名词的用法及归纳

1、名词的用法及归纳名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。一、名词的分类类别用法例词表示一类人、或东西、或一个抽象概念的名词可 数 名个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen, student, desk, book, bike普 通 名词集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体family, class, people, school词不 可 数物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air, water, paper名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work, time, news专 有 名表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称翻译： 长城；词（注意：这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写）汤姆；中

2、国二、名词的数1. 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成：变形规则写出以下词语的复数形式1、一般情况下，在词尾加sbook2、 ch, sh, s, x +eswatch,box3、 o+ es（动植物）tomato ,potatoo+ s（非动植物）photo,radio4、元音字母 （ a,e, i,o, u）+ y + sboy ; holiday; monkey（辅音字母）+y . iesstudy;technology 5、 f, fe veswife .;leaf6、双重复数变为复数： a woman nurse变为复数： a man doctor国民的复数形式：国别复数形

3、式Chinese / Japanese（中日）Englishm an / Frenchman/（英法）American/Australian/German,/（其他）etc.2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若表示确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词 + of +不可数名词” 。【例题】 翻译以下词组：两杯水：；两条新闻：；两张纸：；几片面包：；两袋大米：；3. 有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。不可数名词词义可数名词词义不可数名词词义可数名词词义fruit水果fruitsfood食物foodsfish鱼fishesdrink饮料、酒a drinkcloth布a clothsan

4、d沙sandschicken鸡肉aorange橘汁anchickenorangeglass玻璃glassespaper纸a paperwood木头woodsroom空间a room4.数量的表示：a few一点苹果：（肯定）修饰可数名词few( 几乎没有 ) 一点苹果：（否定）many许多人：a (great) number大量学生：ofa little一点点面包：（肯定）little( 几乎没有）一点面包：（否定）修饰不可数名词much许多大米：(large)amounts大量的水资源：ofa great deal of许多钱：a lot of= lots既修饰可数名词许多羊：of又修饰不可

5、数名词（只用于肯定）plenty of大量的信息：some一些故事：any一些错误：enough足够的食物：三、名词的所有格1. 有生命的名词所有格，以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格： 不是以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加 s。【例题】：麦克的手表： 以 s 结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。【例题】：老师们的办公室：； 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s。【例题】：汤姆和麦克的房间：;杰克和玛丽的姐姐： 两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s。【例题】：玛丽的自行车和汤姆的自行车：汤姆的姐姐和麦克的姐姐： 在表示“店铺、某某家、

6、诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。【例题】：在他弟弟家：；在医生的诊所里：在史密斯先生家：； 用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：【例题】：开车十分钟的路程：；一个月的假期：两周的工作：;； 用所有格表示节日的方法。如：Teachers Day ； Children s Day注意：除了父亲节和母亲节（Mother s Day 、 Father s Day ），其他节日都用名词复数的所有格【例题】：妇女节：;儿童节：;2.无生命的事物的名词所有格，常用of 结构。【例题】：一张中国地图：；这个游戏的开始这个房间的门：3.特殊形式：1） 可用s 和 of 短语表示的名词所有格：【例题】：用

7、 of 短语表示： the boy s name=；表示。；Chinas population=2） 双重所有格。【例题】：我妈妈的一个朋友：；汤姆的一张照片：练习选择题 A：（数）1.In the picture there are many _ and two _.A. sheep, foxesB. sheeps, foxC. sheeps, foxesD. sheep, foxs2.In Britain, _ are all painted red.A. letter boxesB. letters boxesC. letter boxD lettersbox3. Please reme

8、mber to give the horse some tree _.A. leafsB. leavesC. leafD. leave4. Can we have some _ Yes, please.A. bananaB. oranges5.They got much _ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. appleC. informationD. pearD. stories6. What would you like to have for lunch, sir I'd like _.A. chickenB. a chicken7.

9、Children should make _ for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. chickensC. roomsD. the chicken D. the room8. Tables are made of _.A. woodB. some woods9. There are four _ and two _ in the group.A. Japanese, GermenB. Japaneses, GermenGermensC. woodenC. Japanese, GermansD. woodsD.Japanese,10. A group

10、 of _ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. HungarianB. AustralianC. JapaneseAmerican11. There are sixty-seven _ in our school.A. women's teacherB. women teachersC. woman teachers12. There are five _ in our factory.A. woman driverB. women driverC. woman driversdriversD.D. women teacherD.women13. Wou

11、ld you like _ tea No, thanks. I have drunk two _.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of orangesD.few, bottle of oranges14.He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two piecesof breads15.Can you give me _A. a teaB. some

12、 cup of teaC. a cup teaD.a cupof tea16.John bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD.twopairs shoes17.What _ lovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a18.He gave us _ on how to keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice19.It really

13、 took him _ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. long timeD.sometime20.She was very happy. Shein the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakesD.makesfew mistake选择题 B：（所有格）1. March 8th is _ Day.A. Woman sB. WomensC. WomansD. Women2. Is the broom under _ desk

14、No, it's under _.A. the teacher's; myB. teacher's; mineteacher's; mineC. teacher's; meD.the3. Excuse me, where is the _A. men's roomB. mens' roomC. men's roomsD. men rooms4. The football under the bed is _.A. Lily and LucyB. Lily's and Lucy'sand Lucy'sC. L

15、ily's and LucyD.Lily5. His bag is nicer than _ in his class.A. any other studentB. the other studentsstudent s6.Joan is _.A. Mary's and Jack sisterC. Mary and Jack sisterC. any other studentsD.anyB. Mary and Jack's sisterD. Mary's and Jack's sister7. In a few _ time, those mounta

16、ins will be covered with trees.A. yearB. years'C. year'sD. years8. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_.A. thirty minutes's walkD. thirty minutes walk9.Please take two _.A. picture of the parkpicture of a park10. Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Mary's mother'smo

17、thersB. thirty minute's walkB. pictures of the parkB. Mary's motherC. thirty minutes' walkC. the pictures of a parkC. mother's of MaryD.D.Mary附加题：1.We could see _ children and hear _ noise in the park.A. many, manyB. much, muchC. many, muchmanyD.much,2. Computers can do _ work in a s

18、hort time, but a man cannot do _ by himself.A. great many; manyB. much; a great manyC. a great deal of; muchgreat manyD. many; a3. In her letter Aunt Mary told us many _ about her visit to Japan.A. newsB. storiesC. advicesD. idea4. Mr. Li often gives us _ by e-mail.A. some good informationsB. some g

19、ood informationC. good informationsinformation5. Can I help you, sir？D. a goodI d like to have 100 _. I want the students to draw pictures on them.A. piece of paperB. pieces of paperC. paperspaperD.6. They want three _.A. loaf breadB. loaf of breadC. loaves breadbreadD.loavesof7. September 10th is _

20、 Day.A. the TeacherB. Teachers C. TeacherTeachersD.8. Those nice cars are those famous _.A. dancersB. dancers C. dancer sD. dancer9. The two desks here are _. You may use the desk over there.A. Mary and JaneB. Marys and JanesMarys and Jane sC. Mary and JanesD.10. How far is it from your office to yo

21、ur flat It s about _.A. 20 minutes walkB. 20-minutes walkC. walk 20 minutesD.20minutes walk11. I m going to help _ with _English.A. a friend of Nancy, hersB. a friend of Nancys, herC.a friendof Nancys,hersD. a friend of Nancy, her12._ that pair of new _ expensiveA. Is, shoeB. Are, shoeC. Is shoesD. Are, shoes13._ leaving for Beijing t