ReadingSkills阅读技巧

1、Reading SkillsIncreasing Word Power扩大词汇量Words are the bricks to build up any Ian guage. How can we in crease our word power?1. Read Extensively2. Listen and Note.3. Etymology4. Check Un familiar Words5. Solve Crosswords6. Use the Words You LearnPreventing Regression避免回视Regressi on means rereadi ng a

2、 word, phrase, or sentence out of habit and not because of n eed. Sometimes, it is necessary toreread something, especially in a difficult passage. But habitual, unn ecessary regressi on really slows you dow n.To reduce the number of times that the eyes skip back to a previous sentence, run a pointe

3、r along the line as you read. This couldbe a fin ger, or a pen or pen cil. Your eyes will follow the tip of your pointer, smoothing the flow of speed-reading. The speed atwhich you read using this method will largely depe nd on the speed at which you move the poin ter.You can also use a card or pape

4、r to cover the text after you read it to preve nt regressi on. Thiswill train your eyes to look forward, and eventually you wont need the guide to focus your vision.Avoiding Vocalization and Inner Speech避免出声阅读Put a fin ger over your lips or on your vocal cords!Broadening Eye Span扩大视幅Reading is compo

5、sed of a series of fixations（注视） which the eye makes while viewing a printed line. During these fixation pauses,the material viewed is translated into meanings by the brain. A good reader will make three to four fixations for ordinary line of print;the poor reader eight to twelve or more.To reduce f

6、ixati ons, take several words or chu nk words together in pare ntheses. Practice see ing more tha n one word at a time,and in crease the amount of words in pare ntheses each time you practice. With time, you may be able to read an entire line of textin one fixation.Reading in Thought Groups按意群读While

7、 making constant efforts to improve your reading comprehension, you should try con sciously to in crease your read ingspeed. And to read in thought groups is an easy, yet effective way of pick ing up speed and flue ncy.It means whe n you read, try not to think of a sentence as a stri ng of sin gle w

8、ords. In stead, think of it as several thought groups. Inother words, try to move your eyes group by group, not from word to word. In this way you will read faster.However, there are no solid rules for divid ing Ion ger senten ces into thought groups. It really depe nds on the idea that you aretryin

9、g to convey.Taking notes做笔记Taking notes during your reading at the recall stage keeps you active and concentrating. Besides,they provide a written record for revisi on. The content should in clude:1. The authors main ideas and any important details;2. The logical structure of his/her argume nt;3. An

10、y importa nt references he/she men tio ns.Basic Reading Process基本阅读步骤It is preferable to read a passage at least twice: the first time, to get the main idea of the passage, and then a second time, to focuson the important details. Sometimes a third time is necessarytocheck the difficult points. Foll

11、ow the basic reading method, and answer the questions respectively when you finish reading anymaterials t each time.Most people wish they read more. It is an activity that is both fun and enlightening. It can help us be more knowledgeable andsuccessful. However, it is an activity that many people do

12、nt engage in very much.The following are ten suggestions to help strengthen your reading habitways to find andmake more time for reading.1)Always have a book around.2)Set a reading goal.3)Keep a log.4)Keep a reading list.5)Turn off the television.6)Listen when you cant read.7)Join a reading group or

13、 book club.8)Visit the library or bookstore often.9)Build your own strategy.10)Drop Everything and Read.Skimming & Scanning略读和查读SkimmingAim: To identify the main ideas in the text quicklySome hints and tips for better skimming:1.Read the title, subtitles or subheading;2.Look at the illustrations

14、;3.Read the first and last sentence of each paragraph;4.Take in key words;5.Think about the meaning of the text.ScanningAim: To look for specific information in a textSome hints and tips for better scanning:1.Dont try to read every word;2.Use clues on the page, such as headings and titles;4.Think up

15、 or write down some questions;5.Many texts use A-Z order;6.There are many ways to practice scanning skills.Reading for Main Ideas了解大意An important skill in reading is learning to comprehend the main idea of a text. This is accomplished by first determining thethesis statement of the text. The thesis

16、statement, or topic sentence, tells the reader what the text is about; it is the most importantsentence in the text. Sometimes the main idea is implied rather than directly stated in a sentence and the reader must learn how toinfer (make an educated guess) as to what the main idea of the text is in

17、order to comprehend the material as a whole.Recognizing Important Facts or Details掌握语篇中的事实和主要情节To understand the main idea thoroughly, you must recognize the important facts or details which help develop or support it. These3. Use theheaderfacts and details give you a deeper understanding of the mai

18、n idea. Here are some ways to help you recognize the important facts ordetails:1.Read for the main idea. If you have identified the main idea, you can recognize more easily the important facts that support it.2.Keep it in mind that not all facts or details are equally important. Look only for the fa

19、cts related to the main idea.3.To check on your understanding of the material you have read, review the facts or details which you have decided are the mostimportant. Then consider if they support what you have identified as the main idea. If adding up the facts or details does not leadlogically to

20、the main idea, you have failed either to identify the main idea or to recognize the important supporting details.Identifying the Authors Purpose and TO解作者的目的和语气Purpose目的1.Know the main idea of the passage;2.Identify the authors purpose according to the text.Tone语气positive, negative, neutral, critica

21、l, doubtful, suspicious, indifferent, concerned, pessimistic, optimistic, factual, impartial, objective,subjective, ironic, cynical, emotional, polite, humorous; disapproval, hate, admiration, disgust, gratitude, forcefulnessUnderstanding Text Coherence理解语篇的连贯性1.Grammatical devices: such as tense an

22、d aspect, reference, substitution, time or place relater and parallel construction;2.Lexical devices: such as hyponymy, synonymy, complementarity, and metonymy and repetition;3.Logical connectors: such as“and”,“but”,“in addition”,“that is to say”, etc.Drawing Conclusions了解语篇的结论Careful and thoughtful

23、 readers always think about what they are reading, trying to interpret the ideas presented in a readingpassage. In doing so they are able to draw conclusions based on what the author tells them.In order to draw reasonable conclusions we have to build our conclusions upon facts or evidence and not up

24、on our own opinions,likes, or dislikes. Of course our experience may prove useful, but most of our conclusions must be based on what we read in thepassage.To draw a conclusion about implied main ideas in paragraphs, you need to do the following:1.Consider what each sentence says about the common top

25、ic;2.Ask yourself what general thought or idea emerges when you put all of those individual pieces of information together;3.Think of the idea that emerges as the authors implied main idea and the purpose of the passage.Paraphrasing进行信息转换A paraphrase is a passage borrowed from a source and rewritten

26、 in your own words. A paraphrase should be true to the originalauthoridsea, but is rewritten in your own words and sentence structure. Since you are using someone elseidseas and expressingthem in your own words, it is very important to give credit to the source of the idea.A paraphrase should not us

27、e any of the original authors words except incidental conjunctions and common prepositions.The case study for guessing vocabulary in English readingThe case study for guess ing words in En glish read ing falls into six categories.A.According to punctuation1. Chongqing, Chinas nemesicipality, with a

28、population of 30 million, has welcomed its first test-tube baby.2. This stream was made up of the tiny larvaen ewly-bor n an tsbeing carried out of the n est by the workers.3. They can make the abstract concrete; the elusive comprehensible; the unfamiliar familiar.4. Tornadoes (violent and destructi

29、ve whirl wind) normally occur on hot, humid (a little wet) day, but not necessarily in the summer.B.According to signal word, including or, in other words, not, i.e. (that is), however, rather than, unlike, etc.1. People began to make their own paper money, or currency.2. It must be last ing and eas

30、y to recog ni ze, to divide, and to carry about. I n other words it must be durable, distinet, divisible andportable”.3. I n fact, the direct-selli ng model has almost certai nly bee n a boon, not a barrier, to Dell spla ns.4. Hedonism, that is, believing that pleasure is the purpose of life, seems

31、to bring health, not illn ess.5. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.6. Retur n the money of your own volition rather tha n be forced to hand it over.7.Un like his sister, who is a warm, in terested pers on, Joh n is apath

32、etic to every one and everyth ing.C.According to example1. You may borrow from the library any periodicals: Nature, New Society, News week, or The Liste ner.2. Today young couples who are just start ing their households ofte n spe nd lots of their money on appliances, for in sta nee, washin g-mach i

33、n es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.D. According to definition1. A pers on or thing bey ond comparis on, a model of excelle nee, is known as paragon.2. Ventilation, as you know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.3. Defined

34、most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, belief and traditi on that people have han ded dow n from gen erati on togen erati on.E.According to attributive clause1. The close association between parasite and host is an example of symbiosis which means living together”.2. The protagonist is the

35、 main character in a story, the pers on whom we watch from the beg inning to the end of the action.3.He was a prestidigitator who en terta ined the childre n by pull ing rabbits out of hats, swallow ing fire, and other similar tricks.F.According to root, prefix and suffixWord an alysis can be quite useful especially if there is some con textual in formatio n in the sentence or paragraph. Root carry thebasic meaning of the word, prefix cha nge rootmeaning, and suffix part of speech. Being