseveral times.3 .He put it in a secret place where I couldn ' t find.which4 .The house which Lu Xun once lived is being repaired now. where5 .I'll never forget the day which I first went to school.when6.I read your e-mail

44、to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me .7.We took many books that was popular among children, as well as many kinds of wereschool supplies and toys.九、名词性从句? 连接代词和连接副词及从属连词的混用考点1:语序?从句都使用陈述句语序考点 2 ： what & that? What是连接代词在句中作主宾表定?That引导一个表事实的句子，that在句中不作成分考点 3: what & which

45、 & whose? What有范围，表示：什么? Which无范围，表示：哪一个? Whose无范围，表示：谁的考点4:同位语从句&定语从句that & which? 先行词差异：跟同位语从句的名词有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, hope, thought,problem, reason等;定语从句的先行词不固定。? 连词差异：同位语从句中只能用that,在句中不担任成分，定语从句中可用that,也可用which ,在从句中作主语，宾语等。考点 5: what & howwhatever & however? What /whatever 修饰名词? How /howev