主谓一致及练习

1、主谓主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称、数上保持一致。一、并列主语的主谓一致1. and和bothand连接的两个名词作主语，表示不同的人或事物，其概念是复数，句子的谓语动词用复数。此时意为“和”Eg. Her teacher and her friend are in the siting-room. 她的老师和她的朋友都在客厅。2. and 连接两个名词作主语，指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，句子的谓语动词用单 数；此时，后一个名词前不用冠词。此时 and 意为“兼”Eg. The poet and writer has produced many works.3. each/every

2、 +名词单数+ （ each/every） +名词单数，谓语动词用单数Eg. Each boy and each girl has been invited to the tea-party. 每个男孩和每个女孩都被邀请参加茶话会。4. or, nor, neithernor, eitheror, notbut, not onlybut also 等连接的名词或代词作主语是，谓语动词的单复数应依据“就近原则” 。Eg. Either or he is to go.要么你去，要么他去。5. 当 as well as, along with, together with, with, but, e

3、xcept,besides, including, in addition to, rather than 等连接主语时， 谓语动词采用 “就前原则”（谓语动词的数与连接词前的名词或代 词保持一致） 。Eg. The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 老师和学生们在图书馆里看书。二 某些名词作主语时的主谓一致1 某些集体名词，如 family, public, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等作主 语时，谓语的数要依据主语所表示的意义来决定。

4、 如果该集体名词表达的意义是一个整体时， 谓语动词用单数；如表达的是集体中的个体时，谓语动词用复数。Eg. Our family is a happy one.我们有个幸福的家庭。 （指我们家这个整体）The family are early rises.这家人都起得早。 （指这家的人，为个体）2. 通常表示复数意义的集体名词，如 people, police, cattle（ 牛）, folk, youth 等作主语时，谓语 动词通常用复数；通常用作不可数名词的集体名词，如 equipment, furniture 作主语时，谓语 动词用单数。3. 单复数同形的名词，如means（方法）,w

5、orks （工厂），species（种类），Chinese, Japanese等作主语时，依据意义一致的原则，当表示单数意义时，谓语动词用单数；反之，谓语动词用复数。Eg. Every possible means has been tried, but in vain.每种可能的办法都试过了，但还是徒劳。All possible means have been tried, but in vain.所有可能的办法都试过了，但还是徒劳。 三、表示数量的名词作主语时的主谓一致1. 当名词词组的中心词为表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词时，可根据意义一致的原则， 将这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词

6、用单数。Eg. Five minutes is enough to do this exercise.五分钟足够做这个练习。2. “a （great） number of/many/a few+ 可数名词复数 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Eg. A number of scientists are searching for a cure for the deadly disease. 许多科学家正在寻找治愈这种致命疾病的方法。a number of +名词复数"表示"许多”，中心词为名词复数，故谓语动词用复数；而"the number of +名词复数”表示“的

7、数量”，中心词则为number,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。Eg. A number of students have gone home.许多学生已经回家了。The number of pages in this book is two hundred.这本书有两百页。3. “some/a lot of/lots of/ plenty of/ the rest of + 可数名词 /不可数名词” 作主语时， 谓语动词要 与短语中 of 后面的名词的数保持一致。Eg. Plenty of English books are on the shelf.书架上有很多英文书。Lots of da

8、mage was caused by fire.火灾造成了巨大的损失。5. a large quantity of 和 large quantities of 表示“许多，大量” ，既可以修饰可数名词，又可以 修饰不可数名词； a large amount of 和 large amounts of 表示“许多，大量” ，只修饰不可数名 词。以上四个短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于 quantity/amount 的单复数。Eg. Quantities of food/nuts were on the table.桌上有不少食物和坚果。A large amount of water has

9、 been polluted.= large amounts of water have been polluted.大量水已被污染。6. “分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。Eg. Three-fifths of the workers are women.这里五分之三的工人是妇女。About three-fourths of the earth 's surface is covered with water.地球表面约四分之三的面积被水覆盖。【注意】 population 作主语，谓语用单数；但被分数、百分数修饰时，谓语动词则用复数

10、。Eg. Two-thirds of the population here are workers.这儿人口的三分之二是工人。The entire population of the town was present at the meeting.全镇的居民都出席了会议。7. kind 作主语时谓语动词的单复数： （1）this kind of book= a book of this kind（ 这种书 ）, 作主 语时，谓语动词用单数。 （2）this kind of men=men of this kind（ 这类人 ），常用语口语。当 this kind of men 作主语时， 谓

11、语动词用单数； 当 men of this kind 作主语时， 谓语动词用复数。 （3）“ all kinds of+ 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Eg. This kind of book（=A book of this kind） is worth reading.这种书值得一读。Men of this kind are dangerous.这种人很危险。This kind of men is dangerous.这种人很危险。8. many a +单数名词”（许多），“ more than one+单数名词”（不止）作主语时，尽管意义表示复数，但谓语动词用单数。“ more t

12、han +基数词+复数名词”或"more+复数名词+than one” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Eg. Many a ship has been damaged in the storm.许多船在暴风雨中损坏了。More than one student has seen the film.不止一个学生看过这部电影。More than two hundred people have turned up at the party.有两百多人出现在聚会上。More persons than one have voted against him.不止一个人投了他的票。 四、其他情况下谓语

13、动词的主谓一致。1. there be 结构中的谓语动词应与最靠近谓语动词的名词的单复数一致。Eg.There is a desk and some chairs in the room.房间里有一张桌子和几把椅子。2. （动名词、不定式）短语、从句或句子作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Eg. That he likes Mary is known to all of his friends.他的很多朋友都知道他喜欢玛丽。3. 学科名称的名词或国名、地名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单 数。Eg. Physics is a fundamental subject in sc

14、ience. 物理学是一门十分重要的科学科目。4. 表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用 单数。Eg. Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时睡眠就足够了。A hundred miles is a long distance.一百英里是很长的距离。5复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。Eg. Everybody is her.Nothing is impossible.练习：1. Listening to loud music at rock concerts caused hearing loss in some t

15、eenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have2. Such poets as Shakespeare widely read, of whose works, however, some difficult to understand.A. are, are B. is, isC. are, isD. is, are3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn4.

16、The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities rising steadily since1990.A. is B. are C. has been D. have been5. Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, visit Beijing this summer.A. is going to B. are going to C. was going to D. were going to6. The teacher together with the s

17、tudents discussing Reading Skills that newlypublished in America.A. are, wereB. is, wereC. are, wasD. is, was7. Either you or one of your students to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.A. areB. isC. haveD. be8. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which saved for otherp

18、urposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were9. One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is10. It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built11. -Did you go to the show last night?-Yeah. Every boy