非常有价值的英语演讲课件4

1、English Public Speaking Lecture FourPresenting the speech A speaker use language the way an artist uses colors. This chapter explains how speaking and writing use different styles. Every language has certain devices for embellishment. We will explain how a speaker can achieve clarity and vividness.

2、It is important for a speaker to learn what language is appropriate for a speech and what language to avoid. Speech LanguagePart I Using Language Accurately Part II Using Language ClearlyPart III Using Language Vividly Part IV Using Language Appropriately By speaking, we can only make the audience “

3、hear” what we say, this will cause much more misunderstanding than by writing and reading. 2. Many words which may have similar meaning can be used very differently.1. Using language accurately is very important to a speaker.Part I Using Language Accurately Compare the four words: approve, admire, p

4、raise and respect, then, fill in the blanks with the appropriate one. approve admire praise respectEveryone in the class decided it was important to _ each others right to voice her or his opinion. Often the most encouraging thing you can do for a child is to _his or her creative efforts. It is up t

5、o the manager to _ the companys new sales plan.praise approverespectOne cannot help but _ the dedication of Olympic athletes who train for years to capture a gold medal. admire2. Many words which may have similar meaning can be used very differently.A Chinese Example:牺牲，逝世，完蛋了牺牲，逝世，完蛋了 Part II Using

6、 Language Accurately 1. Use familiar language.People usually have the wrong idea that unfamiliar words will sound more impressive to the listeners Compare the following two statements and decide which one is clearer.Part III Using Language ClearlyDont assume that what is clear to you is clear to you

7、r audience.Statement AIs this a genuine affirmation that the utterances you anticipate communicating during the time period immediately succeeding the present shall be entirely veracious and devoid of deception, complete in all pertinent minutiae and particularities, and absent authority of your all

8、egiance and fidelity to the supreme deity?Statement BDo you swear that the testimony you are about to give shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?When speaking about technical subjects, keep the technical term to a minimum and define clearly those that your a

9、udience may not understand. Winston Churchill: to speak in short, homely words of common usage.Gettysburg Address contains only 271 words, of which 251 have only one or two syllables.Part III Using Language ClearlyLook at the following expressions:1. At 9:00 a.m in the morning.2. We first began the

10、discussion.3. I myself personally.4. About approximately 10 inches or so.5. The anmount of $10 was paid.6. Conduct a study on the increasing divoice rate.7. There are three people who want toPoorBetterIn todays modern society, the students of high school age must add additional courses to their sche

11、dules if they are going to be fully prepared in a complete way for a successful career.Modern high school students must take more courses to prepare for a a successful career.Calling a new client on a telephone which is a real problem is made easier by the new telephone system.Calling a new client o

12、n the telephone has been a real problem. The new telephone system makes it easier.Part III Using Language Clearly2. Choose Concrete Words.Concrete words words that refer to tangible objects. Abstract words words that refer to ideas or concepts.physical activity sports golf professional golf Tiger Wo

13、odsabstract/generalconcrete/specific Poor BetterTaxes will go up.Taxes will increase by 22 percent.It was a stormy day.The sky was grey and gloomy, and the cold, moist wind stung my face.Crime is rampant in our city. Burglary alone has gone way up in the past year or so. So you can see that the righ

14、t kind of lock on your door is essential to your safety.Crime in our city has increased by 54% in the last year, and the number of burglaries has doubled. One way of making our homes burglary-proof is to make sure that all doors have solid locks. I bought one such lock: its a double-keyed deadbolt l

15、ock.Create word pictures that get your listeners involved with a story. A. Concrete WordsConcrete words call up mental impressions of sights, sounds, touch, smell, and taste.1. ImageryPart IV Using Language Vividly-Walking into my grandparents house when I was a child was like being wrapped in a gia

16、nt security blanket.B. SimilePart IV Using Language Vividly-Americas cities are the windows through which the world looks at American society.-With globalization, the same sea washes all of human kind. We are all in the same boat. There are no safe islands. (Kofi Annan) C. MetaphorPart IV Using Lang

17、uage VividlyWWW.YOUR-SCHOOL-URL.COMLanguage has a rhythm created by the choice and arrangement of words. 2. RhythmPart IV Using Language VividlyWe cannot tell what the course of this fell war will beas it spreads remorseless through ever-wider regions.We know it will be hard; we expect it will be lo

18、ng.We cannot predict or measure its episodes or its tribulationsI speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United States Senator. I speak as an American. I speak as a Republican. I speak as a woman. I speak as a United States Senator. And I am also addressing you as an American.A.Para

19、llelism the similar arrangement of a pair of series of related words, phrases, or sentences.Part IV Using Language VividlyWhen you see your street, see my street. When you see your house, see my house. When you see your children, see my children.We will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not

20、fail. (George W. Bush)B. Repetition reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of the successive clauses or sentences.Part IV Using Language VividlyIn a nation founded on the promise of human dignity, our colleges, our communities, our country should challenge hatred wherev

21、er we find it. (Hilary Rodham Clinton)C. Alliteration repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.Part IV Using Language VividlyAsk not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (John F. Kennedy)D. Antithesis the juxtaposition of contrasting id

22、eas, usually in parallel structure.Part IV Using Language Vividly1. Appropriateness to the OccasionLanguage that is appropriate for some occasion may not be for others. You guys/hi, folksDistinguished guestsHonorable judgesMr./Ms. President/ChairLadies and gentlemenPart V Using Language Appropriatel

23、yOur language should not only be accurate, clear, and vivid, but also be appropriate to the occasion, to the audience, and to the topic. Poor BetterI was blown away.I was surprised.Frank was really turned on to computer music.Frank was really excited about computer music.Lets look at how Jack could

24、have benefited from a little PM.Lets look at how Jack could have benefited from a little preventive maintaince.Patients suffering from viral rhino rhea could take salicylate for treatment.Patients suffering from cold could take aspirin for treatment.Poor BetterI was blown away.I was surprised.Frank

25、was really turned on to computer music.Frank was really excited about computer music.Lets look at how Jack could have benefited from a little PM.Lets look at how Jack could have benefited from a little preventive maintaince.Patients suffering from viral rhino rhea could take salicylate for treatment

26、.Patients suffering from cold could take aspirin for treatment.Appropriateness also depends on the audience. 2. Appropriateness to the Audience. Part V Using Language AppropriatelyYou should be especially careful to avoid language that might offend your audience. They are also expected to avoid name

27、-calling and other forms of abusive language. Offensive termsAlternativesweathermanweathercasterpolicemanpolice officerman-madeartificialold peoplesenior citizen/elderlyhandicappeddisabled/physically challengedspokesmanspeaker/representativehousewifehouse workercleaning ladyhousekeeperstupidmentally

28、 challengedTo ConcludeYou can be able to use language effectively if you become language-conscious. Read and listen to the speeches of effective speakers.But do not try to “become” someone else. 3. Appropriateness to the TopicPart V Using Language AppropriatelyIdentify the rhetorical means in the fo

29、llowing paragraphs 1. I have but one lamp by which y feet are guided, and that is the lamp of experience. 2. Give a man a fish and he will eat for a day, but teach him to fish and he will eat for a lifetime. 3. This is what I hope for China. This is what I hope for the world. 4. it is in vain, sir,

30、to extenuate the matter, Gentleman may cry, peace, peace-but there is no peace. The war is actually begun. 5. I speak to you for the first time as Prime Minister in a solemn hour for the life of our country, of our Empire, of our allies, and above all, if the cause of freedom. (metaphor)(antithesis

31、and parallelism)(parallelism and climax)(repetition)(climax and parallelism)DeliveryPart I Different Forms of SpeechPart II Voice Part III Pronunciation Part IV The Speakers Body and Other Important ThingsPart I Different Forms of Speeches1. Reading from a Manuscript2. Reciting from Memory.3. Speaki

32、ng Impromptu4. Speaking ExtemporaneouslyWWW.YOUR-SCHOOL-URL.COMIn this case every word of the speech will beanalyzed Timing may be a factor in manuscript speeches. 2. Reciting from Memory.1. Reading from a ManuscriptPart I Different Forms of Speeches Be sure to memorize it so thoroughly that you wil

33、l be able to concentrate on communicating with the audience. An impromptu speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation. 3. Speaking ImpromptuPart I Different Forms of SpeechesTry to present your speech in four simple steps:First, state the point you are answering. Second, state the po

34、int you wish to make. Third, support your point with appropriate statistics, examples, or testimony. Forth, summarize your point.If time allows, you can sketch a quick outline of your remarks on a piece of paper, before you rise to speak.3. Speaking ImpromptuPart I Different Forms of SpeechesOnce yo

35、u start speaking, maintain strong eye-contact. No matter how nervous you are inside, try to seem calm.An extemporaneous speech is carefully prepared and rehearsed but is presented from a brief set of notes. 4. Speaking ExtemporaneouslyPart I Different Forms of SpeechesOnce you have your outline and

36、know what topics you are going to cover and in what order, you can begin to practice the speech.Project your voice so that it reaches your listeners. The advice is to speak up and dont let the volume of your voice drop at the end of sentences. And do not shout.1. VolumePart II Voice Microphones: che

37、ck that it works well and how it works before you start, and leave it alone during the speech.Speak slowly. The larger the audience, theslower should be the delivery.2. PacePart II Voice Varying the pace of your delivery will add interest. Punctuate the spoken words with pauses. 1. Personal Appearan

38、cePart III The Speakers Body and OthersA research done in the college shows that, teachers normally give higher scores to more attractive female students than less attractive ones and males.To strangers, people who dress more charmingly would most likely be more successful in their personal relation

39、ships.More than half of the managers have decided whether to hire a person or not even before he or she speaks.Dress in accordance with the occasion. 1. Personal AppearancePart III The Speakers Body and OthersIf you want people to have confidence in what you are saying, you need to present yourself

40、in an efficient and capable light. Take a few seconds to take a few deep breaths and try to relax your lower jaw. 2. MovementPart III The Speakers Body and OthersArrange your notes and settle yourself into a comfortable stance. Stand up straight and keep your head up, allowing a good airflow to your lungs.The larger the audience the more expansive should be the gestu