Unit1grammar(theinfinitive

1、The infinitive 1. subject(主语主语): To learn English well is important. Never to have made any mistakes is impossible. For him to say no is not easy. 但更多情况下放在谓语之后但更多情况下放在谓语之后, 用用it作形作形式主语。式主语。 Its important to learn English well. Its impossible never to have made any mistakes. Its not easy for him to s

2、ay no. 2. object(宾语): 一些动词要用不定式作宾语一些动词要用不定式作宾语, 常见的动词有常见的动词有want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide, expect, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seek, try, pretend, learn, afford, need等。等。 He agreed to smoke no more cigarettes. He asked/wanted to see the boss. He hoped/wished/expected to go abroad. He pro

3、mised to buy me a computer. The poor couldnt afford to go to school in the past. He chose to watch TV at home.一些动词要用一些动词要用wh-疑问词疑问词+不定式作宾语，常见不定式作宾语，常见的动词有的动词有decide, know, learn, wonder, understand, find out, remember, see等等 I dont know what to do. how to do it. who(m) to ask/invite. when to stop wh

4、ere to go. I havent decided whether to sell it or not. She didnt know which one to buy. We must find out what to do next. He didnt remember when to start.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系上有动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物如果不定式是不及物动词动词,则后面需有适当的介词。则后面需有适当的介词。 3. attribute(定语定语): 不定式及其短语作定语不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面只能放在名词的后面,以下

5、名词和句型常用不定式作定语以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如如: chance, way, opportunity, time, the first, the last, the second, the only等词等词后后,在在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。e.g. I had no time to go to the movie. He is always the first to come to the school and the last to leave. There is no one to take care of her. I have no jew

6、elry to wear. There are only five pairs to choose from. 4. adverbial(状语): (1) 表示目的 I opened the window to let some fresh air in. We eat to live and dont live to eat. 为了加强不定式的语气, 还可以用in order (not) to do 或 so as (not) to do结构, 这两种结构意思相同: in order (not) to do可放在句首或后面, 而so as (not) to do不可放在句首。 People

7、had to walk many miles in order to fetch wood. = People had to walk many miles so as to fetch wood. = In order to fetch wood, people had to walk many miles. (2) 表示结果 在enough/too/so + adj./adv. as to to或such + n. as to do 后常用不定式作状语。e.g. 他这么傻竟相信了这事。 He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a

8、fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it. He is too young to join the army. 另外only常用在不定式的前面, 表示出人意料的结果, 如: We arrived there only to find the train gone. He returned home only to find his house broken into. (3) 表示原因表示原因 不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语, 说明产生这种情况的原因说明产生这种情况的原

9、因, 常见的形容词有常见的形容词有: sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。 Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news. I was disappointed not to be going out. 不定式还可用在以下形容词后不定式还可用在以下形容词后:easy, difficult, hard, heavy, light, ch

10、eap, expensive, good, nice, safe, dangerous, important, interesting, pleasant, (im)possible, fun等。这时句子的主语可等。这时句子的主语可以是人以是人, 也可以是物。也可以是物。 e.g. English is difficult to learn. The room is comfortable to live in高考链接 1. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to ex

11、pect C. expects D. to be expecting 2. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live. A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing 3. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope 4. Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B.