虚拟语气 (3)

1、虚拟语气虚拟语气The Subjunctive Mood什么是虚拟语气 在英语中凡表达与事实不符的假定、想象、愿望等时，一定要把动词的惯常用法加以改变，这种特殊的动词使用法，叫做“虚拟语气” 比较 1. I have a car. (指现在有) 2. I had a car. （指过去有） 3. I wish I had a car. （但愿我有一部车）1.If he were rich, he would buy the house.2.If I had time, I would study French .3.If I could fly, I would fly in the sky

2、.注意：Be动词，不论人称，一律用were 二二 虚拟语气动词使用的原则虚拟语气动词使用的原则与现在事实相反的假设与现在事实相反的假设连词 条件从句 主句If were 主语+ 过去式V 过去式 助动词+原形V should主语+ would +动 词原V could might1.If he had studied hard, he could have won the scholarship.2.If I had had enough time, I would have gone with you.注意：虽然在If从句中，动词用had + p.p. ，但其结果和“现在”有关时，主句动词用

3、would (should ,could ,might )+原形V. If I had taken the doctors advice then, I should not be ill now. If I had studied hard before, I would be a college student now. 此句型的主句通常和now, today等词连用。与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设连词 条件从句 主句 If主语+ had done. should主语 + would +have done. could might 1.If the teacher asked m

4、e to solve the problem next time, I could try my best.2.If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.3.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should 在此处常解释为“万一”。与将来事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设 连词 条件从句 主句 If 过去式V主语+ were to+原形V should +原形V should主语 + would + 原形V could might 虚拟语气

5、的其他形式虚拟语气的其他形式 句型一 倒装1.If I were young, I would learn to ski. = Were I young, I -2.If I had been there, I would have helped you. = Had I been there, I -3. If it should rain, they would not come. = Should it rain, they - 条件从句中的if被省略，从句中的动词被移到主语之前。 句型二 wish 从句中表示现在不能实现的愿望。 I wish (that) I were rich. I

6、 wish I could speak English. I wish I knew his telephone number. 从句中表示过去不能实现的愿望。 I wish I had been in Hongkong last year. We wish he had not lost it yesterday. If only 要是- 就好了，意思和WISH 差不多。 If only he were here! If only I knew his telephone number! 句型三 as if /as though He talks as if he were a doctor

7、. (表示与现在事实不符) He talks as if he had known the news yesterday. (表示与过去事实不符) 如果表示很有可能发生的事时，也可以用一般的时态，如： It looks as if it is going to rain. 句型四 该-的时候了 1. It is time we went home . =It is time we should go home. =It is time for us to go home. It is (high, about) time that he retired. (high, about为加强语气用，

8、和that一样，常省略) 2. would rather sb. did sth. 句型五 要不是因为- 与现在事实相反。 But for = Without = If it were not for +名词= But that +主语+现在分词， 主语+would (should, could, might)+动词原形 But for your help, I would fail. Without your help, I - If it were not for your help, I - But that you help me, I - 与过去事实相反。 But for = Wit

9、hout =If it had not been for+名词= But that +主语+过去式动词，主语+would (should, could, might)+现在完成式have +done But for (Without) your timely arrival, she would have been drowned. =If it had not been for your timely arrival, she - =But that you arrived timely, she - =She would have been drowned if you had not a

10、rrived in time 句型六 建议，要求，坚持，命令 主语+ suggest +that +主语 +should+动词原形(be done) The doctor suggested that he (should) stop smoking. The boy made the suggestion that he (should) go to the lake alone. 此句型用于表示建议，要求，坚持，命令等的动词和名词含意的句中。 建议 Suggest, recommend 要求 Ask, demand, require, request 坚持Insist , urge, 命令

11、Order, command 注意Suggest和Insist的用法特殊。Suggest表示建议，Insist表示坚持认为某人该如何做时，用该句型。 如果Suggest表示“表明和说”， Insist表示坚持一种事实和经验时，要用宾语从句的句型。 句型七 It is necessary (important, natural, urgent, essential, proper-) that +主语+should do (be done) Is it necessary that he should take the examination.? 另一种表示情绪方面的主观看法，其后所接从句也用should，有“居然，竟然”意思。 It