2013高考英语考点语法单选超级归纳：二、名词和主谓一致

1、第1页共 4 页、名词和主谓一致I.名词的种类专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称可数名词不可数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换 个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质1She held some flowers in her hand.2The trees are now in flower花儿个体名词开花抽象名词1Youth is beautiful.2H e is a youth of twenty冃春抽象名词年轻人个体名词1They have achieved remarkable success in their work.2How abo

2、ut the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功抽象名词成功的事个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例 句意义名词性质1Iron is a kind of metal.2Please lend me your iron.铁物质名词熨斗个体名词1He broke a piece of glass.2He broke a glass.玻璃物质名词玻璃杯个体名词1I bough t a chicke n this morning2Please help yourself to some chicke n小鸡个体名词鸡肉物质

3、名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用 与某些动词（如：have 等）连 用，表示某一次短暂的动作1一 I d likeinformaton about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could haveword with the man ager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a2They sent usword of the latest happenings. 消息（扌由象名词）A.aB.a nC./D.the3Could we hav

4、eword before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.aB.a nC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look第2页共 4 页take a walk/a bath make an advanee 进步make an early start（早点出发） /make a decision/make achange/give a cry of pain（发出痛古的叫声 ）/give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转 换为普通名词时可以用来表示 其中

5、的一部分1Many people agree thatkno wledge of En glish is a must inintern atio nal trade today.A.a, /B.the, anC.the, theD. /, thea knowledge of truth（知道实际情况）give a fuller knowledge of China（提供关于中国更为翔实的知识）have a knowledge of shorthand（有速记的知识 ）2If there were no exam in ati on, we should haveat school.A.the

6、 happiest timeB.a more happier time C.much happiest time D.a much happier time3is mon ey. A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用 来表示 一次、一阵、一种 具体的行为、事件、现象或结 果。这时名词前往往有形容词 修饰1Oh, Joh n.you gave me!A.How a pleasa nt surprise B.How pleasa nt surprise C.What a pleasa nt surprise D. What pleasa nt s

7、urprise2She looked upwhe n 1 shouted.A.i n a surpriseB.i n the surpriseC.i n surpriseD.i n some surprise其它例子： The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some un pleasa nt surprise3It iswork of art that every one wants to have a look at it.A.so unu sualB. such unu sualC.such an unu sual

8、D.so an unu sualII.名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加- s 或 - e s（ 参 看 有 关 语 法 书 ） 。 英 语 里 有 些 名 词 的 复 数 形 式 是 不 规 则 的 ， 请 看 下 表规贝 U例词1改变名词中的兀音字母或其他形式man-men, woma n-wome n, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, tha nks,

9、 goods, glasses, compasses, contents4:一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audienee, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee , government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关）,forces（军队）,times（时代）,spirits（情绪）,drin ks（饮料）,san ds（沙 滩）

10、,papers（文件报纸）,mann ers（礼 貌）,looks（外表）,brains（头脑智力）,greens（青菜）,ruins（废墟）7表示“某国人”加-sAmerica ns, Australia ns, Germa ns, Greeks, Swedes, Europea ns单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chin ese, Japa nese以 -man 或 -woman 结尾 的改为-me n,-wome nEn glishme n, Fren chwome n8合成名词将主体名词变为复数son s-i n-law, lookers-on, passers-by

11、, story-tellers, boy friendsr 无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grow n-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数wome n sin gers, men serva nts第3页共 4 页III.主谓一致规则情况举例语法致原则以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is work ing on the farm.To study En glish well is not easy.Read ing in the sun is bad

12、 for your eyes. What he said is very importa nt for us all.由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three En glish books. What I say and do is （are） helpful for you.由连接词 and 或 bothand 连接起来的主语后面，要用复数 形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物 时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and

13、连接的并列单数主 语前如 果分另 U 有 no, each,every 或 more than a(an)/one,many a (an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数名词和由 some, any no,every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every stude nt and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes

14、 it. No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book.Is every one here today?Somebody is speak ing in class.Everythi ng around us is matter若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语 动词用单数或复数都可以。 No ne of the sugar was left. None of us has （have） bee n to America.在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, wh

15、ich 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please write their n ames on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the （only） one of my friends who is working hard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如

16、果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child.The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .（他的一家）His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）由 a l

17、ot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/themajority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词 的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有 a number of + 复数名词有类似的用法（

18、用复 数），但 the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The nu mber of pages in this book is three hun dred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus.On the wall are man y pictures. Such is the result.Such are the facts.Betwee n the two

19、 hills sta nds a monument.逻辑意What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags? Are any of you good at En glish?Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has bee n done. All is going well. All have bee n take n out.All have gone to Beiji ng.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词

20、的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整 体。Thirty minu tes is eno ugh for the work. Twenty pounds is too dear.女口强调这类词的复数意义， 贝 U 谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.第4页共 4 页义致原则若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The Un ited States is smaller tha n China. The Arabia n Nights is an in teres

21、t ing story-book.表数量的短语one and a half 后面接复数名词作主语时， 其谓语动词要用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾，如：mathematics, politics,physics 以及 news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于 1990 年。 I don th ink physics is easy to stud

22、y.trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors （剪刀）等词作主语 时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a（the） pair of 等量词 修饰时（clothes 被 a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broke n.The pair of shoes un der the bed is his.定冠词 the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数； 若 表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。The old are take n good care of there.The beautiful gives pleasure to all.就 近/远致 原 则当两个主语由 either or, neither nor, not only but also whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致，即就近一致。Either the teacher or the stude nts are o