2020江苏专转本〈葱露语法复习虚拟语气-ppt课件

1、Definition陈说语气陈说语气the Indicative Mood用来陈说一个现实，或提用来陈说一个现实，或提出一个想法，有一定、否认、疑问或感慨等方式。出一个想法，有一定、否认、疑问或感慨等方式。The fish is not alive without water.虚语语气虚语语气the Subjunctive Mood表示说话人的一种表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不能够实现的与现实相反的愿望。料想，或是不能够实现的与现实相反的愿望。1. 虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气

2、的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊构造中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊构造中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈说语气的断定。、虚拟语气与陈说语气的断定。if if引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句区别区别:If it rains tomorrow, the crops will be saved.陈说语气陈说语气If it rained tomorrow, the crops would be saved.虚拟语气虚拟语气If + 主主 + did(were), 主主+wo

3、uld/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If I were you, I would try it again.1. 假设我是他，我会再试一次。假设我是他，我会再试一次。2.2.假设我有一百万美圆，我会买下这架飞机。假设我有一百万美圆，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.与如今现实相反的虚拟条件句与如今现实相反的虚拟条件句If +主主 +had done sth, 主主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式动词完成式have doneIf he had wor

4、ked hard, he would have passed the examination.1.1.假设他努力学的话，他就经过这次考试。假设他努力学的话，他就经过这次考试。If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去现实相反的虚拟条件句与过去现实相反的虚拟条件句与未来现实相反的虚拟条件句与未来现实相反的虚拟条件句( (通常有时间状语通常有时间状语) )If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him abou

5、t it.If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.1.1.假设他明天来的话假设他明天来的话, ,我会通知他这件事我会通知他这件事. .2.2.假设他明天来的话假设他明天来的话, ,我会通知他我会通知他. .If + 主主 + did(were to /should do), 主主+would/should/could/might +动词原形动词原形If you _tomorrow, you _find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. wo

6、uld come; wouldC. will come; should D. comes; mightIf the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrivedIf he _he _that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not have takenB.

7、 had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .A. had been;

8、would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented倒装的倒装的If If虚拟句虚拟句条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：假设条件状语中有假设条件状语中有were, had, shouldwere, had, should时时, , 可以可以倒装成：倒装成：Were / Should / Had +Were / Should / Had +主主+ +其他其他Were I you, I would try it again. Had he been ther

9、e yesterday, he would have seen the film. Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out. If I were you, I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out._the exam, he would have attend a college.A. If he passed B. Had he pass

10、edC. Were he passed D. If he should pass_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.A. If you should arrive B. If you arriveC. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive _it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A. Were B. should C. would D. willwishwish引导的虚拟句引导的

11、虚拟句I wish I remembered the I wish I remembered the address.address.我要是记得地址就好了。真惋惜我忘了我要是记得地址就好了。真惋惜我忘了How I wish he had not left.How I wish he had not left.要是他没有分开这里就好了。他已分开要是他没有分开这里就好了。他已分开I wish it would rain tomorrow.I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。说话人以预料明天不会下雨要是明天下雨就好了。说话人以预料明天不会下雨wish +

12、thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 如今如今had done 过去过去would / might /would do 未来未来5. If only (1) 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name now!If only we had followed your advice last time!If only I could see him again next year!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一同就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一同就好了。If only our parents could live with us!

13、If only I hadnt missed the train!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了.Exercises:“ Have you visited the Science Museum?“ No, but I really wish I _. A. had B. did C. have D. willI didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.A. was B. were C. had been D. wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A. see B. did see C. had seen D

14、. were to see -He is a brave man.-Yes, I wish I _his courage.A. Have B. had C. will have D. would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I_to it.A

15、. hadnt gone B. havent goneC. didnt go D. could not have goneHow I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing as if /though 区别：区别： He speaks English as if/ though he is from the USA.陈说语气陈说语气He speaks English as if/ though he were from the

16、 USA.虚拟语气虚拟语气2. as if /though + Clause如今：如今：过去：过去：未来未来 :did /were(如今如今)had done(过去过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States. would+动词原形动词原形(未来未来)虚拟语气虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood时间时间条件从句条件从句 if主句主句过去过去had donewould/should/could/might have done现在现在did/we

17、rewould/should/could/might do将来将来1.should do2.were to do3.did退一步退一步 海阔天空海阔天空even if/ though, wish, if only等从句等从句的虚拟与它一样。的虚拟与它一样。名词性从句中要求名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词用虚拟语气的动词假设我是他，我就听从他的建议。假设我是他，我就听从他的建议。If I were you, I would have taken his advice.从句表示如今，主句表示过去从句表示如今，主句表示过去假设他听我的话，如今就不会这么糟糕了。假设他听我的话，如今就不会这么糟糕了。从

18、句表示过去，主句表示如今从句表示过去，主句表示如今假设这些天不断没下雨，我们如今可以进展假设这些天不断没下雨，我们如今可以进展任务了。任务了。从句表过去进展，主句表如今进展从句表过去进展，主句表如今进展If you had listened to me, you might not be in such trouble now.If it hadnt been raining those days, we should be going on with the works.留意留意: :主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气( (混合条件句混合条件句): ): 有时条

19、件从句中的动作和结果与主句有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的方式应根据它所表示的时间加动作的方式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。以调整。 If you had followed my advice, you If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now.would be able to finish the work now.假设他当时听了我的话，如今就能完成这份假设他当时听了我的话，如今就能完成这份任务了。任务了。从句阐明过去，主

20、句阐明如今。从句阐明过去，主句阐明如今。If I were you, I would have gone to If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.her birthday party.假设我是他，我就去参与她的生日晚会了。假设我是他，我就去参与她的生日晚会了。从句阐明如今，主句阐明过去。从句阐明如今，主句阐明过去。 If you hadnIf you hadnt lent me some money, t lent me some money, I couldnI couldnt have bought the new

21、 t have bought the new house and most likely I would be house and most likely I would be still living in the dangerous still living in the dangerous house now.house now.假假设他不借钱给我，假假设他不借钱给我， 我不能够买下这我不能够买下这幢新房，很能够如今还住在危房里。幢新房，很能够如今还住在危房里。从句阐明过去，主句阐明过去和如从句阐明过去，主句阐明过去和如今。今。 suggest, order, demand, propo

22、se, command, request, desire, insist, require, advice etc.引引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should) + v原的方式出现。原的方式出现。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.Its suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed,

23、commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that 后面的主语从句中要运用后面的主语从句中要运用虚拟语气，也以虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v原原.的方式出的方式出现。现。 Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. Its requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school. 以上这些动词的名词方式后面的表语从

24、句以上这些动词的名词方式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原原. 的方式出现。的方式出现。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here. His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work (should) be finished two days ah

25、ead of time My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible 留意留意:当当suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示;insist表示表示“坚持以为时不用坚持以为时不用虚拟！虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exer

26、cises does good to peoples health. 虚拟语气特殊句型：1. would rather that如今：如今：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.留意留意: 在主语在主语would (had) rather that 宾语从句中，从句谓语普通宾语从句中，从句谓语普通用过去式表示虚拟方式。例如用过去式表示虚拟方式。例如:我

27、真希望他通知我真相。我真希望他通知我真相。 Id rather you told me the truth. 我宁愿不再见着他。我宁愿不再见着他。 Id rather I didnt see you again. 我倒希望他们和我一同去。我倒希望他们和我一同去。I would rather they went with me.(1) 对如今的虚拟对如今的虚拟,谓语动词用过谓语动词用过去时去时 (系动词用系动词用were),意指主从句意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生谓语表示的动词同时发生.例如例如:他看起来好象病了他看起来好象病了.He looks as if he were ill.他感到他应

28、该单独对发生的他感到他应该单独对发生的 事情承事情承当责任当责任.He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.(2) 对过去的虚拟谓语动词运用对过去的虚拟谓语动词运用had+过去分词过去分词, 意指从句谓语动词意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如例如:她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样样.She spoke English well as if she had studied English in England.我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样我

29、记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3) 对未来的虚拟谓语动词运用对未来的虚拟谓语动词运用would+动词原形动词原形, 意指从句谓语动词意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后发生在主句谓语动词之后. 例如例如:史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.Mrs. Smith sobbed as if her heart would break.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _

30、.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.A. is B. will be C. am D. wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would留意：假设表示的事情能够留意：假设表示的事情能够会发生，那么状语从句中的会

31、发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈说语气。谓语动词可用陈说语气。It looks as if you are tired.3. Its (about/high) time +that - 过去时should +V.他该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 4. without和和but for

32、构成虚拟。构成虚拟。but for要不是要不是Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today.But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without your help, I would have failed.But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.5. If only (1) 要是就好了要是就好了 = I wishIf only I knew his name!If onl

33、y we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一同就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一同就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt missed the train!(2) = as long as 常用陈说语气常用陈说语气.假设我们严密团结就一定能战胜假设我们严密团结就一定能战胜一切困难一切困难.We can surely overcome these difficulti

34、es if only we are closely united.6. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，从句中的动词要用虚拟，即即should+动词原形动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.7. otherwise 和和s

35、upposing也可以引也可以引导虚拟语气。例如：导虚拟语气。例如：The storm stopped, otherwise the sailors would have fallen into the sea.Im getting cold, otherwise I would keep her.Suppose(supposing) your friends knew how you are behaving here, what would they think?8. so that 与与in order that 二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用该用m

36、ay /might/can /could /etc.+动词原动词原形形 She stayed at home for a few days so that she might have more time to study it. She listened carefully in order that she minght discover exactly what he wanted. He went to the station in a taxi so that he should not miss the train.9.用用 “may+动词原形表示祝愿，动词原形表示祝愿，但愿，此时

37、但愿，此时may须置于句首须置于句首 May good luck be yours!祝他好运！祝他好运！May you be happy!祝他高兴！祝他高兴！May you do even better!祝他获得更祝他获得更大成就大成就 Long live the people! 人民万岁！人民万岁！“God bless you, said the priest.牧牧师说：师说：“愿上帝保佑他！愿上帝保佑他！ 非真实条件句中的条件从非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三

38、种情况句大体有三种情况: 1. 条件暗含在短语中。如：条件暗含在短语中。如： W hat would I have done without you? (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语without you中中) It would be easier to do it this way. (条件暗含在不定式短语条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way 中中) But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment. (暗含条件是暗含条件是but for your help)This same thing,

39、happening in wartime, would lead to a disaster. (条件暗含在分词短语条件暗含在分词短语happening in wartime中中) He must have the strength of a hippopotamus, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. (暗含条件是连词暗含条件是连词or) Alone, he would have been terrified. (暗含条件是暗含条件是alone) 2. 条件暗含在上下文中。如：条件暗含在上下文中。如： You might

40、stay here forever. (能够暗含能够暗含if you wanted to) We would have succeeded. (能够暗含能够暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. (能够暗含能够暗含if you should accept it) I would appreciate a little of your time. (能够暗含能够暗含if you were so kind as to give me a little of your time)3. 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说在不少情

41、况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如： You wouldnt know. 他不会知道。他不会知道。 I would like to come. 我情愿来。我情愿来。 I wouldnt have dreamed of it. 这是我做梦也不会想到的。这是我做梦也不会想到的。 He told the story in such minute detail that he might himself have been an eye-witness. 他将那事讲的非常仔细，几乎就象他亲他将那事讲的非常仔细，几乎就象他亲眼看见一样眼看见一样 1 He

42、suggested that the meeting put off. A. not be B. should not C. wouldnt D. be not 2 It is strange that he so. A. thinks B. think C.thought D. will think 3 I wish I my uncle yesterday. A. met B. have met C. would meet D. had met 4 The old professor gave orders that the experiment before 6. A. was fini

43、shed B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 5. She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today. A. had B. should leave C. leaves D. left6. Its already 5 oclock now. Dont you think its about time_ ? A. we are going home B. if she leaves C. we went home D. if she had left 7 Its high tim

44、e he home. A. goes B. went C. will go D. is going to go 8 you succeed and you be healthy. A. Maymay B. Wishwish C. Hopehope D. Shouldmay 9 Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. A. should move B. move C. moves D. A or B10 If only I _ to my parents advice! A. listening B. listen C. am listening D. had listened 11 -Why didnt you come to the party yesterday? -I _ , but an unexpected visitor came to see me. A. did B. would C. had D. was going to 1