高中英语英语语法——代词讲解、练习附答案

1、代词()Part 1 人称代词人称代词是表示”我”、”你”、他”、她”、它、”我们”、”你们”、他们”的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。1 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表：单数复数主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthem中文我你他她它我们你们他/她/它们2 人称代词的用法(1)人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格)和宾语(用宾格)：He loves her, but she hates him.(2)人称代词用于 as, than 之后时，可用宾格：“Who is it?” It s me” He gets up earlier than m

2、e. He speaks English as well as her.但是，若 than, as 后的人称代词后跟由动词，则必须用主格：He gets up earlier than I do.(3)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： me too.3 人称代词的排列顺序(1)单数人称代词通常按二三一”排列，即you, he and I：You, he and I are all middle school stude nts.(2)复数人称代词通常按一二三”排列，即we, you and they:We, you and they will all go there.(3)但若用于承担责任或错

3、误等场合，则可把第一人称I 置于其他人称代词之前：I and Tom are to blame.Part 2 物主代词表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。1 物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下:单数复数形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mi neyourhishersitsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他/她/它们的2 物主代词的用法(1)形容词物主代词在句中作定语：I love my cou ntry. Is this your car?(2)名词性的物主代词可用作主语，宾语，表语以及与of连接：Li

4、 Huas bike is red, and yours is gree n.These books are ours.That car is mine, not yours. Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.Part 3 反身代词表示我自己，你自己 他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。1 反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加-self (复数加-selves )构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加-self (复数加-selves )构成。代词()第一人称第二人称第三人称第三人称第三人称单数m

5、yselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselvesthemselves2 反身代词的用法反身代词在句中主要作宾语和同位语，用作同位语时表示强调”本人，自己”：He taught himself En glish.The child himself drew this picture.Part 4 指示代词指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，即用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。主要的有this, that, these, those,其中 this 和that 为单数，these 和 those 为复数。指示

6、代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语。指示代词的用法：1 this 和 that 的用法两者的基本区别是 this 表近指，that 表远指。另外，当要回指上文提到的事情时，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this:She married Jim, and this/that surprised me.1 want to know this-Dose he love her?2 that 和 those 的用法that 和 those 常常用来代替已提到过的名词，以避免重复。The populati on of China is larger tha n that

7、 of Japa n.The ears of a rabbit are Ion ger tha n those of a fox.Part 5 相互代词相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，主要有 each other, one an other,均表示相互”、彼此”。指示代词通常在句中作 宾语与定语，不可作主语。1 each other 主要用于两者之间，one ano ther 主要用于三者或三者以上。但在现代英语中each other 也可指三者或三者以上：They love each other. The three wome n looked at each other/one ano th

8、er.2 相互代词的所有格相互代词的所有格在后面一个词加词尾-s:We didn t know each other s names. They often stay in one another s house.代词（二）Part 6 疑问代词1.疑问代词的概念与形式用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。主要的疑问代词及其功能如下表所示：语法功能形式主语宾 语表语疋语可跟 of 短 语指人主格whoVV宾格whomVV所有格whoseVVVV指物主格which（可指人）VVVV宾格whatVVVVwho, whom 与 whosewho 的意义为“谁”，既可以做单数，也可以指复数。在句中

9、主要做主语和宾语。whom 是 who 的宾格，在句中主要做动词宾语和介词宾语，做动词宾语时 whom 可与 who 互换使用，但作介词宾语时只能用 whom; whose 是 who 的所有格形式，意为“谁的”：Who said that ? Whom are you waiting for?Whom/Who have you chosen to take part in the sports meet? I don t know whose it is.what 与 whichwhich 和 what 都指物。 which 意为“哪一个，哪一些”适用选择范围较小或明确的场合； what 意

10、为“什么” ，用 于选择范文较大或不明确的场合。如指人，其后接名词时只用which 和 what，不用 who：Which color do you like, black or white? What color do you like?Which/What writers do you like?Part 7 不定代词1. 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。英语中的不定代词有：all, every, each one, none, no, both, either, neither, little, a little, few, a few, some, any, many, muc

11、h, other, another 以及由 some,any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词。2. 复合不定代词There is somebody who wants to speak to you.I havent seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.(2) 由 -one 和 -body 构成的不定代词可以互换使用,知识前者较文雅： Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.(3) 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面：Tell us something inter

12、esting.(4) 复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数：Everyone knows this. Everything is ready.(5) no one 与 none 的区另 Uno one 常指代人，只能为可数；而none 可指代人或物，可数、不可数皆可。no one 回答who”，none 回答howmany/much ” , none 可与 of 结构连用：No one in our class failed the math exam.None of them believed his story. How many of you have been to the U

13、SA? None3.both , either 与 neither 的用法(1) both 意思是两者都, either 意思是两者中的任何一个”，neither 意思是两者都不，具体见下表:指人指人指物everyoneeverybodyeverythingsomeonesomebodysomethinganyoneanybodyanythingon onenobodynothing复合不定代词是由(1) some- 类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中,every，some,any- 类不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句：(2) either 在否定句中可表示“也”的意思：He wont go

14、 and I wont go either.(3) either or 不是.就是.;neither nor 既不 也不.:Either you or I am going there tomorrow.Neither dad nor mum is at home today.4.every 禾口 each两者均可表示每一个”，every 侧重从总体上考虑，而each 侧重从隔日方面考虑。(1) each 既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of 短语；而 every 后必须接名词，既不能单独使用，of 短语：Each is good. Each of the stude nts has se

15、e n it.(2) each 指两者或两者以上的每个”，every 指三者或三者以上的每个”：There are trees on each side of the road.(3) every 可受 almost, nearly 等副词的修饰，但 each 不能：Almost every stude nt has read the book.5.other, the other, another 与 others 的区另 U 用法(1) 指单数时。若泛指用another,若特指用 the other(后接单数名词)：Give me ano ther one.Shut the other e

16、ye, please.(2) 指复数时，若泛指用other(后接复数名词)，若特这用 the other(后接复数名词)：There are other ways of doing it? Where are the other stude nts?(3) others 永远表示复数意义，且其后不能再接名词。其意义大致为other+复数名词”，同样地，the others 大致意义为the other+复数名词”：Other people/Others may not thi nk that way.He is cleverer tha n the others/the other stude

17、 nts.(4) an other 般只能表单数，且其后接名词时也只能接单数名词。但是其后若有数次或few 修饰时，则可接复数名词：I shall stay ano ther few mon ths.(5) 与 some 对比使用时，用 others：Some say yes, and others say no.Practice1能词义讎语，与吐 连用或独立便用 时作宾番，与Of 连用或独立使用时作定吾修饰作同位涪时both 两者都谓涪动词用复数枚在动词或介词后复数名词赦在磁或 a 前，系动词 bes 情态动词、助动 词后either 两者1中任何一个谓语动词一殷用单数战在动词或介词后单数名

18、词少用neither 两者都 不 谓语动词一殷用单数啟在动词或介词后单魏茗词少用Bothof mypare ntsaredoctors.Neitherof mypare ntsknowsEnglish.of the two roomswould you like,sir? Neither.也不能后接Which一完成下列表格：Iyoutheymehimherusmyitsmi neyoursitstheirs二根据提示填空：I_ （我）am a teacher. 2_他） ofte n plays basketball after school.3 This is_ （我的）book. That

19、 is_.（他的）4 Please pass_ 我们）the ball.5 This is not my shirt. It s ） 6 My.rUler is 她的 g._ （你的）is short.7 _ （我们）buy a pair of shoes for_ （她）.8 _ （他们的）teacher is good._ 你们的）is good too.9 Our chair is better tha n_（ they）. 10 I will give the prese nts to_（they）.IIThese books are_ （I）, and those are_ （you

20、）.12_ like_ car.我喜欢他们的小汽车。13 Who is there? It s 是谁啊？是我。14 _ are Chi nese. 我们是中国人。15 I want to buy some balloo ns for_ .我想买些气球送给他。三单选1 He is cleverer tha n_. He can do it better tha n_do.A. me, me B. I, me C. me, I D. I, mine2 Look, the chair has lost one of_legs.A. hisB. herC. itsD. it s3 Lily was 9

21、 years old._ was old eno ugh to go to school_.A. She, she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her, she4 I want to finish it_won t ask for help.A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. ourselves5 Jim s watch is much newer than_.A. hers B. sheC. her D. herself6 -Who taught you En glish last year?-Nobody t

22、aught me . I taught_ .A. youB. myself C. herD. me7She is a stude nt,_n ame is Julia.A. itsB. her C. hersD. his8. She gave the erasers to Lucy and_.A. I B. me C. my D. mine9. Thats not_ , it is_. I made it_ .A. ours, mine, myselfB. your, mine, myselfC. yours, her, myselfD. yours, my, myself10 We boug

23、ht_a present, but_ didn t like it.A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves , their D. theirs, theyPractice2一用适当疑问代词填空：1._is your math teacher? 2._ subject is he talking?3. _ went to see the headmaster of the school yesterday?4. For_did he buy a ticket? 5._ do you prefer, rice or bread?二 把下列句子译成英语 :

24、1. 这是谁的自行车？ 2. 哪一支铅笔是你的，蓝的还是红的？ 3. 你在给谁写信？ Practice31. Please tell _ about it if _ doesn t know.A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her2. Is there _ in today s newspaper?A. something importantB. important anythingC. anything importantD. important everything3. Do you know _ dictionary it

25、 is?A. which B. who C. whose D. whom4. I ve two friends. _ of them are at school.A. Both B. Neither C. Each D. All5. We ve lost all our money. _ shall we do?A. How B. What C. Where D. Why6. The fish is delicious. Try and eat _.A. few B. a few C. littleD. a little7. _ do you prefer, milk or orange juice? I dont like _ . I usually drink coffee.A. How; either B. What; neitherC. Which; neither D. Why; either8. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, _ are from the USA.A. the two others B. the other two C. another two D. the both9._ the twins enjoyed _ at the party yest