语法复习14：介词及介词短语（修订）

1、如皋市高三英语复习讲义-二轮专题高三英语二轮专题复习要点回顾与精练专题03 介词及介词短语一【语境检测】用适当的介词或介词短语填空使得短文语意通顺完整。City Scenes(城市景观)In many countries 1_ the world, including Mexico, Japan and Australia, more and more people live in cities. Cities share many characteristics, but they are also different 2_ country to country.Mexicos cities

2、 are modern but have a lot of traditional Indian and Spanish influences. The most important buildings are around a central square, which also serves 3_ a place to meet with friends. There are outdoor and marketplaces, where people can find almost everything they need. 4_ Sundays, parks are a popular

3、 place for family outgoings. Many people move to Mexico City from rural areas. It has a lot of excitement, but also a lot of traffic and air pollution.Japans cities also have a mix 5_ traditional and modern characteristics. There are tall office and apartment buildings as well as traditional wooden

4、houses. Many people prefer to live far from the center of cities, because houses 6_ the center of cities are expensive. They often commute (坐公交) from suburbs. Traffic, pollution, and crowds are problems. However, there is little crime, and even every crowded cities have many parks and gardens.Althou

5、gh 80%of Australians live near cities, the cities are not as large as those in some other countries. Most people live in houses 7_ suburbsnot in apartments. The suburbs usually have their own churches, schools, and shopping centers. They also have recreational facilities. In large cities, 8_ Sydney,

6、 the suburbs are 9_the city and are often far from the center of town. 10_the heavy traffic, cars and buses are very slow, and there are many traffic jams.二【考纲解读】介词主要考查近义词的用法区别、介词的特定含义、介词和连词易混淆的项目、介词的固定用法等，在2011年和2012年全国各地高考试题中，都涉及到介词的考查，不仅在单项填空中进行考查。由于介词的用法非常普遍，它关系到句子的上下衔接，所以以后的高考题介词仍然是一个考查热点。中学阶段所

7、学的介词有40多个。它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in，out，up，down，on，off，to，from，for，over，with等。预测今后高考介词的考查将以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。三【考点回想】考点1 常见介词的活用：by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义、准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。考点2 介词的固定搭配：高考主要考查学生对固定短

8、语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。1名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根据某人的看法；off time准时；out of reach够不着2动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的；restdt from由引起；call at访问(某地)3形容词词组：be curious about对好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的欢迎4介词短语：apart from除Pb；in addition to除之外(还)；becaus

9、e of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of防备；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中间；according to根据；in front of在前面；in return for作为对的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为的结果；in exchange for与交换等考点3核心介词用法归纳与辨析1. 表示时间的介词in的用法。in和during表一段时间内两词可互用。如：in the night, during the night,in the war,during

10、 the war。但略有区别：当接表示“活动”的抽象名词时多用during，接“活动”的动名词及短语时用in。如：during the discussion/in discussing the problem during her stay in Hubei/in playing basketball/during the course of/in digging the tunnel 2.在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕，常用on。3.表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。有些时间名词前有one，each，any，every，some，all，next，last，that修饰时

11、,不接介词。4.till、until、to的用法。(1)till(until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。(2)to表“终结”时常和from连用，但要注意不与from连用时的意义。5.表示方式、手段、工具的介词(1)by the year/hour/day按年/小时/天，但to the pound按磅算，to the ton按吨计。(2)表泛指的方式、手段:by post, by telephone(radio),但on the phone/on the radio/on TV(电讯器材)，by electricity，by hard work, learn

12、 sth. by heart, through the satellite, through practice, through his own efforts, through experience, through the telescope (3)交通工具类。另外：by means of 用方法，by way of 经由，取道于，用方法;with the help(permission)of sb./with sb.s help(permission)“在帮助下”。(4)表方式、手段的其他用法。He beat the dog with a whip.(with+工具、机器)He stoo

13、d up with pride.(with+情绪、情感、态度的名词)注意：使用语言、材料、文字等用in。如in English(ink, pencil)。另外如：in high(good, low)spirits, in anger, in joy, in comfort, in sorrow, in safety, in danger, in need, in debt, in love, in fun, in pain, in tears, in surprise, in good(poor)health, in good order, in flower, in a way, in a

14、low voice, in silence, in(with)satisfaction, in a hurry, in(with)words, live/feed on food, kneel on ones knee, take(catch)sb. by surprise(出其不意)6.表示“除之外”的几组常用介词比较。(1)besides “除以外，(还有)”。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。如：It was too late to see a film, and besides, I was tired.(2)except“除去，除之外(不再有)”。如：We all went excep

15、t John.在否定句中，两词可以换用，如：He has no other hats except/besides this one.(3)except for“除了(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)”后接名词、代词或what从句，此时与except that+句子意思相同。如：He was very clever except for carelessness.(4)except that.“除了一点以外”。如：He has not changed except that he is wearing dark glasses.(5)but和except在表示“除了以外”时可以通用，但应注意

16、以下三点：前面有不定人词、疑问代词在意义上对称时，多用but。All but one are here. Nobody but I likes making model ships.后接不定式短语为排除对象时，多用but。He has nothing to do but wait.(前有do,后省to)；but与一些固定结构连用。have no choice but to do sth.只得做某事，can not but do sth.不得不,can not help but do sth.不得不，but for.如不是7.介词的省略：8.某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。(1)要求接to的名词有

17、：key, answer, visit, entrance, apology, introduction, road等。(2)要求接in 的名词有：interest, satisfaction, expert等。四、【基础训练】1. The teacher is writing _ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing _ink in exercise books.A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with2. The worker can make

18、 chairs _ wood, and also can make paper _wood.A. from, of B. of, from C. of. of D. from, from3. Mary dropped in _ Mr. Smith, but he wasnt at home, so she went to drop in _ Mr. Smiths office.A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on4. The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his ow

19、n work.A. with, with B. in, inC. in, withD. with, in5. His grandfather died _the wound that the enemy soldier had given him and then his grand-mother died _ hungry and cold. A. from, of B. of, fromC. from, from D. of. of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither.A. into B. afterC. offD. out of

20、7. This is a common mistake _ students.A. between B. over C. among D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A. for B. toC. atD. as9. _ hearing the news, I was wild _ joy.A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other student

21、s _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, withC. behind, inD. behind, at11. Nobody knows it _ me.A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. exceptC. except forD. but for13. We go to school _ a bike.A. in B. on C. by D.ove14. Its very kind_ you to

22、 repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of15. Fresh air is good _ your health.A. at B. for C. of D. to16.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A. for, on B. on, forC. for, forD. on. on17.The group is made up_ five students. And they

23、 are studying hard to make up_ the lost time.A. of, of B. for, forC. of, forD. for, of18. He will return_ three oclock.A. after B. in C. on D. at19. He wrote the article _ three days.A. at B. inC. on D. by20.I agree _ what you said.A. to B. on C. with D. at21. Do you agree_ this plan (arrangement)?A

24、. at B. withC. on D. to22. Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract.A. on B. to C. with D. at23. Do you often hear_ your brother?A. of B. from C. out of D. about24.I heard _ the book long ago, but I have never read it.A. out B. from C. of D. with25. The plane flew _ the city. A. across B. pas

25、t C. through D. over26. We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A. across B. through C.by D.past27.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.A. acrossB. throughC.byD.past28. Our bus drove _ the Great Hall of the People.A. across B. throughC. past

26、D.over29. _ the sun, nothing would grow.A. For B.WithC. UnderD. Without30. The teacher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of31. The teacher is busy _ correcting papers.A. for B.in C.on D.of32. We left Xi an _ a very hot summer afternoon.A. on B.in C. during D.by33. She felt disappointed when she

27、 found out they had gone swimming_ her.A. but B. except C. except for D. without34. His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about35. My father was disappointed _ the news.A. by B. about C. atD. on36. Mr Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home

28、_ the morning of Nov. 5.A.at;in B.on;atC.in;onD.by;from37 .My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;atC.on;inD.of;to38. I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.A. since B. unlessC. becauseD. without39. He is running _ the wind toward

29、s the east of the station _ Tom is running _ the right.A. down; and; on B. against; while; on C.for;with;in D. with; while; to40. In Hangzhou Mr. Green was so struck _ the beauty of nature that he stayed _ another night.A. at; on B. with; atC. for; inD. by; for 41. Many people are still _ the habit

30、of writing silly things _ public places.A.at;at B.in;inC.into;ofD.during;at42. - Do you go there _ bus?- No, we go there _ a train.A. in; on B.on;onC.by;inD.by; with43. I made the coat _ my own hands. It was made _ hand, not with a machine.A. in; in B.in; withC. with; byD. with; with44. The trees _

31、front of the house are _ the charge of Old Li.A. in; in B. at; inC. in; byD. from; in45. Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A. except B. butC. besidesD. beside46. He looked quite healthy _ he was _ the age of seventy.A. when; at B. because; inC. if; forD. though; at47. - How long ha

32、s the bookshop been in business?-_1982.A. After B.InC.FromD.Since48. Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding49.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.withC.forD.of50. Something must be done to prevent our city _ by thic

33、k smoke.A. to be polluted B. from polluting C. from being polluted D. polluting51._ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?A. The teacher as well as B. Nobody butC. The teacher besides D. All except52. Henry,_ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?A. together withB.

34、likeC. and notD. but in addition to53. Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A. in B.atC.toD.on54. We offered him our congratulations _ his passing the college entrance exams.A.at B.onC.forD.of55 .The word write has the same pronunciation _ the word right.A. of B.asC.toD.from56. The train leaves _ 6: 00 p.

35、 m. So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.A. at; until B. for; afterC.at;byD. before; around57. Go _ the gate and youll find the entrance _ the park _ the other side.A. through; to; on B. along ;of; on C. down; to; at D. up; of; by58. Because of her devotion _ music, she has beco

36、me friendly with Mr. Zhang.A. in B. to C. with D. on59. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_ color?A. in B. / C. with D. of60. Some people say that we live _ the age of computers.A. in B. at C. with D. for61. -May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? -Welcome _ open arms.A. with B. by C. i

37、n D. for62. _ defeated, they didnt lose heart.A. In spite of B. Except for C. Though D. Until63. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _ the end of this year.A. at B. by C. for D. till64. The boy ought to have gone to school _, but he slept _noon. A. in the morning, atB. that morn

38、ing, at C. in that morning, until D. that morning, until 65. _most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late. A. Like B. As C. For D. To 66. Lets walk over _the shop on the other side of the street. A. in B. to C. under D. by 67. The number of the employees has grown from 1

39、,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen _20 percent.A . by B. at C. to D. with 68. _production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. . As B. For C. With D. Through 69. I know nothing about the young lady _she is from Beijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 70. -

40、You are so lucky. -What do you mean _that? A. forB. inC. ofD. by五、【真题提能】-看看高考怎么考1.【2012福建卷】China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals _all its citizens.A. in charge ofB. for the purpose of C. in honor ofD. for the benefit of2.【2012浙江卷】 all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the

41、most sensitive to the spoken word.A. FromB. OfC. ForD. With3.【2012湖北卷】The furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _ in the garden of a traditional home. A. out of questionB. out of orderC. out of sightD. out of place4.【2012江苏卷】 Thank God y

42、oure safe!I stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.A. in timeB. in caseC. in needD. in vain5.【2012安徽卷】You can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant to be _ life. A. of B. on C. to D. for6.【2012辽宁卷】The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place _ the main road at the far end of the

43、lake. A. to B. for C. off D. out7.【2012四川卷】This training program can give you a lift at work, _ increase your income by 40%.A. as well as B. so long as C. so much as D. as soon as8.【2011全国卷II】This shop will be closed for repairs _ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at9.【2011北京卷】With new tech

44、nology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _ color. A. byB. forC. withD. in10.【2011上海卷】Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you _ the tough years.A. throughB. upC. withD. from11.【2011湖北卷】When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer t

45、o see him step aside _ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor ofD. in praise of12. 【2011山东卷】Im sorry I didnt phone you, but Ive been very busy_ the past couple of weeks.A. beyond B. with C. among D. over13.【2011安徽卷 25】Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek_ food safety problem.A

46、. in B. to C. on D. after14.【2011浙江卷】I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _.A. onB. forC. byD. of15.【2011四川卷】Nick, its good for you to read some books _China before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on16.【2011天津卷】He was a good student and scored _ average in most subjec

47、ts.A. below B. of C. on D. above17.【2011重庆卷】Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read _ the library.A. in B. for C. by D. from18.【2011江苏卷】Wed better discuss everything _before we work out the plan.A. in detail B. in general C. on purpose D. on time19.【2011福建卷】_ good service, t

48、he restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dished.A. Far from B. Apart from CInstead of DRegardless of20.【2010江西】Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients _ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with21.【2010上海】Sean has formed the habit of jogging_ the tree-lined avenue for two hour

49、s every day. A. between B. along C. below D. with22.【2010天津】My father warned me_ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. A. by B. on C. for D. against23.【2010四川】Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree. A. in B. below C. beside D. against24.【2010辽宁】I agree to his sug

50、gestion _the condition that he drops all charges. A. by B. in C. on D. to 25.【2010北京】Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden? They are_ everyones enjoyment. A. in B. at C. for D. to26.【2010重庆】The dictionary is what I want, but I dont have enough money me. A. by B. for C. in D. with27.【2010浙江】I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just_. Aby nature Bin return Cin case Dby chance【参考答案】【语境检测】1.around 2.from 3.as 4. On 5. of6.in 7.in 8.like 9.