兽医专业英语l(2)

1、2/6/2022Xiaoquan WangKey Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases of Ministry of Agriculture, School of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JiangsuChapter Three Preventive Veterinary Sciences编辑编辑pptNew words and phrasesv prosecution ,prsikju:n n. 起诉，检举；进行；经营 v Tenure tenju, tenj n. 任

2、期；占有任期；占有;vt. 授予授予终身职位终身职位v Coordinated ku:dineitid vt. 调整；调节；整理调整；调节；整理;adj. 协调的协调的v Physiologic adj. 生理的；生理学的 v Microbe maikrub n. 细菌，微生物细菌，微生物 v Macromolecule ,mkrumlikju:l n. 高分子；大分子高分子；大分子 v Polysaccharide ,pliskraid n. 有化有化 多糖；多聚糖多糖；多聚糖 v Pathologic ,pldik adj. 病理学的；病态的病理学的；病态的v Bubonic bju:bn

3、ik adj. 腹股沟腺炎的腹股沟腺炎的v Smallpox sm:lpks n. 天花天花 v Inhale inheil vt. 吸入；猛吃猛喝吸入；猛吃猛喝 vi. 吸气吸气v discipline disiplin n. 学科；纪律；训练；惩罚;vt. 训练，训导；惩戒编辑编辑pptNew words and phrasesv Manipulate mnipjuleit vt. 操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改 v contract vi. 收缩；感染；订约; vt.染上（恶习，疾病等）;感染；订约；使缩短 n. 合同；婚约v Pustule pstju:l n

4、. 皮肤皮肤 脓疱脓疱 v Intentionally intennli adv. 故意地，有意地故意地，有意地v inoculate 给做预防注射v treatise tri:tiz, -tis论文，专著v Eloquent adj. 意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的 v Immunochemistry ,imjunukemistri v Crystallography ,kristlrfi n. 晶体晶体 结晶学结晶学v Genetically denetikli adv. 从遗传学角度；从基因方面从遗传学角度；从基因方面v biochemicalv transgenicv

5、 Knockout nkaut adj. 淘汰的；击倒的；迷人的淘汰的；击倒的；迷人的;n. 淘汰赛；击倒；给人留淘汰赛；击倒；给人留下深刻印象的人；绝代佳人下深刻印象的人；绝代佳人; 剔除，敲除剔除，敲除2/6/2022 The term immunity is derived from the Latin word immunitas, which referred to the exemption from various civic duties and legal prosecution offered to Roman senators during their tenures i

6、n office. Historically, immunity meant protection from disease and, more specifically, infectious disease. Lesson Twelve Imunology2/6/2022The cells and molecules responsible for immunity constitute the immune system, and their collective （共同的） and coordinated （协调的）response to the introduction of for

7、eign substances is called the immune response. Constitute vt. 组成，构成；组成，构成；Comprise vt. 包含；由包含；由组成组成 Contain 含有含有Involve 包含，涉及包含，涉及2/6/2022The physiologic function of the immune system is defense against infectious microbes. However, even noninfectious foreign substances can elicit immune responses.

8、Furthermore, mechanisms that normally protect individuals from infection and eliminate foreign substances are themselves capable of causing tissue injury and disease in some situations. 编辑编辑ppt Therefore, a more inclusive definition of immunity is reaction to foreign substances, including microbes,

9、as well as to macromolecules such as proteins and polysaccharides, regardless of the physiologic or pathologic consequence of such a reaction. Immunology is the study of immunity in this broader sense, and of the cellular and molecular events that occur after an organism encounters microbes and othe

10、r foreign macromolecules.编辑编辑ppt The concept of immunity may have existed long before, as suggested by the ancient Chinese custom of （关于，与关于，与有关有关 ）making children resistant to smallpox by having them inhale powders made from the skin lesions of patients recovering from the disease. as作关系代词的用法; as单独

11、引导定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一个句子或短语。例如：She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了，这是经常的事。(先行词是整个主句)编辑编辑ppt Immunology, in its modern form, is an experimental science, in which explanations of immunologic phenomena are based on experimental observations and the conclusions drawn from them (experimental observa

12、tions ). The evolution of immunology as an experimental discipline has depended on our ability to manipulate the function of the immune system under controlled conditions. as作介词的用法as作介词，意思是作为，以身份。例如：He came to China as a tourist five years ago.他五年前以游客的身份来过中国。编辑编辑ppt Historically, the first clear exa

13、mple of this manipulation, and one that remains among the most dramatic ever recorded, was Edward Jenners successful vaccination against smallpox. Jenner, an English physician, noticed that milkmaids who had recovered from cowpox never contracted the more serious smallpox. 编辑编辑ppt Based on this obse

14、rvation, he injected the material from a cowpox pustule into the arm of an 8-year-old boy. When this boy was later intentionally inoculated with smallpox, the disease did not develop. Jenners landmark treatise tri:tiz on vaccination (Latin vaccinus, of or from cows) was published in 1798. 编辑编辑ppt It

15、 led to the widespread acceptance of this method for inducing immunity to infectious diseases, and vaccination remains the most effective method for preventing infections. An eloquent testament to the importance of immunology was the announcement by the World Health Organization in 1980 that smallpo

16、x was the first disease that had been eradicated world wide by a program of vaccination.编辑编辑ppt Since the 1960s, there has been a remarkable transformation in our understanding of the immune system and its functions. Advances in cell culture techniques (including monoclonal antibody production), immunochemistry, recombinant DNA methodology, X-ray crystallography, and