介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句(一)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which,whom,whose,它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一介词选择的主要标准1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。(toadeg

2、ree)Thegentlemanaboutwhomyoutoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.你昨天告诉我的那个绅士被证明是个小偷。(tellsb.aboutsb./sth.)TheEnglishplayinwhichmystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。(intheplay)Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobsforwhichtheyarebeingt

3、rained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。(betrainedforthejob)2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配Whoisthemanwithwhomourteacherisshakinghands?我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？(shakehandswithsb.)Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthe3 .介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配peoplearestillsuffering.上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪

4、水所带来的影响。(sufferfromsth.)Oursisabeautifulcountry,ofwhichwearegreatlyproud.我们的国家是个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。(beproudof)ThewomantowhomSpielbergismarriedisanactress.同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。(bemarriedto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖彳艮美杭州以西湖而闻名。(befamousfor)Thewomantowhomhewasengagedwasadoctor.

5、他与之订女昏的为女士是位医生。(beengagedto)4 .有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配Iwasawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadranbackinthedirectionfromwhichshehadcome.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。(如果仅注意先行词，很容易受

6、习惯心里的影响而使用inthisdirection的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come，贝应该使用from。)Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。(after3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配which的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.bywhichtimemanyhavegothome.在办公室我好像总是没时间5只有等到下午五点

7、半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at5:30pm的通常表达的影响而9选用介词at,而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词ofThejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,ofwhichthesailingtimewas226days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月，其中航行的时间是226天。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad.这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的（指50

8、万双鞋）80%销往海外。Iwastoldthattherewereabout50foreignstudentsstudyingChineseintheschool,mostofwhomwerefromGermany.我被告知这个学校有大约50个外国学生在学习中文，其中大多数来自德国。Ihavemanyfriends,ofwhomsomearebusinessmen.我有彳艮多朋友,其中有些是生意人。二介词不能提前的情况当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可以提前放在Which（指事物不能用that）或者whom指人不能用who）之前，也可放于原来的位置，但在含有介词的动词固定短语中，由于

9、动词和介词的关系比较紧密，一般不能将介词与动词拆开而将介词提到关系代词之前。这类短语动词有listento/lookat/dependon/takecareof/lookinto/breakinto/getridof/lookforwardto等。Thisistheroomwhich/thatLuXunusedtolivein.（=ThisistheroominwhichLuXunusedtolive.）这是鲁迅曾经住过的房间。Theman介词加关系代词引导的定语从句（二）例句:1) Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleat

10、aconcert,atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?2) Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone'shouseisthefirststeptofame.3) Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4) Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusi

11、c,mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.5) However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.6) Theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关

12、系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.、基本构成1 “介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom指人)，即：介词+which/whom。(1)Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.2 2)Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichthe

13、rearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词+which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中when=表时间的介词(如：in,at,on,during等)+which；Where=g地点的介词(如：in,at,on,under等)+which；Why表原因的介词(如：for)+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcame

14、here.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why弓导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why1 .含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的

15、后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof，payattentionto,lookforwardto等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.2 .“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词，表示先行词的一部分或全部。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.二

16、介词的选择根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Eg:lsthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2 .根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.3 .根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：Eg:1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.Cwasfounded.4

17、 .根据从句的意义来确定介词。Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan'tplaycomputergames,brokedownyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。5 .whose可转换为“of+关系代词”型。Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.三.填空练习1. Thisisthegunthehuntershot

18、theantelope.2. Theathleteshew川competecomefromGreeceandCzechRepublic.3. He'llneverforgetthedayhewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.4. ThemusicianswehavegreatinteresttouredEuropewithus.5. Thesungivesusheatandlight,whichwecan1tlive.6. THneverforgetthedaywhichshesaidgood-byetome.7. Whocangivemethereasonwhichhehasn'tturnedupyet?8. Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.9. Themanyoushookhandsjustno